Crack initiation and propagation on the polymeric material ABS (Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene), under ultrasonic fatigue testing

Crack initiation and propagation have been investigated on the polymeric material ABS (Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene), under ultrasonic fatigue testing. Three controlled actions were implemented in order to carry out fatigue tests at very high frequency on this material of low thermal conductivity, they are: a) The applying load was low to limit heat dissipation at the specimen neck section, b) The dimensions of testing specimen were small (but fitting the resonance condition), in order to restraint the temperature gradient at the specimen narrow section, c) Temperature at the specimen neck section was restrained by immersion in water or oil during ultrasonic fatigue testing. Experimental results are discussed on the basis of thermo-mechanical behaviour: the tail phenomenon at the initial stage of fatigue, initial shear yielding deformation, crazed development on the later stage, plastic strain on the fracture surface and the transition from low to high crack growth rate. In addition, a numerical analysis is developed to evaluate the J integral of energy dissipation and the stress intensity factor K, with the crack lengt

Effect of hyoscine butylbromide on cervical dilation during labor

To compare the effects of intravenous hyoscine butylbromide versus placebo on the duration of labor in term pregnancies. Materials and methods: 86 patients were selected and randomly assigned to receive intravenous hyoscine butylbromide (20 mg twice) (n = 43) or an intravenous placebo (saline solution 10 cc) (n = 43). We evaluated maternal adverse effects, effects on neonatal Apgar score, cervical dilatation 1 h after drug administration and the interval between the onset of labor and delivery. Results: No significant differences were observed in the duration of phases of labor between the two groups. No significant differences were found between the groups in Apgar scores at 1 and 5 min. No maternal adverse effects were observed or reported due to the use of hyoscine butylbromide or the placebo. On the first phase of primigravidas it shortens the first labor phase up to 159.1 ± 84 min vs. the control group (p = 0.002). Conclusion: Hyoscine butylbromide oxytocin shortens the duration of labor in term primigravida pregnancies. No side effects were reported

El mazateco de Oaxaca

El proyecto analiza la variación y el cambio en la fonología, léxico, morfología y sintaxis del mazateco que se habla en las Regiones de la Cuenca y la Cañada (Santo Domingo del Río, Xalapa de Díaz, Huautla de Jiménez y Santa María Asunción) del estado de Oaxaca de la República Mexican

Internacionalización de la obra del artista Luis Rodrigo Medina: Destino Tokio

De acuerdo con la charla que tuvimos con Luis Rodrigo Medina, el objetivo que se espera durante este proyecto PAP es explorar nuevos mercados fuera de México en los que no ha tenido presencia. Luis ya tiene un posicionamiento significativo en Europa, específicamente París, por lo que ya se cuenta con experiencia previa de exposiciones y venta de piezas fuera de México. Una de las opciones de mercado que Luis menciona estar interesado en incursionar es en el mercado asiático, del cual no ha tenido presencia reciente en su carrera como artista. Además de una posible participación en una bienal de Venecia. Luis no cuenta con registro de su marca ni de sus obras, por lo cual está interesado conocer cuál es el proceso para solicitarlo. De acuerdo a los comentarios recibidos por parte de Luis, su larga trayectoria lo ha enfocado completamente en el arte y hoy en día hay aspectos que quizá no tiene presentes y le gustaría recibir un apoyo fresco por parte de los miembros del PAP para así mejorar en aquellos puntos que se consideren relevantes para oporto a su carrera artística.ITESO, A.C

Tandem quadruplication of HMA4 in the zinc (Zn) and cadmium (Cd) hyperaccumulator noccaea caerulescens

Zinc (Zn) and cadmium (Cd) hyperaccumulation may have evolved twice in the Brassicaceae, in Arabidopsis halleri and in the Noccaea genus. Tandem gene duplication and deregulated expression of the Zn transporter, HMA4, has previously been linked to Zn/Cd hyperaccumulation in A. halleri. Here, we tested the hypothesis that tandem duplication and deregulation of HMA4 expression also occurs in Noccaea. A Noccaea caerulescens genomic library was generated, containing 36,864 fosmid pCC1FOSTM clones with insert sizes ~20–40 kbp, and screened with a PCR-generated HMA4 genomic probe. Gene copy number within the genome was estimated through DNA fingerprinting and pooled fosmid pyrosequencing. Gene copy numbers within individual clones was determined by PCR analyses with novel locus specific primers. Entire fosmids were then sequenced individually and reads equivalent to 20-fold coverage were assembled to generate complete whole contigs. Four tandem HMA4 repeats were identified in a contiguous sequence of 101,480 bp based on sequence overlap identities. These were flanked by regions syntenous with up and downstream regions of AtHMA4 in Arabidopsis thaliana. Promoter-reporter b-glucuronidase (GUS) fusion analysis of a NcHMA4 in A. thaliana revealed deregulated expression in roots and shoots, analogous to AhHMA4 promoters, but distinct from AtHMA4 expression which localised to the root vascular tissue. This remarkable consistency in tandem duplication and deregulated expression of metal transport genes between N. caerulescens and A. halleri, which last shared a common ancestor >40 mya, provides intriguing evidence that parallel evolutionary pathways may underlie Zn/Cd hyperaccumulation in Brassicaceae

Topology by Design in Magnetic nano-Materials: Artificial Spin Ice

Artificial Spin Ices are two dimensional arrays of magnetic, interacting nano-structures whose geometry can be chosen at will, and whose elementary degrees of freedom can be characterized directly. They were introduced at first to study frustration in a controllable setting, to mimic the behavior of spin ice rare earth pyrochlores, but at more useful temperature and field ranges and with direct characterization, and to provide practical implementation to celebrated, exactly solvable models of statistical mechanics previously devised to gain an understanding of degenerate ensembles with residual entropy. With the evolution of nano--fabrication and of experimental protocols it is now possible to characterize the material in real-time, real-space, and to realize virtually any geometry, for direct control over the collective dynamics. This has recently opened a path toward the deliberate design of novel, exotic states, not found in natural materials, and often characterized by topological properties. Without any pretense of exhaustiveness, we will provide an introduction to the material, the early works, and then, by reporting on more recent results, we will proceed to describe the new direction, which includes the design of desired topological states and their implications to kinetics.Comment: 29 pages, 13 figures, 116 references, Book Chapte

Entomofauna floral del girasol (Helianthus annuus L.) cultivado en Cuautitlán Izcalli, Estado de México

Objective: Evaluate the presence of floral insects associated with sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) in the municipality of Cuautitlan Izcalli, Estado de Mexico.Design/methodology/approximation: A diurnal monitoring and recording of the insects that visited the crop was carried out, and in the phenological phases in which they were presented.Results: In total, 18 species associated with the crop were identified; these were classified into pollinators, predators, defoliators and suckers. The floral insects in the sunflower basically consist of pollinating insects and some insect pests such as the fruit fly (Neotephritis finalis).Limitations on the study/implications: It is an exploratory work that should be complemented with more field observations in the sunflower crop.Findings/Conclusions: The activity of Chauliognathus hastatus was determined as a pollinator in this crop and not only Apis mellifera L. as literature cites.Objetivo: Evaluar la presencia de la entomofauna floral asociada al girasol (Helianthus annuus L.) cultivado en el municipio de Cuautitlán Izcalli, Estado de México.Diseño/metodología/aproximación: Se realizó un monitoreo diurno y registro de los insectos que visitaron al cultivo, y en las fases fenológicas en las que se presentaron.Resultados: En total se identificaron 18 especies asociadas al cultivo; éstas fueron clasificadas en polinizadores, depredadores, defoliadores y chupadores. La entomofauna en el girasol básicamente se compone de insectos polinizadores y algunos insectos plaga como la mosca de la fruta (Neotephritis finalis).Limitaciones del estudio/implicaciones: Es un trabajo exploratorio que debe complementarse con más observaciones de campo en el cultivo de girasol.Hallazgos/conclusiones: Se determinó la actividad de Chauliognathus hastatus como un polinizador en este cultivo y no solo Apis mellifera L. como la literatura lo cita