Toward community standards and software for whole-cell modeling

Whole-cell (WC) modeling is a promising tool for biological research, bioengineering, and medicine. However, substantial work remains to create accurate, comprehensive models of complex cells. Methods: We organized the 2015 Whole-Cell Modeling Summer School to teach WC modeling and evaluate the need for new WC modeling standards and software by recoding a recently published WC model in SBML. Results: Our analysis revealed several challenges to representing WC models using the current standards. Conclusion: We, therefore, propose several new WC modeling standards, software, and databases. Significance:We anticipate that these new standards and software will enable more comprehensive models

High Speed Comparator Design for the Implementation of Successive Approximation Register ADC

In this work, a comparator operating at 400MHz frequency with a resolution of 10 bits is designed. In order to eliminate the effect of offset voltage in the designed comparator circuit, auto-zero technique is used. The fully differential operational amplifier structure is used in the comparator circuit as it prevents common mode distortion. Clock signals and CMOS structures of switch, latch, inverter and full differential operational amplifier structures of the comparator circuit are given in detail. The performance parameters of the designed circuit are realized in Cadence environment with 0.18μm technology. © 2019 IEEE

New realization methods of frequency agile filters for encrypted communications and multi-standard transceivers

Telecommunication is widespread in all areas of society. Although digital signal processing emerges on analog counterpart, analog signal processing is an indispensable part of the telecommunication. Some analog parts, especially band selection filter and oscillator of the transceivers must be reconfigurable for more convenience. Multi-standard transceivers increase the universality of the designed transceiver circuit for all applications to implement on a single chip. For example, for more convenience 4G cellular system transceivers must be suitable more than one standard for best connectivity. GSM, GPS, WCDMA, Wi-Fi (IEEE 802.11a/b/g/n), WiMAX, Bluetooth, Zee Bee and Ultra Wideband (UWB), are certain prospective standards that can be considered as pieces in the circuit of the final wireless network. The reconfigurable filter called as frequency agile filter is one of the background circuit for the multi-standard transceivers. The frequency agile filter allows to sense different protocols with only one circuit. Such a circuit can be a signal processing part of different positioning system's bands (GPS, GLONASS, Beidou, GNSS and Galileo) to process different positioning system protocols in the same circuit. Also, the design of reconfigurable low pass filter is one of the most critical part of the Zero-IF receivers. Furthermore, frequency agile filter can be considered as a part of frequency hopping system used in military applications for secure communication. Frequency hopping spread spectrum known as (FHSS) and direct-sequence spread spectrum (DSSS) are two types of encoding system. In FHSS transmission technology, the data signal is modulated with a narrowband carrier signal hopping arbitrarily frequency to frequency. The random modulation can be predicted by only the desired receivers by the aid of frequency agile filters. In this talk, new recent CMOS realization methods for agile filters suitable for encrypted communication will be presented including the concept, topologies, IC design, layouts and simulation results. All data is taken from the recent research works performed in Istanbul Technical University. Two different technology (TSMC 0.18μm and AMS 0.18μm) are used to design frequency agile filters. © 2017 IEEE

A new method to design multi-standard analog baseband low-pass filter

Multi-standard transceivers allow to process different protocols in a single chip. These type transceivers need reconfigurable analog elements. In this work reconfigurable Analog Baseband low-pass filter is designed to support the application of Bluetooth, CDMA2000, Wideband CDMA, and IEEE 802.11a/b/g/n wireless LANs and 2G/3G/4G. The designed filter operates between 20kHz-40MHz. The filter is designed with cell-based variable transconductance amplifier. The minimum value of the designed filter'sthird order intersection point is 17.8dBm. The performance of the designed circuit is tested with TSMC 0.1μm technology in CADENCE environment. © 2017 EMO (tur Chamber of Electrical Enginners)

Does remifentanil attenuate renal ischemia-reperfusion injury better than dexmedetomidine in rat kidney?

Background: Ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury is a common cause of patient morbidity and mortality in the perioperative period. Patients undergoing long-lasting, abdominal, and urogenital surgeries with risk factors such as advanced age, peripheral artery disease, diabetes mellitus, renovascular disease, and congestive heart failure are candidates for acute kidney injury (AKI) due to impaired renal perfusion and decreased functional renal reserve. Pharmacological agents with multiple functions and anti-oxidative and anti-inflammation properties may be promising preventative strategies for AKI. Recently, dexmedetomidine (dex) has been postulated to have renoprotective effects. Objectives: We aimed to investigate the protective effects of an intravenous anesthetic remifentanil in renal I/R injury in the rat in comparison with dex. Materials and methods: A total of 30 Sprague Dawley adult rats were randomly assigned into five groups: the control group (group C, n=6), the sham group (group Sh, n=6, saline-infused rats without I/R injury), the saline group (group S, n=6, saline-infused rats with I/R injury), the remifentanil-treated group (group REM, n=6), and the dexmedetomidine-treated group (group DEX, n=6). The infusions (saline, remifentanil, and dex) were started after anesthesia induction and right nephrectomy and continued until the end of the surgical procedure. In I/R injury groups, the left renal artery and vein were occluded together by a clamp for 30 minutes and reperfusion lasted for 30 minutes. The rats were sacrificed after reperfusion, and the left kidney tissue was harvested. Blood samples were drawn from all animals to evaluate plasma neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) at the beginning, 15 minutes after ischemia, 15 minutes after reperfusion, and 6 hours after the surgical procedure (T0, T1, T2, and T3, respectively). Results: The plasma NGAL levels exhibited increase at T1, T2, and T3 compared to the levels at T0 in group S (P < 0.05).In group REM, there was a significant increase in plasma NGAL levels at T3 in comparison to those at T0, T1, and T2. The plasma NGAL levels at T2 in group S were significantly higher than those at T2 in group DEX (P < 0.05). The groups S and REM showed significantly higher plasma NGAL levels at T3 compared to those at T0 (P < 0.05). Upon histological examination, there was no difference among the study groups when left kidneys were evaluated (P > 0.05). Conclusion: The NGAL levels and histopathological findings reflected protection by dex against renal I/R injury. However, the same exact results could not be mentioned for remifentanil depending on our study results