Triad Model of Education (II) and Instructional Engineering

A pesar del dinero y el sudor que forman parte de las nuevas tecnologías instructivas, no producen el alto nivel global de logro por parte de los estudiantes que las sociedades buscan. Una enseñanza más efectiva requiere una solución profunda. Requiere una tríada coordinada de factores: una ciencia adecuada, una estructura organizacional correcta y una tecnología instructiva de ingeniería. Este segundo artículo de una serie de artículos sobre el Modelo Tríada de Educación se centra en la ingeniería instructiva. La ingeniería instructiva extraída de la ciencia se basa en las contingencias. Los sistemas basados en contingencias siempre manejan los dos componentes inevitables de la instrucción: los repertorios de los estudiantes y los contextos o escenarios que dan forma a dichos repertorios. El componente contextual consta de cinco elementos: la asignatura, los objetivos, el control de la calidad, los modos de presentación y la logística. El componente del repertorio consiste en el gobierno de los repertorios—gobernados por eventos y por la lengua, el tipo de repertorio—saber, resolver y crear y la variabilidad del repertorio—convergente y divergente. Estos elementos y su ingeniería necesaria revelan una tarea instructiva más compleja de lo que se había pensado con anterioridad. El progreso con dicha complejidad sólo ocurre cuando todos los componentes de la tríada se encuentran en su lugar.Despite the money and sweat that go into new instructional technologies, they do not produce the overall high level of student performances that societies seek. More effective teaching calls for a profound solution. It requires a coordinate triad of factors: a proper science, the correct organizational structure, and an engineering instructional technology. This second of a series of articles on the Triad Model of Education concentrates on instructional engineering. The instructional engineering drawn from the science is contingency-based. Contingency-based instructional systems always handle the inevitable two components of instruction: the repertoires of students and the setups that shape those repertoires. The setup component features five elements: subject matter, objectives, quality control, presentation modes, and logistics. The repertoire component consists of the governance of repertoires—event and lingual governed, the type of repertoire—knowing, solving, and creating, and the variability of the repertoire—convergent and divergent. These elements, and their required engineering, reveal an instructional task more complex than previously considered. Progress with such complexity occurs only when all components of the triad are in place

El derecho internacional económico y la gobernabilidad de las organizaciones económicas internacionales: un análisis jurídico-político

El propósito principal del presente artículo es analizar las causas que dificultan la gobernabilidad de las organizaciones económicas internacionales, a fines de identificar posibles soluciones y explicaciones, que vayan más allá de los postulados tradicionales que asocian los efectos negativos de la globalización con la necesidad de alcanzar mayores niveles de gobernabilidad.The principal objective of this article is to analyze the causes that have difficulted the governability of the international economic organizations, in order to identify possible solutions and explanations, which have to go further than the traditional postulates which associate those difficulties with the negative effects of globalization

Inter-band B(E2) transition strengths in odd-mass heavy deformed nuclei

Inter-band B(E2) transition strengths between different normal parity bands in 163Dy and 165Er are described using the pseudo-SU(3) model. The Hamiltonian includes Nilsson single-particle energies, quadrupole-quadrupole and pairing interactions with fixed, parametrized strengths, and three extra rotor terms used to fine tune the energy spectra. In addition to inter-band transitions, the energy spectra and the ground state intra-band B(E2) strengths are reported. The results show the pseudo-SU(3) shell model to be a powerful microscopic theory for a description of the normal parity sector in heavy deformed odd-A nuclei.Comment: 4 figures, 2 table

Kinetics and thermodynamics of the reversible solvation of 2, 3-butanedione

En este trabajo se realiza un estudio de la adición reversible de agua y metanol a 2 ,3-butanodiona. Los valores de ΛH y ΛS de adición de agua y metanol son muy similares. Al diluir los solventes próticos con acetona se observa una marcada disminución en la exotermicidad de la adición. A pesar de la similitud en los parámetros termodinámicos, la hidratación es un proceso mucho más rápido que la adición de metanol

Neisseria gonorrhoeae challenge increases matrix metalloproteinase-8 expression in fallopian tube explants

Indexación: Scopus.Background: Neisseria gonorrhoeae (Ngo) is the etiological agent of gonorrhea, a sexually transmitted infection that initially infects the female lower genital tract. In untreated women, the bacteria can ascend to the upper genital reproductive tract and infect the fallopian tube (FTs), which is associated with salpingitis and can lead to impaired FT function and infertility. The extracellular matrix (ECM) plays an important role in cell migration and differentiation in the female genital tract, and some pathogens modify the ECM to establish successful infections. The ECM is regulated by matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs), their endogenous inhibitors; MMP deregulation causes pathological conditions in a variety of tissues. Results: The aim of this work was to analyze the expression and localization of MMP-3, MMP-8, MMP-9, and TIMP-1 in FT explants during Ngo infection using real-time PCR, immunohistochemistry, zymography and ELISA. No significant variations in MMP-3, MMP-9, and TIMP-1 transcript levels were observed. In contrast, a significant increase (p < 0.05) was observed for MMP-8 expression and was accompanied by stromal immunoreactivity in infected explants. ELISA results supported these findings and showed that MMP-8 release increased upon gonococcal infection. Conclusions: Our results indicate that gonococcal infection induces increased MMP-8 expression, which might contribute to FT damage during infection. © 2017 Juica, Rodas, Solar, Borda, Vargas, Muñoz, Paredes, Christodoulides and Velasquez.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcimb.2017.00399/ful