Forming first-ranked early-type galaxies through hierarchical dissipationless merging

We have developed a computationally competitive N-body model of a previrialized aggregation of galaxies in a flat LambdaCDM universe to assess the role of the multiple mergers that take place during the formation stage of such systems in the configuration of the remnants assembled at their centres. An analysis of a suite of 48 simulations of low-mass forming groups (of about 1E13 solar masses) demonstrates that the gravitational dynamics involved in their hierarchical collapse is capable of creating realistic first-ranked galaxies without the aid of dissipative processes. Our simulations indicate that the brightest group galaxies (BGGs) constitute a distinct population from other group members, sketching a scenario in which the assembly path of these objects is dictated largely by the formation of their host system. We detect significant differences in the distribution of Sersic indices and total magnitudes, as well as a luminosity gap between BGGs and the next brightest galaxy that is positively correlated with the total luminosity of the parent group. Such gaps arise from both the grow of BGGs at the expense of lesser companions and the decrease in the relevance of second-ranked objects in equal measure. This results in a dearth of intermediate-mass galaxies which explains the characteristic central dip detected in their luminosity functions in dynamically young galaxy aggregations. The fact that the basic global properties of our BGGs define a thin mass fundamental plane strikingly similar to that followed giant early-type galaxies in the local universe reinforces confidence in the results obtained.Comment: 25 pages, 14 figures, 3 tables. Accepted to MNRA

Study of Useful Life of Dry-Type WTSU Transformers

Dry-type transformers are rapidly becoming popular as wind turbine step-up (WTSU) transformers, especially in offshore wind farms. Cast resin transformers are not flammable and are also resistant to moisture. However, their thermalelectrical degradation must be carefully analysed given the special conditions of wind farm installations. The present paper studies the remaining useful life (RUL) calculation of dry-type WTSU transformers based on the most thermally stressed location i.e. the winding hot-spot. The estimation of the loss of life of the transformer can be used for diagnostic and prognostic monitoring purposes in the framework of digital twins. The methodology is then applied to a typical WTSU load profile and the impact of several transformer characteristics and operating conditions are compared to the reference case.The authors gratefully acknowledge the support of the Basque Government (project ELKARTEK KK2018/00096 and GISEL research group IT1191-19), as well as of the University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU (research group funding GIU18/181)

Analysis of loss of life of dry-type WTSU transformers in offshore wind farms

Currently, dry-type transformers are commonly installed as wind turbine step-up (WTSU) transformers, especially in offshore wind farms. Due to their low flammability and resistance to moisture, their performance is optimal in offshore platforms. Nonetheless, their thermal-electrical degradation must be carefully considered given the special wind and weather conditions in marine environments. The present paper studies the thermal aging of dry-type WTSU transformers in offshore wind farms considering the most thermally stressed location i.e. the winding hot-spot. The estimation of the transformer lifetime consumption introduced in this work can be applied in the framework of digital twins for diagnostic and prognostic monitoring purposes The thermal degradation study is based on a typical offshore load profile and includes the analysis of the impact of several transformer characteristics and operating conditions. As a result of the analysis, it can be concluded that lower temperature insulations, forced air cooling systems, a lower mean winding temperature rise and cool ambient temperatures lead to decreased loss of life values. Also, the present work suggests the suitability of considering thermal degradation studies as an optimal sizing factor for offshore WTSU given the low ambient temperatures in marine environment and the low capacity factors.The authors gratefully acknowledge the Support of the Basque Government (project ELKARTEK KK - 2018/00096 and GISEL research group IT1191-19), as well as of the University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU (research group unding GIU18/181)

Insight into the reversible structural crystalline-state transformation from MIL-53(Al) to MIL-68(Al)

The reversible crystalline transformation between MIL-53(Al) and MIL-68(Al) is described. This followed a uniform conversion model with cleavage and formation of metal-ligand bonds after exchange or removal of guest molecules. MIL-68(Al) materials produced during the transformations had higher thermal stability and crystallinity than the as-synthesized MIL-68(Al)

Optimizing CIGB-300 intralesional delivery in locally advanced cervical cancer

Background:We conducted a phase 1 trial in patients with locally advanced cervical cancer by injecting 0.5 ml of the CK2-antagonist CIGB-300 in two different sites on tumours to assess tumour uptake, safety, pharmacodynamic activity and identify the recommended dose.Methods:Fourteen patients were treated with intralesional injections containing 35 or 70 mg of CIGB-300 in three alternate cycles of three consecutive days each before standard chemoradiotherapy. Tumour uptake was determined using 99 Tc-radiolabelled peptide. In situ B23/nucleophosmin was determined by immunohistochemistry.Results:Maximum tumour uptake for CIGB-300 70-mg dose was significantly higher than the one observed for 35 mg: 16.1±8.9 vs 31.3±12.9 mg (P=0.01). Both, AUC 24h and biological half-life were also significantly higher using 70 mg of CIGB-300 (P<0.001). Unincorporated CIGB-300 diffused rapidly to blood and was mainly distributed towards kidneys, and marginally in liver, lungs, heart and spleen. There was no DLT and moderate allergic-like reactions were the most common systemic side effect with strong correlation between unincorporated CIGB-300 and histamine levels in blood. CIGB-300, 70 mg, downregulated B23/nucleophosmin (P=0.03) in tumour specimens.Conclusion:Intralesional injections of 70 mg CIGB-300 in two sites (0.5 ml per injection) and this treatment plan are recommended to be evaluated in phase 2 studies.Fil: Sarduy, M. R.. Medical-surgical Research Center; CubaFil: García, I.. Centro de Ingeniería Genética y Biotecnología; CubaFil: Coca, M. A.. Clinical Investigation Center; CubaFil: Perera, A.. Clinical Investigation Center; CubaFil: Torres, L. A.. Clinical Investigation Center; CubaFil: Valenzuela, C. M.. Centro de Ingeniería Genética y Biotecnología; CubaFil: Baladrón, I.. Centro de Ingeniería Genética y Biotecnología; CubaFil: Solares, M.. Hospital Materno Ramón González Coro; CubaFil: Reyes, V.. Center For Genetic Engineering And Biotechnology Havana; CubaFil: Hernández, I.. Isotope Center; CubaFil: Perera, Y.. Centro de Ingeniería Genética y Biotecnología; CubaFil: Martínez, Y. M.. Medical-surgical Research Center; CubaFil: Molina, L.. Medical-surgical Research Center; CubaFil: González, Y. M.. Medical-surgical Research Center; CubaFil: Ancízar, J. A.. Centro de Ingeniería Genética y Biotecnología; CubaFil: Prats, A.. Clinical Investigation Center; CubaFil: González, L.. Centro de Ingeniería Genética y Biotecnología; CubaFil: Casacó, C. A.. Clinical Investigation Center; CubaFil: Acevedo, B. E.. Centro de Ingeniería Genética y Biotecnología; CubaFil: López Saura, P. A.. Centro de Ingeniería Genética y Biotecnología; CubaFil: Alonso, Daniel Fernando. Universidad Nacional de Quilmes; ArgentinaFil: Gómez, R.. Elea Laboratories; ArgentinaFil: Perea Rodríguez, S. E.. Center For Genetic Engineering And Biotechnology Havana; Cuba. Centro de Ingeniería Genética y Biotecnología; Cub

Differences of the game between the football Spanish team and its rivals.

El objeto de este estudio, analizando la acción de juego en fútbol, describe el uso de los contextos de interacción que la selección española de fútbol y sus rivales hicieron en los campeonatos internacionales. Para ello, 13 partidos fueron observados y codificados (seis de la Eurocopa 2008 y siete del Mundial 2010) gracias a un sistema taxonómico ad hoc previamente definido. Los datos fueron registrados usando un software específico. Después, coordenadas polares fueron desarrolladas usando sólo como conductas criterio los contextos de interacción. Los resultados obtenidos describen que España y sus oponentes no hicieron el mismo uso del espacio de juego en sus partidos (más ofensivo para los primeros), mostrando la dimensión diacrónica de los eventos y combinando las perspectivas prospectiva y retrospectiva. Esto nos permite saber el componente estratégico del uso de los contextos de interacción hechos por los equipos en la competición y optimizar programas de entrenamiento específicos.Este estudio es parte del proyecto titulado Avances Tecnológicos y Metodológicos en la Automatización de Estudios observacionales en deporte, financiado por Dirección General de Investigación de España, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (PSI2008-01179) en el período 2008-2011. No existen conflictos de intereses para esta investigación

Enhancement of growth of MOF MIL-68(Al) thin films on porous alumina tubes using different linking agents

The preparation of MIL-68(Al) films on the inner surface of alumina tubes is reported. As the direct deposition of the MOF on bare alumina gives poor adhesion results, three different linking agents are employed to achieve a good MOF–support interaction. Colloidal silica LUDOX®, zeolite silicalite-1, and natural polysaccharide chitosan are chosen as binders, because they contain potential functional groups (hydroxy, amino, ether), which can establish hydrogen bonds. While colloidal silica leads to noncontinuous MOF layers, silicalite-1 and chitosan give rise to uniform and well-anchored films, as confirmed by the different characterization techniques used to study the MOF layer. Single-gas permeation experiments are carried out to determine the quality and ideal efficiency of the membranes prepared with silicalite-1 and chitosan. The results for the MIL-68(Al)/silicalite-1 membranes evidence the existence of macrodefects. However, no cracks are found when chitosan is used as a linking agent, and the gas flow through the MIL-68(Al)/chitosan membranes clearly follows Knudsen diffusion

Icnología de vertebrados de la facies Buntsandstein de Mallorca

Se describen, por primera vez en Mallorca, hasta cinco tipos diferentes de icnitas y pistas de vertebrados continentales dentro de las facies  cuarzoareniticas y limosas rojas de la facies Buntsandstein del Triásico inferio