2,403 research outputs found
Learning what matters - Sampling interesting patterns
In the field of exploratory data mining, local structure in data can be
described by patterns and discovered by mining algorithms. Although many
solutions have been proposed to address the redundancy problems in pattern
mining, most of them either provide succinct pattern sets or take the interests
of the user into account-but not both. Consequently, the analyst has to invest
substantial effort in identifying those patterns that are relevant to her
specific interests and goals. To address this problem, we propose a novel
approach that combines pattern sampling with interactive data mining. In
particular, we introduce the LetSIP algorithm, which builds upon recent
advances in 1) weighted sampling in SAT and 2) learning to rank in interactive
pattern mining. Specifically, it exploits user feedback to directly learn the
parameters of the sampling distribution that represents the user's interests.
We compare the performance of the proposed algorithm to the state-of-the-art in
interactive pattern mining by emulating the interests of a user. The resulting
system allows efficient and interleaved learning and sampling, thus
user-specific anytime data exploration. Finally, LetSIP demonstrates favourable
trade-offs concerning both quality-diversity and exploitation-exploration when
compared to existing methods.Comment: PAKDD 2017, extended versio
Comparative legal analysis of mediation in Russia and the EU
The purpose of this article is to identify the specifics of mediation procedures, review them as extrajudicial method of conflict resolution. As the methodological basis of the research we use the synergistic, phenomenological and dialectical analysis techniques to examine the main aspects of the mediation as well as identify its principal features.
As a result of the study, the authors concluded that in Russia it is necessary to take into account the international experience of mediation, legislation to support the mediation process and in some cases give it forceful character, to develop cooperation with the courts and notaries with the mediators.peer-reviewe
Evidence for an Excited Hyperon State in pp -> p K^+ Y^{0*}
Indications for the production of a neutral excited hyperon in the reaction
pp -> p K^+ Y^{0*} are observed in an experiment performed with the ANKE
spectrometer at COSY-J\"ulich at a beam momentum of 3.65 GeV/c. Two final
states were investigated simultaneously, viz. Y^{0*} -> pi^+X^- and pi^-X^+,
and consistent results were obtained in spite of the quite different
experimental conditions. The parameters of the hyperon state are M(Y^{0*})=
(1480 +/- 15) MeV/c^2 and Gamma(Y^{0*})= (60 +/- 15) MeV/c^2. The production
cross section is of the order of few hundred nanobarns. Since the isospin of
the Y^{0*} has not been determined here, it could either be an observation of
the Sigma(1480), a one-star resonance of the PDG tables, or alternatively a
Lambda hyperon. Relativistic quark models for the baryon spectrum do not
predict any excited hyperon in this mass range and so the Y^{0*} may be of
exotic nature.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figures, accepted for publication in Phys.Rev.Let
Observation of inverse diproton photodisintegration at intermediate energies
The reaction pp->{pp}_s\gamma, where {pp}_s is a proton pair with an
excitation energy E_{pp}<3 MeV, has been observed with the ANKE spectrometer at
COSY-Juelich for proton beam energies of T_p=0.353, 0.500, and 0.550 GeV. This
is equivalent to photodisintegration of a free 1S_0 diproton for photon
energies E\gamma ~ T_p/2. The differential cross sections measured for c.m.
angles 0 deg.<\theta_{pp}<20 deg. exhibit a steep increase with angle that is
compatible with E1 and E2 multipole contributions. The ratio of the measured
cross sections to those of np->d\gamma is on the 10^{-3}-10^{-2} level. The
increase of the pp->{pp}_s\gamma cross section with T_p might reflect the
influence of the Delta(1232) excitation.Comment: 4 pages + 4 figure
ΠΠΠΠΠΠ’ΠΠ§ΠΠ‘ΠΠΠ ΠΠΠΠΠΠΠΠΠ‘Π’Π Π‘ΠΠΠΠ’Π ΠΠΠΠ’Π Π ΠΠ«Π‘ΠΠΠΠΠ Π ΠΠΠ ΠΠ¨ΠΠΠΠ― Β«ΠΠ ΠΠΠ-2000Β» Π ΠΠ£ΠΠΠΠΠ ΠΠ’ΠΠΠΠ-ΠΠΠΠ‘Π‘ΠΠΠΠΠΠ ΠΠΠΠΠΠΠ
The analytical characteristics of the new Grand-2000 high-resolution spectrometer with BLPP-4000 photodetectors were evaluated. The device was tested as part of the Grand-Potok complex, which consists of a spectrometer and an electric arc facility and is designed to analyze powder samples continuously brought into the plasma atomizer (free-burning arc in air). The characteristics of the new spectrometer were compared with those of the Grand spectrometer, which is widely employed in analytical laboratories. It is shown that the use of the Grand-2000 spectrometer to determine the concentration of elements in geological and industrial powder samples does not lead to an obvious improvement in the results. The threefold increase in the spectral resolution of the new spectrometer reduces spectral influences from interfering elements, but the relative systematic error both decreases and increases for different samples. This may indicate the influence of unaccounted-for factors, for example, non-optimal spectra processing algorithms for this device. The results obtained suggest good prospects for the use of the Grand-2000 spectrometer to determine the concentration of elements in samples with a complex spectrum, but they also indicate the need for further studies to determine the optimal parameters for processing spectra. In addition, the Grand-2000 spectrometer can be used to supplement and refine the existing database of the wavelengths of spectral lines.Keywords: MAES, spectrometer, arc atomic emission spectrometry, spectral resolution, geological powder samples, Grand, Grand-2000Β DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15826/analitika.2021.25.4.009A.A. Dzyuba1,2, S.V. Dodonov3, and V.A. Labusov1,2,3Β 1Institute of Automation and Electrometry, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, pr. Akademika Koptyuga, 1, Novosibirsk, 630090 Russian Federation2VMK-OptoΓ©lektronika, pr. Akademika Koptyuga, Novosibirsk, 630090,Β Russian FederationΒ 3Novosibirsk State Technical University, pr. K. Marksa, 20, Novosibirsk, 630073, Russian FederationΠ‘ ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π° ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π½Π°Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π½Π° Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ Π»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΡ
ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΡΠΌΠΎΠΌ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π΅ Π³Π΅ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠ² ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ Π΄ΡΠ³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ Π°ΡΠΎΠΌΠ½ΠΎ-ΡΠΌΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ·Π΄Π°Π½ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Β«ΠΡΠ°Π½Π΄-2000Β». ΠΠ½ ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠΈΡ Π΄Π²Π° ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°Π»Π»Π΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ
ΡΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ° ΠΏΠΎ ΡΡ
Π΅ΠΌΠ΅ ΠΠ°ΡΠ΅Π½Π°-Π ΡΠ½Π³Π΅. Π‘ΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΡ Π² Π΄ΠΈΠ°ΠΏΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ½Π΅ 190-780 Π½ΠΌ ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΡΡΡΠΈΡΡΡΡΡΡ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΎΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΠΠΠ‘. ΠΠ΅ΡΠ²ΡΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ
ΡΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠΎΡ, Π²ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠΉ Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅ Π²ΠΎΠ³Π½ΡΡΠΎΠΉ Π΄ΠΈΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΠΊΠΈ 2400 ΡΡΡΠΈΡ
ΠΎΠ²/ΠΌΠΌ Ρ ΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΡΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²ΠΈΠ·Π½Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡ
Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π»ΠΎΠΆΠΊΠΈ Π΄Π²Π° ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ°, ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΡΡΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΡ 190β350 Π½ΠΌ Ρ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ 4 ΠΏΠΌ. Π¦Π΅Π»Ρ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΡ β ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠ° Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ° Β«ΠΡΠ°Π½Π΄-2000Β» Ρ Π»ΠΈΠ½Π΅ΠΉΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ² ΠΠΠΠ-4000 ΠΏΡΡΡΠΌ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠ°Π²Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Ρ ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΊΠΎ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΠΌ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠΌ Β«ΠΡΠ°Π½Π΄Β» Ρ Π»ΠΈΠ½Π΅ΠΉΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΠΠΠ-2000 Π² ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π΅ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ° Β«ΠΡΠ°Π½Π΄-ΠΠΎΡΠΎΠΊΒ» Ρ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π΄Π»Ρ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π° ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΠ± ΠΏΠΎ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΠΏΠΊΠΈ-Π²Π΄ΡΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ. ΠΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ° Β«ΠΡΠ°Π½Π΄-2000Β» ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π·Π°Π΄Π°ΡΠΈ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
Π΄ΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΉ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² Π² Π³Π΅ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΈ ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Π°Ρ
Π½Π΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ ΠΊ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π²ΠΈΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΌΡ ΡΠ»ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ°. ΠΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠ΅Ρ
ΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΈΠΌΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌΡ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°Π΅Ρ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠ΅Ρ
ΠΈ ΡΠΎ ΡΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ½Ρ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ², Π½ΠΎ ΡΡΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΊ ΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ, ΡΠ°ΠΊ ΠΈ ΠΊ ΡΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ³ΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ»Ρ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ Π³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠΈΡΡ ΠΎ Π΄ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π½Π΅ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π²Π»ΠΈΡΡΡΠΈΡ
ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ°Ρ
, Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Ρ, Π½Π΅ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π΄Π»Ρ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ±ΠΎΡΠ° Π°Π»Π³ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΌΠΎΠ² ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ². ΠΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·ΡΠ²Π°ΡΡ Ρ
ΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ° Β«ΠΡΠ°Π½Π΄-2000Β» Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
Π΄ΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΉ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² Π² ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Π°Ρ
ΡΠΎ ΡΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ½ΡΠΌ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠΌ, Π½ΠΎ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΡΠΊΠ°Π·ΡΠ²Π°ΡΡ Π½Π° Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π΄ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ² ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ². ΠΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, Π²ΡΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Π° Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ Β«ΠΡΠ°Π½Π΄-2000Β» Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΡΠΎΡΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΈ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ Π±Π°Π·Ρ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π΄Π»ΠΈΠ½ Π²ΠΎΠ»Π½ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΉ.ΠΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π²ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π°: ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡ Β«ΠΡΠ°Π½Π΄-ΠΠΎΡΠΎΠΊΒ», Β«ΠΡΠ°Π½Π΄-2000Β», Π±ΡΡΡΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡΠΈΠΉ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΎΡ ΠΠΠΠ‘, ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅, Π³Π΅ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Ρ, Π°ΡΠΎΠΌΠ½ΠΎ-ΡΠΌΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½Π°Ρ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡDOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15826/analitika.2021.25.4.00
Measurement of the isospin-filtering dd -> 4He K+ K- reaction at Q=39 MeV
The total cross section for the dd -> 4He K+ K- reaction has been measured at
a beam momentum of 3.7 GeV/c, corresponding to an excess energy of 39 MeV,
which is the maximum possible at the Cooler Synchrotron COSY-J\"{u}lich. A
deuterium cluster-jet target and the ANKE forward magnetic spectrometer, placed
inside the storage ring, have been employed in this investigation. We find a
total cross section of sigma(tot) < 14 pb, which brings into question the
viability of investigating the dd -> 4He a0(980) reaction as a means of
studying isospin violation.Comment: Five pages with three eps figure
The energy dependence of the pp->K+ n Sigma+ reaction close to threshold
The production of the Sigma+ hyperon through the pp->K+nSigma+ reaction has
been investigated at four energies close to threshold, 1.826, 1.920, 1.958, and
2.020 GeV. At low energies, correlated K+pi+ pairs can only originate from
Sigma+ production so that their measurement allows the total cross section for
the reaction to be determined. The results obtained are completely consistent
with the values extracted from the study of the K+-proton correlation spectra
obtained in the same experiment. These spectra, as well as the inclusive K+
momentum distributions, also provide conservative upper limits on the Sigma+
production rates. The measurements show a Sigma+ production cross section that
varies roughly like phase space and, in particular, none of the three
experimental approaches used supports the anomalously high near-threshold
pp->K+ nSigma+ total cross section previously reported [T. Rozek et al., Phys.
Lett. B 643, 251 (2006)].Comment: Submitted to PR
BASIC EXPOSURE TIME OPTIMIZATION OF A SOLID-STATE RADIATION DETECTOR IN SCINTILLATION ATOMIC EMISSION SPECTROMETRY
An experimental study of the signal-to-noise ratio in scintillation atomic-emission spectrometry was performed to optimize basic exposure time of the solid-state detectors using as an example a BLPP-2000 photodiode array produced by VMK-Optoelektronika. Obtained dependences of the signal-to-noise ratio on this exposure time confirm the corresponding formula that takes into account the following parameters: the shape and duration of scintillations of spectral lines; the number of photoelectrons generated by scintillations; dark current and background photocurrent; read noise, synchronization mode. Single-channel recording of simulated flashes of a light-emitting diode and simultaneous dual-channel recording of scintillations of the gold Au 267.595-nm line from the injection of powdered geological samples into an electric arc were used. An equation was derived to estimate the optimal exposure time. The calculated and experimental data for the BLPP 2000 array show that the optimal exposure time for recording the analyte microparticles of the size of interest is approximately equal to the length of their flashes.Β Keywords: time-resolved spectroscopy, atomic emission spectral analysis, powdered geological samples, scintillation, multi-element solid-state detectors, detection limit reduction, optimal exposure time(Russian)DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.15826/analitika.2015.19.1.005A.A.Β Dzyuba1, 2 , 3, Β V.A.Β Labusov1, 2 , 3, S.A.Β Babin1. 21Institute of Automation and Electrometry, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation2VMK-Optoelektronika, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation3Novosibirsk State Technical University, Novosibirsk, Russian FederationAn experimental study of the signal-to-noise ratio in scintillation atomic-emission spectrometry was performed to optimize basic exposure time of the solid-state detectors using as an example a BLPP-2000 photodiode array produced by VMK-Optoelektronika. Obtained dependences of the signal-to-noise ratio on this exposure time confirm the corresponding formula that takes into account the following parameters: the shape and duration of scintillations of spectral lines; the number of photoelectrons generated by scintillations; dark current and background photocurrent; read noise, synchronization mode. Single-channel recording of simulated flashes of a light-emitting diode and simultaneous dual-channel recording of scintillations of the gold Au 267.595-nm line from the injection of powdered geological samples into an electric arc were used. An equation was derived to estimate the optimal exposure time. The calculated and experimental data for the BLPP 2000 array show that the optimal exposure time for recording the analyte microparticles of the size of interest is approximately equal to the length of their flashes.Β Keywords: time-resolved spectroscopy, atomic emission spectral analysis, powdered geological samples, scintillation, multi-element solid-state detectors, detection limit reduction, optimal exposure time.Β DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.15826/analitika.2015.19.1.005
Basic exposure time optimization of a solid-state radiation detector in scintillation atomic emission spectrometry
ΠΠ»Ρ ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π±Π°Π·ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ΄ΠΎΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ° Π½Π° ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΠΏΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π»ΠΈΠ½Π΅ΠΉΠΊΠΈ ΠΠΠΠ-2000 ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ²Π° Β«ΠΠΠ-ΠΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ°Β» ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΎ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΈΠ³Π½Π°Π»-ΡΡΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΈΠ»Π»ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΌ Π°ΡΠΎΠΌΠ½ΠΎ-ΡΠΌΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π΅. ΠΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Ρ Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΈΠ³Π½Π°Π»-ΡΡΠΌ ΠΎΡ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠΈΠΈ, ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠΆΠ΄Π°ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡΡΡ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΡΠ»Ρ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ°Ρ ΡΡΠΈΡΡΠ²Π°Π΅Ρ ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΡΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΡ: ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ° ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ Π²ΡΠΏΡΡΠΊΠΈ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΈ; ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ ΡΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ², ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π²ΡΠΏΡΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ; ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΎΠΊ ΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΊ ΠΎΡ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠ½Π°; ΡΡΠΌ ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ, ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠΈΠΌ ΡΠΈΠ½Ρ
ΡΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ. ΠΡΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡ ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ
Π²ΡΠΏΡΡΠ΅ΠΊ ΠΎΡ ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΎΠ΄Π°, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ Π΄Π²ΡΡ
ΠΊΠ°Π½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡ ΡΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΈΠ»Π»ΡΡΠΈΠΉ Π·ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡΠ° Π½Π° Π»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΈ Au 267.595 Π½ΠΌ ΠΎΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΠΏΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ Π³Π΅ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Ρ Π² ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π΄ΡΠ³Π΅. ΠΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎ ΡΡΠ°Π²Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠΈΠΈ. ΠΠ»Ρ Π»ΠΈΠ½Π΅ΠΉΠΊΠΈ ΠΠΠΠ-2000 ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΈ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠ³Π»Π°ΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·ΡΠ²Π°ΡΡ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠΈΡ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΡΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠΎ ΡΠ°Π·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΡΠ° ΠΏΡΠΈΠ±Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠ°Π²Π½Π° ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈΡ
Π²ΡΠΏΡΡΠ΅ΠΊ.An experimental study of the signal-to-noise ratio in scintillation atomic-emission spectrometry was performed to optimize basic exposure time of the solid-state detectors using as an example a BLPP-2000 photodiode array produced by VMK-Optoelektronika. Obtained dependences of the signal-to-noise ratio on this exposure time confirm the corresponding formula that takes into account the following parameters: the shape and duration of scintillations of spectral lines; the number of photoelectrons generated by scintillations; dark current and background photocurrent; read noise, synchronization mode. Single-channel recording of simulated flashes of a light-emitting diode and simultaneous dual-channel recording of scintillations of the gold Au 267.595-nm line from the injection of powdered geological samples into an electric arc were used. An equation was derived to estimate the optimal exposure time. The calculated and experimental data for the BLPP 2000 array show that the optimal exposure time for recording the analyte microparticles of the size of interest is approximately equal to the length of their flashes
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