FISH DISEASE AS A MONITOR OF LAKE WATER POLLUTION

One of the greatest problems that the world is facing today is of environmental pollution. Increasing with every passing year and causing grave and irreparable damage to the environment .potentially harmful substances e.g. pesticides, heavy metals and hydrocarbons are often released into the aquatic environment. When large quantities of pollutants are released in water there may be immediate impact as measured by large scale. Sudden mortalities of fishes and other aquatic organisms. Lower levels of discharge may results in accumulation of the pollutants in aquatic organism. The end results which may occur long after the pollutants have passed through the aquatic environment include reduced metabolism, damage of skin and gills. Current study shows that some of the diseases caused by virus, pseudomonas, flavobacterium resulted from generally adverse water quality i.e., higher than usual quantities of organic material, oxygen depletion, change in pH values and enhanced microbial populations some infections with Serratia and Yesinia may also well reflected contamination of water with domestic sewage e.g. leaking septic tank

A new closed loop speed control strategy for a vector controlled three- phase induction motor drive

This paper presents a completely mathematical equations based model on control of torque and speed of a three-phase indirect vector controlled VSI fed cage induction motor drive that is controlled through the space vector modulated method. This enables a wide range of acceptability of the model for various values of load and for various types and ratings of induction motors. The uniqueness of the model lies in the fact that the deviations in the torque and speed on sudden application of reference step change in speed values are minimum i.e. when any sudden change in the speed reference is desired, the speed and torque waveforms reveal that the time taken in coming back to their final steady state values is very less and the motor overcomes the perturbation with negligible transients. The same is verified through the simulated results

ENDOPHYTES FROM THE AQUATIC PLANT NELUMBO NUCIFERA: DIVERSITY PROFILE AND ACTIVITY CHARACTERIZATION

Objective: Endophytes represent a niche habitat for the study of novel bio-and chemo diversity. Nelumbo nucifera is an aquatic plant that has not been characterized for endophyte diversity. This study was undertaken with the objective of isolating endophytes from submerged and aerial part of N. nucifera, study the diversity profile of the isolated endophytes and their antimicrobial, antioxidant, and siderophore production capacity.Methods: Endophytes were isolated from aerial and submerged parts of N. nucifera on different media (Starch Casein Nitrate, Glucose Yeast Extract, Nutrient and Potato Dextrose agar). These were further characterized for morphology (colony characteristics, Gram reaction), physiological characteristics (carbon, nitrogen utilization) and activity (antimicrobial, antioxidant, siderophore production). After dereplication, twelve isolates were studied further.Results: All endophyte isolates were Gram-positive bacteria, and one was a fungus. Isolate L-300 showed the highest antioxidant capacity (238 AAE g FW-1) and L-201 least (10 AAE g FW-1. Antimicrobial activity was exhibited against bacteria and fungal targets, with 50% endophytes active against both bacteria and fungi. Isolates L-003 and L-207 exhibited activity against Gram-negative clinical isolates as also fungi. Siderophore production was shown by 58% isolates with L-208 showing maximum activity.Conclusion: This is the first report on profiling of endophytes from N. nucifera. Results show that aquatic plants harbor diverse microbial population. Many promising isolates (such as L-003, L-211, L-214 and L-300) have been characterized in this study and results obtained of antioxidant, antimicrobial and siderophore production capacity demonstrate further utility in polypharmacological studies for identifying compounds of pharmaceutical and other industrial interest.Â

Differentially localized survivin and STAT3 as markers of gastric cancer progression: Association with Helicobacter pylori

BackgroundLocalization and differential expression of STAT3 and survivin in cancer cells are often related to distinct cellular functions. The involvement of survivin and STAT3 in gastric cancer has been reported in separate studies but without clear understanding of their kinetics in cancer progression.MethodsWe examined intracellular distribution of STAT3 and survivin in gastric adenocarcinoma and compared it with normal and precancer tissues using immunoblotting and immunohistochemistry.ResultsAnalysis of a total of 156 gastric samples comprising 61 histologically normal, 30 precancerous tissues (comprising intestinal metaplasia and dysplasia), and 65 adenocarcinomas, collected as endoscopic biopsies from treatment naïve study participants, revealed a significant (P < .001) increase in overall protein levels. Survivin expression was detectable in both cytoplasmic (90.8%) and nuclear (87.7%) compartments in gastric adenocarcinomas lesions. Precancerous dysplastic gastric lesions exhibited a moderate survivin expression (56.7%) localized in cytoplasmic compartment. Similarly, STAT3 and pSTAT3 expression was detected at high level in gastric cancer lesions. The levels of compartmentalized expression of survivin and STAT3/pSTAT3 correlated in precancerous and adenocarcinoma lesions. Although overexpression of these proteins was found associated with the tobacco use and alcohol consumption, their expression invariably and strongly correlated with concurrent Helicobacter pylori infection. Receiver operating characteristic analysis of nuclear survivin, STAT3, and pSTAT3 in different study groups showed acceptable positive and negative predictive values with area under the curve above 0.8 (P < .001).ConclusionOverall, our results suggest that overall increase in survivin and STAT3 and their subcellular localization are key determinants of gastric cancer progression, which can be collectively used as potential disease biomarkers and therapeutic targets for gastric cancer.Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/144680/1/cnr21004-Supplementary_Methods_20180313.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/144680/2/cnr21004-sup-0001-F1.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/144680/3/cnr21004_am.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/144680/4/cnr21004.pd

Transcriptomic and metabolomic shifts in rice roots in response to Cr (VI) stress

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Widespread use of chromium (Cr) contaminated fields due to careless and inappropriate management practices of effluent discharge, mostly from industries related to metallurgy, electroplating, production of paints and pigments, tanning, and wood preservation elevates its concentration in surface soil and eventually into rice plants and grains. In spite of many previous studies having been conducted on the effects of chromium stress, the precise molecular mechanisms related to both the effects of chromium phytotoxicity, the defense reactions of plants against chromium exposure as well as translocation and accumulation in rice remain poorly understood.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Detailed analysis of genome-wide transcriptome profiling in rice root is reported here, following Cr-plant interaction. Such studies are important for the identification of genes responsible for tolerance, accumulation and defense response in plants with respect to Cr stress. Rice root metabolome analysis was also carried out to relate differential transcriptome data to biological processes affected by Cr (VI) stress in rice. To check whether the Cr-specific motifs were indeed significantly over represented in the promoter regions of Cr-responsive genes, occurrence of these motifs in whole genome sequence was carried out. In the background of whole genome, the lift value for these 14 and 13 motifs was significantly high in the test dataset. Though no functional role has been assigned to any of the motifs, but all of these are present as promoter motifs in the Database of orthologus promoters.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>These findings clearly suggest that a complex network of regulatory pathways modulates Cr-response of rice. The integrated matrix of both transcriptome and metabolome data after suitable normalization and initial calculations provided us a visual picture of the correlations between components. Predominance of different motifs in the subsets of genes suggests the involvement of motif-specific transcription modulating proteins in Cr stress response of rice.</p

Speed response of brushless DC motor using fuzzy PID controller under varying load condition

The increasing trend towards usage of precisely controlled, high torque, efficient and low noise motors for dedicated applications has attracted the attention of researcher in Brushless DC (BLDC) motors. BLDC motors can act as an acceptable alternative to the conventional motors like Induction Motors, Switched Reluctance Motors etc. This paper presents a detailed study on the performance of a BLDC motor supplying different types of loads, and at the same time, deploying different control techniques. An advance Fuzzy PID controller is compared with the commonly used PID controller. The load variations considered are of the most common types, generally encountered in practice. A comparison has been carried out in this paper by observing the dynamic speed response of motor at the time of application as well as at the time of removal of the load. The BLDC motors suffer from a major drawback of having jerky behaviour at the time of load removal. The study reveals that irrespective of the type of controller used, the gradual load variation produces better results as against sudden load variations. It is further observed that in addition to other dynamic features, the jerks produced at the time of load removal also get improved to a large extent with Fuzzy PID controller.The speed torque characteristics unraveled the fact that the jerks are minimum at the time of gradual load removal with Fuzzy PID controller in place. An attempt has been made to define these jerks by ‘Perturbation Window’

Microorganisms in pathogenesis and management of vitiligo

Vitiligo is an autoimmune skin depigmentation disease characterized by CD8+ T-cell-mediated loss-of-function melanocytes. The role of autoimmunity in the pathogenesis of vitiligo has been well established. However, the exact triggering factors involved in vitiligo development are unclear. The healthy skin microbiome comprises of diverse microbes, including bacteria, archaea, fungi, and viruses; the microbes interact with the immune system and regulate dermatological health. However, recent evidence has suggested the involvement of microbial infections and dysbiosis in the skin microbiome with vitiligo pathogenesis. The changes in the human skin microbiome can play a major role in triggering immune response through various mechanisms such as molecular mimicry, bystander activation, cross-reactivity, epitope spreading, and production of superantigens. Moreover, maintaining the skin microbiome and probiotics-based treatment could lead to novel immune therapeutics for vitiligo. Given the crucial role of microorganisms in vitiligo development, our chapter focuses on the role of microorganisms in vitiligo pathogenesis. Additionally, we will discuss the therapeutic potential of microorganisms in the treatment of vitiligo

Positive Impact of Aachar-Rasayana on Health

The first and foremost aim of Ayurveda - “Swasthasya Swasthya Rakshanam Aaturasya Vikara Prashamanam Cha” &nbsp;is to maintain a healthy state of life and to remain free from the burden of diseases and sufferings so as to accomplish the ultimate goal of human life. To achieve this objective, Ayurveda has advocated certain percepts and rules which can ensure the normal functioning of human body without any hindrance. Ayurveda has suggested schedules of Swasthvritta including Dincharya, Ratricharya, Ritucharya, Rasayana, and Sadvritta as some of the practices and methods that leads to a happy, healthy and long life. In Ayurveda general principles to prevent psychic disturbances, practices preventing psychosomatic disturbances, practices regarding codes of general ethics in diet, behaviour, study, self-control etc. are explained as parts of Sadvritta. True efforts made for the observation of these schedules and conduct give rise to the effects of rejuvenation therapy called Aachar Rasayana that promotes longevity without any attack of diseases. Rasayana is one of the comprehensive disciplines of Ayurveda, which comprises a specialized use of herbs, herbo-mineral formulations, food articles and lifestyle along with self-discipline with social etiquette to achieve the optimum state of tissues that there is least effect of etiological factors on body. A careful analysis of qualities of Aachar Rasayana reveals that most of them are related to Mana, Dhi, Dhriti, along with good conduct. It inculcates the discipline related to mind, character, social, religious and personal life, so as to accord with the happiness and good of the individual and the society as a whole