Incorporating Human Translator Style into English-Turkish Literary Machine Translation

Although machine translation systems are mostly designed to serve in the general domain, there is a growing tendency to adapt these systems to other domains like literary translation. In this paper, we focus on English-Turkish literary translation and develop machine translation models that take into account the stylistic features of translators. We fine-tune a pre-trained machine translation model by the manually-aligned works of a particular translator. We make a detailed analysis of the effects of manual and automatic alignments, data augmentation methods, and corpus size on the translations. We propose an approach based on stylistic features to evaluate the style of a translator in the output translations. We show that the human translator style can be highly recreated in the target machine translations by adapting the models to the style of the translator

Clinical Significance Of DNA Repair Genes Expressions In Neurofibromatosis Type 1 Cases

AMAÇ: Nörofibromatozis Tip 1 (NF1), çeşitli fenotiplere sahip, sık görülen otozomal dominant genetik bir hastalıktır. NF1 hastalarının klinik çeşitliliğinin genetik nedeni sorgulanmaktadır. DNA onarım genleri DNA' daki hataların onarımından sorumludur. Bu çalışmada DNA onarım genlerinin ekspresyonunu ve onların NF1 hastalarındaki klinik önemini nörofibrom, hamartomatöz lezyon, diğer tümörler ya da ailesel NF1 varlığı ile karşılaştırarak analiz etmek ve gen ekspresyonları ile klinik bulgular arasında ilişki olup olmadığını belirlemek amaçlandı. YÖNTEMLER: NF1' li hastalar ve NF1 ile birlikte malignitesi olan hastalar çalışmaya alındı. Kontrol grubu olarak da benzer yaş grubundaki her hangi bir hastalığı olmayan çocuklar ve NF1 ile ilgisi olmayan maligniteli olgular oluşturdu. Çalışma toplam 46 olgu içermekteydi: 36 NF1 hastası (30 çocuk; 6 ebeveyn), hiç bir hastalığı olmayan 8 kontrol olgusu, rabdomiyosarkomlu NF1 olmayan 2 kontrol olgusu çalışmaya alındı. Her bir hasta ve kontrol grubundan periferik kandan mononükleer hücre izolasyonu yapıldı. RNA izolasyonu ve cDNA dönüşümünden sonra, her bir olguda Real-Time PCR ile DNA onarımı ile ilişkili 84 genin ekspresyonu (standart array, SABiosciences) belirlendi. Ekspresyonların kontrol grubuna göre kat değişiklikleri ve T test ile p değeri karşılaştırmalı gruplarda değerlendirildi. BULGULAR: Araştırma grubunu 36 NF1 hastası, kontrol grubunu ise 8 sağlam çocuk ve 2 adet de NF1 ile ilişkisi olmayan maligniteli olgu (rabdomiyosarkom) oluşturmaktadır. 8 kontrol olgusunun yaş ortalaması 17±7,03 (10-30 yaş) (ortanca 13 yaş) idi. NF1 olgularının 17' si kadın 19' u erkekti. NF1' li olgularımız için tanı anındaki yaş ortalaması 10,08±8,86 (9 ay- 38 yaş) (ortanca 8 yaş) iken hastalarımızın çalışmaya alınan ebeveynlerinin yaş ortalaması 40,50±1,22 (39-42 yaş) (ortanca40 yaş) idi. 36 hastanın, 17' si nörofibromlu, 17' si hamartomatöz lezyonluydu. 1 hastada rabdomiyosarkom (RMS) gözlenmiş, 1 hasta meme kanseri ve 4 hasta da optik gliomluydu. NF1 olgularında, PNKP, RAD18, XAB2, XRCC3, XRCC4 ve XRCC5 genlerinin ekspresyonu kontrol grup ile karşılaştırıldığında azaldı (p<0.05, T test). Nörofibromlu NF 1 olgularında, nörofibromsuz NF 1 olgularıyla karşılaştırıldığında POLB ekspresyonu artarken; ERCC3,LIG1,MGMT, MRE11A, MPG, MSH6, PARP2, PRKDC, RAD51B, RAD52, RPA3, SMUG1, TREX1, UNG ekspresyonu azaldı. RAD18 ailesel NF 1 varlığında ekspresyonu azalmış ve istatistiksel olarak önemli olduğu saptandı. Malign tümör olgularında NF 1' li ya da NF 1' siz gruplar karşılaştırıldığında gen ekspresyonunda kat değişiklikleri vardı. Maligniteli olgularda DDB2, MGMT, MLH1, POLB UNG, XPA ekspresyonları arttı. NF 1'li RMS olgusu ile NF 1' siz RMS olguları karşılaştırıldığında DDB2, MGMT, MLH1, POLB, UNG, XPA olmak üzere 6 genin ekspresyonu 10 kattan fazla artmış saptandı. SONUÇ: Bulgularımız NF 1 olgularındaki klinik bulgulardan tümör gelişimini öngörmek için DNA onarım sistemi ilişkili gen ekspresyon değişikliklerinin rolü olabileceğini göstermiştir. POLB nörofibrom varlığı belirteci, DDB2, MGMT, MLH1, POLB UNG, XPA malign tümör gözlenme belirteci olmaya aday genler olarak saptandı. Bu genlerin ekspresyonlarının daha geniş seri NF1li ve maligniteli olgularda çalışılması uygundur. OBJECTIVE: Neurofibromatosis Type 1 (NF1) is a a common autosomal dominant genetic disorder that has a variable phenotype. The genetical causes of clinical variability of NF1 patients is questioned. DNA repair genes are responsible for proofreading the missing in the DNA. We aimed to analyze expression of DNA repair genes and their clinical significance in NF1 patients; comparing exsistance of neurofibroma or hamartomatous lesions or other tumours or existance of NF1 in the family. The other aim of this study was to determine whether any relationship between gene expressions and clinical findings. METHODS: NF1 patients and malignancy with NF1 pateints were included and in this study. In the control gruop children that they are in the similar age group and they have no disease and no malignacy group were included. This study included total 46 cases. 36 NF1 patients (30 children; 6 parents), 8 control cases without any disease, two control cases with rhabdomyosarcoma without NF1 were included in this study. The mean age of control group was 17±7,03 (10-30 age) (median 13 age). In the NF1 pateints gruop 17 of them are female, and 19 are male. The mean age at diagnosis is 10,08±8,86 (9 months- 38 age)(median age 8) for children and 40,50±1,22 (39-42 age) (median age 40) for parents. Among 36 patients, 17 had neurofibromas, 17 had hamartomatous lesions. Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) was observed in one patient, breast cancer in one patient and four patients suffered optic glioma. Peripheral blood was obtained from each cases and mononuclear cells were separated. After RNA isolation and cDNA converting, expressions of 84 genes related with DNA Repair in standard array (SABiosciences) were determined by Real-Time PCR for each case. Fold changes and p values compared with control groups and fold changes evaluated with T test and p value in the comperative groups. RESULTS: 36 NF1 patients, 8 healthy children as a control and 2 cases no NF1 relationship with malignancy (rhabdomyosarcoma) were included in the study group. In NF1 cases PNKP, RAD18, XAB2, XRCC3, XRCC4 and XRCC5 genes were downregulated compared with control group. In NF1 cases having neurofibromas, POLB was over expressed; while ERCC3, LIG1, MGMT, MRE11A, MPG, MSH6, PARP2, PRKDC, RAD51B, RAD52, RPA3, SMUG1, TREX1, UNG were downregulated compared with the NF1 cases without neurofibromas (p<0.05, T test). RAD18 is the downregulated and statistical significant gene for existence of NF1 in the family. There are gene expression fold change differences determined when malign tumor cases with/without NF1 were compared. DDB2, MGMT, MLH1, POLB UNG, XPA are increased.   CONCLUSION: Our results may point toward a role of gene expression changes of DNA repair system to be predictive for clinical manifestations in NF1 cases

Can MRI-induced silastic casing tear be repaired without the need for cochlear implant replacement?

WOS: 000482248500032PubMed: 31200318Silastic magnet casing tear of cochlear implant (CI) due to magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is an uncommon complication. We report repair of a case with magnet dislocation due to MRI-induced silastic casing tear without re-implantation. We believe that this repair method, which has not been previously defined in the literature, will be interesting and guiding

Adsorption of Bovine Serum Albumin Onto Radiation-Crosslinked Poly(Acrylamide/Acrylic Acid)

Scopu

Bilateral Breast Cancer with Neurofibromatosis Type 1 Patient: Case Report

Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is autosomal dominant and it is the most common hereditary disease. This case report is about a woman and her daughter. Both of them are NF1 and mother also has metachronous bilateral breast carcinoma. We analyzed expressions of 84 genes related with DNA Repair by Real Time PCR (AB Applied Biosystem 7000 Sequence Detection System

Comparison of fluoro and cine angiographic modes in coronary stenting procedure: A preliminary feasibility study

WOS: 000345232200085PubMed ID: 25205486X-ray exposure of patient during coronary angiography (CA) and percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) may have some deleterious effects. The radiation dose per frame for digital acquisitions can be 15 times greater than that for fluoroscopy. The number and length of digital acquisition or cine “runs” may be the greatest source of patient radiation dose in interventional cardiology procedures. Last fluoroscopy hold (LFH) is a new advanced feature that dynamically stores only the last current sequence of fluoroscopy images for instant replay, editing and storage in radiography and fluoroscopy systems without the need for operator pre-setting. LFH could reduce the fluoroscopy time to half compared to when it is not used and enables the operator to examine the image as long as necessary for decision making without the use of radiation [1–7]

Comparison of fluoro and cine coronary angiography: Balancing acceptable outcomes with a reduction in radiation dose

WOS: 000362273800008PubMed ID: 25840403Use of last fluoro hold (LFH) mode in fluoroscopy, which enables the last live image to be saved and displayed, could reduce radiation during percutaneous coronary intervention when compared with cine mode. No previous study compared coronary angiography radiation doses and image quality between LFH and conventional cine mode techniques. Methods. We compared cumulative dose-area product (DAP), cumulative air kerma, fluoroscopy time, contrast use, interobserver variability of visual assessment between LFH angiography, and conventional cine angiography techniques. Forty-six patients were prospectively enrolled into the LFH group and 82 patients into the cine angiography group according to operator decision. Results. Mean cumulative DAP was higher in the cine group vs the LFH group (50058.98 +/- 53542.71 mGy.cm(2) vs 11349.2 +/- 8796.46 mGy.cm(2); P<.001). Mean fluoroscopy times were higher in the cine group vs the LFH group (3.87 +/- 5.08 minutes vs 1.66 +/- 1.51 minutes; P<.01). Mean contrast use was higher in the cine group vs the LFH group (112.07 +/- 43.79 cc vs 88.15 +/- 23.84 cc; P<.001). Mean value of Crombach's alpha was not statistically different between visual estimates of three operators between cine and LFH angiography groups (0.66680 +/- 0.19309 vs 0.54193 +/- 0.31046; P=.20). Conclusion. Radiation doses, contrast use, and fluoroscopy times are lower in fluoroscopic LFH angiography vs cine angiography. Interclass variability of visual stenosis estimation between three operators was not different between cine and LFH groups. Fluoroscopic LFH images conventionally have inferior diagnostic quality when compared with cine coronary angiography, but with new angiographic systems with improved LFH image quality, these images may be adequate for diagnostic coronary angiography

ELECTROCLINICAL AND PROGNOSTIC CHARACTERISTICS OF EPILEPSY PATIENTS WITH PHOTOSENSITIVITY

Background - Epilepsy with photosensitivity (PSE) is one of the reflex epilepsy types with pathophysiology still unexplained. In our study we aimed to evaluate the clinical, electroencephalogram (EEG) and prognosis of patients with PSE diagnosis