Genomic alterations in low-grade, anaplastic astrocytomas and glioblastomas.

RIGHTS : This article is licensed under the BioMed Central licence at http://www.biomedcentral.com/about/license which is similar to the 'Creative Commons Attribution Licence'. In brief you may : copy, distribute, and display the work; make derivative works; or make commercial use of the work - under the following conditions: the original author must be given credit; for any reuse or distribution, it must be made clear to others what the license terms of this work are.To extend our understanding of potential stepwise genetic alterations that may underlie tumor progression from low-grade astrocytomas to glioblastomas, histopathologic and comparative genomic hybridization analyses were performed on tumor specimens from 68 primary lesions, including 40 glioblastomas, 10 anaplastic and 18 low-grade astrocytomas. The number of aberrations per case increased towards the higher grade tumors (grade II: 1.66+/-1.49; grade III: 2.80+/-1.68; grade IV: 3.02+/-1.07; F=6.955, p=0.002). A gain of 7/7q was common and the most frequently seen aberration in low-grade astrocytomas, whereas loss of 10q was the most frequently seen anomaly in anaplastic astrocytomas and glioblastomas. Chromosome 7p amplification was only detected in glioblastomas. Chromosome 10/10q deletion and combination of 1p, 19q and 17p deletions were specific to high-grade astrocytic tumors. Sequences of chromosome 7 and 10 seem to have pivotal roles in the biology of human gliomas. The genomic copy deletions of chromosomes 1p and 19q might provide an alternative mechanism in the genesis of astrocytomas

The kinetic analysis of optimization and selective transportation of Cu(II) ions with TNOA as carrier by MDLM system

This study covers the transportation of Cu(II) ions by multi-dropped liquid membrane (MDLM) system and tri-n-octylamine (TNOA) as carrier in kerosene. Batch experiments are held to obtain optimum conditions for the transportation of Cu(II) ions such as volume of donor, organic, and acceptor phase 100 ml, pH of donor phase 9.00, temperature 298.15 K, concentration of H2SO4 in acceptor phase 1.00 mol·L− 1, concentration of TNOA in organic phase 5.00 × 10− 3 mol·L− 1 and rate of peristaltic pump 50 ml·min− 1. Optimum circumstances of this extraction are as follows: pH of donor phase is 9.00, concentration of TNOA is 5.00 × 10− 3 mol·L− 1, 1.00 mol·L− 1 H2SO4 as acceptor phase, and flux rate is 50 ml·min− 1. Cu(II) ion transportation is consecutive first order irreversible reaction. Activation energy is found as 5.22 kcal·mol− 1 (21.82 kJ·mol− 1), this process is called as diffusion controlled system. Selective transportation of Cu(II) ions with alkaline, alkaline earth, and different heavy metal ions at optimum conditions of single Cu(II) extraction was conducted. According to the selective transportation Cu(II) ions with alkaline and alkaline earth metal ions, Na+, K+, and Ba2 + ions are not detected in the acceptor phase, but 12.00% of Ca2 + ions is transported from donor phase to acceptor phase. At the end of the simultaneous extraction of Zn(II), Fe(III), and Mo(VI) with Cu(II) ions, 2.20% of Mo(VI), 0.80% of Fe(III) and 3.60% of Zn(II) are detected in the acceptor phase. © 2016 Elsevier B.V

Prioritizing occupational safety risks with fuzzy FUCOM and fuzzy graph theory-matrix approach

In this study, a new failure mode and effects analysis (FMEA) model is proposed for evaluating occupational safety risks. In the classical FMEA, risk priority numbers (RPNs) are calculated by multiplying the risk scores of the occurrence, severity, and detectability. However, RPN numbers generated by classical FMEA have been the subject of severe criticism in the literature. To overcome the drawbacks of the classical FMEA, this study proposes a new Multiple Attribute Decision Making (MADM) model. The proposed risk evaluation model combines the full consistency method (FUCOM) and graph theory-matrix approach (GTMA) under a fuzzy environment. The risk scores of failure models and the weights of risk factors have been obtained using the fuzzy FUCOM method. On the other hand, the RPN value of each failure mode is calculated by utilizing fuzzy GTMA. Fuzzy GTMA considers all possible dependencies among risk factors, which in turn produces more accurate rankings. The fuzzy judgements of the decision makers are aggregated by using the least squares distance method. The proposed model is implemented in a real-life case study and the failure modes are ranked

Interval type-2 fuzzy development of FUCOM and activity relationship charts along with MARCOS for facilities layout evaluation

This paper presents a new interval type-2 fuzzy (IT2F) multiple attribute decision making (MADM) model for evaluating facility layout alternatives. To this end, The Full Consistency Method (FUCOM) is extended to IT2F sets, and the mathematical model of IT2F-FUCOM is proposed. IT2F-FUCOM method requires a manageable number of pairwise comparisons and can deal with imprecision and uncertainty. Furthermore, the Activity Relationship Charts (ARCs), which are powerful instruments to articulate preferences regarding closeness between departments in the facility design, are also modeled through IT2F sets. The proposed IT2F-ARCs are incorporated into the decision hierarchy as a cost-type criterion, a novel integration between ARCs and the MADM is provided. Finally, the state-of-the-art IT2F MADM method of Measurement Alternatives and Ranking according to the Compromise Solution (MARCOS) is utilized to rank the alternatives. A real-life case study is conducted in order to demonstrate the applicability of the proposed model. (C) 2022 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved

A Study on Accountability Language at the Level of the Primary School

The aim of this research is to reveal how teachers, principals, students, and parents think about and behave toward accountability issues in schools. Phenomenology, which is one of the qualitative research designs was used in the study. Data was collected from randomly selected teachers, principals, parents and students in randomly selected two state schools in Istanbul. Focus group interview was used as data collection method. Separately structured questionnaire was prepared for each group. While creating the questions, literature was reviewed and a pilot implementation was conducted to determine the validity. Data was analyzed through NVIVO 10. Parents hold teachers along with others responsible for learning of students, resolving problems that the students confront and to discipline school. Teachers take student expectations into consideration and accept that they are accountable to the students and parents. Teachers evaluate the role of parents and external stakeholders as threatening.WOS:00043721190000