Scalable Parallel Nonlinear Parameter Optimization Algorithm with Parameter Pools

In this project, we propose a new hybrid algorithm for parameter optimization and implement it using MPI. In particular, we study a scalable parallel nonlinear parameter optimization algorithm with parameter pools for a nonlinear dynamical system called the asset flow differential equations (AFDEs) in R4. We generate time series pairs as proxy to market price and net asset value by using random walk simulation where the volatilities of the time series are similar to that of real closed-end funds traded on New York Stock Exchange (NYSE). When we apply the algorithm by using simulations for a set of time series, we observe that the computed optimal parameter values, average number of quasi-Newton iterations, the average nonlinear least squares errors, and the average maximum improvement factors can converge certain values within corresponding small ranges, after oscillations. Moreover, we tested for 64, 128, 256 and 512 cores using the 512 initial parameter vectors. We achieved speed-up for the time series to run up to 512 cores. The algorithm is applicable for parameter optimization of the related nonlinear dynamical system of differential equations with thousands of parameters as well

Analysis of SuperLU Solvers on Intel® MIC Architecture

Intel Xeon Phi is a coprocessor with sixty-one cores in a single chip. The chip has a more powerful FPU that contains 512-bit SIMD registers. Intel Xeon Phi chip can benefit from the algorithms that operate with the large vectors. In this work, sequential, multithreaded and distributed versions of SuperLU solvers are tested on the Intel Xeon Phi using offload programming model and they work well. There are several offload programming alternatives depending on where to place pragma directives. We find that the sequential SuperLU benefited up to 45% performance improvement from the offload programming depending on the sparse matrix type and the size of transferred and processed data. On the other hand, the partitioning method of SuperLU_DIST and SuperLU_MT generates very small sized submatrices. Therefore, we observe that the matrix partitioning method and several other tradeoffs influence their performance via the Xeon Phi architecture

Tarımsal Destekleme Uygulamalarının Süt Sığırcılığı İşletmelerinde Verim ve Ürün Maliyetine Etkisi: Hatay İli Örneği-Türkiye

Agricultural subsidy is one of the important and substantial issues at this time. Countries are continuing to subsidise agricultural production at varying rates depending on the world’s changing trade rules. Turkey reserved 3,9 billion $to subsidise agricultural production in 2014. In the same year, the amount of agricultural subsidy in Hatay was around 75 million$. The share of the Hatay province in Turkey’s total agricultural subsidy is around 2%. While the amount of subsidy per farmer is 1.779,924$in Turkey, it is 3.490,01$ in the Hatay province. Livestock is one of the important agricultural production sectors, and the share of agricultural subsidy for livestock is gradually increasing in Turkey. In this study, the utilisation level of subsidies in dairy cattle enterprises were examined in Hatay. It was found that 52,17% of the enterprises were growing feed crop, and 25,53% of them were utilising the feed crop subsidy. Milk production of the enterprises which were utilising the subsidy was 5.728,9 lt, the milk cost was 0,38$/lt, and the absolute profit was found as 0,03$/lt. In terms of enterprises which weren’t utilising the subsidy, these values were found respectively as; 5.334,4 lt, 0,44$/lt, and 0,09$/lt. According to the research results, it’s been concluded that livestock subsidies are decreasing production costs and increasing farmers’ income significantly.Tarımsal üretimin desteklenmesi günümüzde güncelliğini koruyan önemli konulardan biridir. Ülkeler değişen dünya ticaret kurallarına uymak şartıyla değişen oranlarda tarıma destek vermeye devam etmektedirler. 2014 yılında Türkiye’de tarımsal üretimin desteklenmesine 3,9 milyar$ayrılmıştır. Tarımsal üretim potansiyelinin yüksek olduğu Hatay ilinde tarıma verilen destek aynı yıl yaklaşık 75milyon$ düzeyinde olmuştur. Hatay İlinin ülke tarımsal desteklerinden aldığı pay %2 düzeyindedir. Türkiye’de kayıtlı çiftçi başına destek miktarı 1.779,924 ilen değer Hatay İlinde 3.490,01$olmuştur. Tarımsal üretimin önemli bir sektörü olan hayvancılık sektörü Türkiye’de uygulanan tarımsal desteklerden almış olduğu pay son yıllarda giderek artmaktadır. Hatay İlinde yürütülen çalışma ile süt sığırcılığı işletmelerinin hayvancılık desteklerinden faydalanma durumu incelenmiştir. Çalışma, anket uygulanan işletmelerden$/lt, mutlak kar 0,03$/lt olarak tespit edilmiştir. Desteklerden faydalanmayan işletmelerde bu değerler sırası ile 5.334,4lt, 0,44$/lt ve 0,09$/lt olarak saptanmıştır. Yapılan çalışma sonucunda hayvancılık işletmelerine yönelik desteklerin ürün maliyetini azalttığı ve üretici gelirini önemli derecede artırdığı sonucuna varılmıştır

Input usage and difference analysis in cotton production: A case study of hatay province– turkey

Cotton has an important place among other industrial products in the world and in Turkey in terms ofholding the largest production area, a high export value, and it being a crucial input in the food and animal feedindustries. Turkey is the 7th largest cotton producer in the world, and the region of Hatay where the researchtook place, has an 11.54% share in Turkey’s total cotton production area. It has a 10.57% share in unseededcotton, cottonseed, and in fiber production in Turkey. The primary data of the study were obtained from 136agricultural enterprises with a 95% confidence interval and a 5% average deviation. In the enterprises thatwere examined, 7,767 tons of cotton unseed were produced in a 14,674 da area in 2016. The average cottonproduction area size was found as 108 da and the share of cotton production in the crop pattern was found as38.20%. In the research area, in order to produce 529.29 kg/da of cotton unseed; 2.6 kg seed, 64.9 kg fertilizer,0.85 lt agricultural pesticide, 40.5 lt diesel fuel, 641.7 kw electricity, and 2.7 labor force (manpower) were used.According to analysis results; there was a statistically significant difference at a level of 5% between small andlarge enterprises in terms of fertilizer, labor force, and electricity usage levels. Despite that there wasn’t anysignificant difference between harvest method (by handpicking or machinery) and yield; this result indicatesthat the enterprises which harvest by machinery gain more income compared to the ones which harvest byhand. There wasn’t any significant difference in terms of irrigation method (surface irrigation or drip irrigation)but there was a statistical difference at a level of 5% in terms of income. In other words, the enterprises whichuse the surface irrigation method gain more income compared to the ones which use the drip irrigationmethod.Pamuk Türkiye’de ve dünyada sanayi bitkileri içinde en fazla ekim alanına ve üretime sahip, ihracat pazar değeri yüksek olan, gıda ve yem sanayinde önemli yer tutan stratejik bir üründür. Pamuk, kullanım alanı genişliği ve farklı sektörlerde sağlamış olduğu katma değer bakımından tarım ürünleri içinde özel bir yere ve öneme sahiptir. Dünya pamuk üretiminde Türkiye 7.sırada yer almaktadır. Araştırma alanı olarak belirlenen Hatay İli Türkiye pamuk üretim alanlarında %11.54, kütlü pamuk, çiğit ve lif üretiminde %10.57’lik bir paya sahiptir. Araştırmada kullanılan veriler %95 güven aralığı ve %5 ortalamadan sapma ile belirlenen 136 tarım işletmesinden elde edilmiştir. İncelenen işletmelerde 2016 yılında 14,674 da alanda toplam 7,767 ton kütlü pamuk üretimi gerçekleştirilmiştir. İşletmelerde pamuğun ekim alanı ortalaması 108 da, bitkisel üretim desenindeki payı ise %38.20’dir. Araştırma alanında incelenen işletmelerde birim alandan ortalama 529.29 kg kütlü pamuk elde etmek için; 2.6 kg tohum, 64.9 kg gübre, 0.85 lt tarımsal mücadele ilacı 40.5 lt mazot, 641.7 kw elektrik ve 2.7 EİGB kullanılmıştır. Yapılan analizler sonucunda; küçük işletmeler ile büyük işletmeler arasında gübre, işgücü ve elektrik kullanım düzeyleri bakımından %5 önem düzeyinde istatistiki açıdan anlamlı bir fark olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Pamuk üretiminde hasat yöntemi ile (elle veya makinayla hasat) elde edilen verim arasında istatistiki yönden bir farklılık olmamakla birlikte, kazanılan gelir bakımından %5 önem düzeyinde bir fark olduğu saptanmıştır. Bu durum, makinalı hasat yapan işletmelerin elle hasat yapan işletmelerden daha fazla gelir elde ettiğini ortaya koymaktadır. Sulama yöntemi (salma sulama ve damlama sulama) ile pamuk verimi arasında, istatistiki açıdan anlamlı bir fark olmamakla birlikte, gelir açısından %5 önem düzeyinde farklılık olduğu anlaşılmıştır. Diğer bir ifade ile salma sulama yapan işletmeler damlama sulama yapan işletmelere göre daha fazla gelir elde etmişlerdir

Overreaction Behavior and Optimization Techniques in Mathematical Finance

Overreactions and other behavioral effects in stock prices can best be examined by adjusting for the changes in fundamentals. We perform this by subtracting the relative price changes in the net asset value (NAV) from that of market price (MP) daily for a large set of closed-end funds trading in US markets. We examine the days before and after a significant rise or fall in price deviation and MP return and find evidence of overreaction in the days after the change. Prior to a spike in deviation we find a gradual two or three day decline (and analogously in the other direction). Overall, there is a characteristic diamond pattern, revealing symmetry in deviations before and after the significant change. Much of the statistical significance and the patterns disappear when the subtraction of NAV return is eliminated, suggesting that the frequent changes in fundamentals mask behavioral effects. A second study subdivides the data depending on whether the NAV or market price is responsible for the spike in the relative difference. In a majority of spikes, it is the change in market price rather than NAV that is dominant. Among those spikes for which there is little or no change in NAV, the results are similar to the overall study. Furthermore, the upward spikes are preceded by one or two days of declining market price while NAV rises slightly or is relatively unchanged. This suggests that a cause of the spike may be due to over-positioning of traders in the opposite direction in anticipation.We propose a mathematical model by combining an implementation of a state-of-the-art optimization algorithm, a dynamic initial parameter pool and a system of nonlinear differential equations to describe price dynamics. Given n-day period of MPs and NAVs from day i to day i+n-1, we get four optimal parameters in the Caginalp Differential Equations. Then, we solve the initial value problem to predict MP and return on day i+n or later. The results of our statistical methods in real data confirm the model. We provide out-of-sample prediction that is more successful than random walk

Effects of air-polishing powders on color stability of composite resins

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of different air-polishing powders on the color stability of different types of composite resin restorative materials. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Thirty cylindrical specimens (15×2 mm) were prepared for each of 7 composite resin restorative materials. All specimens were polished with a series of aluminum oxide polishing discs (Sof-Lex). The prepared specimens of each composite resin were randomly divided into 3 groups of 10 specimens each, for control (Group-C) and two air-powder applications (Group-CP: Cavitron Prophy-Jet; Group-PS: Sirona ProSmile prophylaxis powder). A standard air-polishing unit (ProSmile Handly) was used. All specimens were air-powdered for 10 s at 4-bar pressure. The distance of the spray nosel from the specimens was approximately 10 mm and angulation of the nosel was 90°. Specimens were stored in 100 mL of coffee (Nescafe Classic) for 24 h at 37°C. Color measurement of all specimens was recorded before and after exposure to staining agent with a colorimeter (Minolta CR-300). Color differences (∆E*) between the 2 color measurements (baseline and after 24 h storage) were calculated. The data were analyzed with a 2-way ANOVA test, and mean values were compared by the Tukey HSD test (

Economic Analysis of Cotton Production in Turkey: A Case Study of Hatay City

Among all other agricultural products, cotton has an important place in terms of added value contribution and a wide usage variety in different industries. Turkey was the 7th largest fiber cotton producer in the world by the time period of 2016/17 with a production amount of 703000 tons which provides 3.05% of the total global cotton production. Hatay city is one of the important cities in terms of cotton production. The province holds 10.32% of cotton production areas and provides 10.84% of the cottonseed and fiber cotton productions in Turkey. In the enterprises which were examined, input amounts that were used to produce 5.29 tons Raw cotton were as follows; 26.2 kg seed, 648.8 kg fertilizer, 8.5 lt agricultural pesticide, 404.9 lt diesel fuel, 6417.1 kw electricity, and 26.7 manpower. In terms of irrigation and harvest methods, 71.45% of the enterprises were using the surface irrigation method, and 58.38% of them used the machinery harvest method. Within the research area, subsidy excluded income per unit area was found as 2447.24 USD/ha and subsidy included income was found as 3529.39 USD/ha. It was found that, agricultural subsidies increase the income per unit area at a level of 44.22%, and deficiency payments have the biggest share in this contribution (1052.97 USD/ha)

Investigation of Toxoplasma gondii Seroprevalence in Preeclampsic Pregnant

Objective: Toxoplasma gondii is the causative agent of toxoplasmosis and is a parasite of high medical importance with a wide host variety. Bacterial, viral, and parasitic infections during pregnancy may predispose women to pregnancy complications. Preeclampsia of unknown etiology causes special conditions such as systemic vascular endothelial damage due to insufficient trophoblastic invasion and abnormal placentation. There are data of an association between various maternal infections and preeclampsia/eclampsias. The aim of the study was to compare and analyze the relationship between the presence of anti-Toxoplasma IgM and anti-Toxoplasma IgG antibodies in pregnant women with pre-eclampsia and in normotensive healthy pregnant women who were in the control group. Methods: In this study, 176 pregnant women who applied to our hospital between January 2019 and December 2020 were included. 88 (50%) of the pregnant women had pre-eclampsia and 88 (50%) were normotensive. The presence of anti-Toxoplasma IgM and IgG antibodies in blood taken from pregnant women with pre-eclampsia and control group was investigated using ELISA. Results: Because of the study, both groups were found to be seronegative in terms of anti-Toxoplasma IgM by ELISA. Anti-Toxoplasma IgG was found to be seropositive in 24 (27.3%) pregnant women with pre-eclampsia and 18 (20.5%) normotensive pregnant women. There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in terms of anti-Toxoplasma IgM and anti-Toxoplasma IgG seropositivity (X2=0.289, p>0.05) (p<0.05). Conclusion: Because of the study, no statistically significant difference was found between pregnant women with pre-eclampsia and those with toxoplasmosis. It was thought that further studies should be conducted to discuss the hormonal, vascular, etc. factors occurring in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia of T. gondii effect of preparing the ground for the changes and to reveal the existence of a possible relationship between pre-eclampsia and T. gondii seropositivity

Functional Analysis Of Cotton Production In Hatay Province

Pamuk, kullanım alanı genişliği ve farklı sektörlerde sağlamış olduğu katma değer bakımından tarım ürünleri içinde özel bir yere ve öneme sahiptir. Dünya pamuk üretiminde Türkiye 8.sırada yer almaktadır. Hatay İli Türkiye’nin önemli pamuk üretim alanlarından birini oluşturmaktadır. TÜİK verilerine göre 2016 yılında Türkiye’de 4.160.098 da alanda; kütlü pamuk üretimi 2.100.000 ton, çiğit üretimi 1.260.000 ton, lif üretimi ise 756.000 ton olarak gerçekleşmiştir. Hatay İli Türkiye pamuk üretim alanlarında %11,54, kütlü pamuk, çiğit ve lif üretiminde %10,57’lik bir pay almıştır. Araştırmada elde edilen birincil veriler, Basit Tesadüfi Örnekleme Yöntemine göre %95 güven aralığı ve %5 ortalamadan sapma ile belirlenen 136 tarım işletmesinden elde edilmiştir. Elde edilen fonksiyonda üretim elastikiyeti katsayıları toplamı (??i) 0,976 olarak bulunmuştur. Bu durum ölçeğe azalan getiriyi göstermekle birlikte, elde edilen değer ölçeğe sabit getiriye oldukça yakındır. Fonksiyonda yer alan değişkenler içinde en yüksek marjinal etkinlik katsayıları 13,64 ile tohum (X1) ve 4,18 ile gübre girdisi (X2) olarak belirlenmiştir. Çalışmada Marjinal Teknik İkame Hadleri dikkate alındığında; enerji (X3) faktörüne göre arazi kira değeri (X7) faktörünün ekonomik optimuma en yakın düzeyde (0,98) kullanıldığı sonucuna varılmıştır.Among all other agricultural products, cotton has an important place in terms of added value contribution, and wide usage variety in different industries. Turkey is 8th biggest cotton producer in the World. Hatay province is one of the important cities in Turkey in terms of cotton production area. According to TSI data, in 4.160.098 da of field; 2.100.000 tons of cotton, 1.260.000 tons of cottonseed, and 756.000 tons of fiber were produced in Turkey by 2016. Hatay province has 11,54% of it’s share in Turkey’s total cotton production area, and it’s has 10,57% of it’s share in cotton, cottonseed and in fiber production in Turkey. The primary data of the study were obtained from 136 agricultural enterprises by using the Simple Random Sampling Method with a 95% confidence interval and a 5% average deviation. According to cotton production function analysis results, total elasticity coefficients (??i) was found as 0,976. This situation indicates that decreasing returns to scale, the result that obtained is very close to constant returns to scale. Among the variables that are in the equation, highest marginal activity coefficients were; seed (X1) with 13,64 and fertilizer input (X2) with 4,18. Considering Marginal Rates of Technical Substution, comparing to energy (X3) factor, ground rent value factor (X7) was found being used that closest to economic optimum (0,98)

ISPARTA İLİNDE FOTOVOLTAİK/TERMAL (PV/T) HİBRİT SİSTEMİN PERFORMANS ANALİZİ

Teknolojinin hızla geliştiği ve yaygın olarak kullanıldığı günümüz dünyasında enerji tüketimi artmaktadır. Enerji ihtiyacının ucuz ve çevreci bir şekilde karşılanabilmesi için yenilenebilir enerji kaynakları gün geçtikçe önem kazanmaktadır. Bununla birlikte güneş enerjisinden sıcak su ve elektrik enerjisi üretimi gibi uygulamalar yaygınlaşmıştır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, güneş enerjisinden elektrik üretimi esnasında panel sıcaklığının artması sonucu azalan verimi, paneli su ile soğutarak artırmaktır. Bu amaçla yapılan deneysel çalışmada, PV panelin arka yüzeyine yerleştirilen borular içerisinden geçirilen su ile panel yüzeyinde soğutma sağlanmıştır. Panelin ısısını alarak sıcaklığı artan su, bir su deposu içerisinde dolaştırılarak bünyesindeki ısı depodaki suya aktarılmaktadır. Bu şekilde panelin soğutmasıyla hem PV/T sistemin verimi artırılmış hem de sıcak su temin edilmiş olacaktır. Deney sonuçlarına göre, soğutmalı ve soğutmasız paneller karşılaştırıldığında, sistemin soğutulmasıyla elektrik üretiminde yaklaşık % 35’lik güç artışı ve % 7’lik bir verim artışı elde edilmiştir