Islam y terror

El terrorismo fundamentalista islámico no es un fenómeno monolítico, ya que ha estado protagonizado por múltiples y variados actores. A pesar de su diversidad, este fenómeno hunde sus raíces en una serie de factores de carácter psicosocial y en la superestructura ideológica y religiosa predominante en dichas culturas. El análisis de esta serie de variables es indispensable para poder interpretar el papel y la eficacia del terrorismo fundamentalista islámico en el mundo actual.Islamic fundamentalist terrorism is not a monolithic phenomenon, as its protagonists have been multiple and varied actors. In spite of its diversity, the roots of this phenomenon can be found in a series of psychosocial factors and in the dominant ideological and religious superstructure in these cultures. It is necessary to analyze this entire series of variables, then, in order to interpret the role and the effectiveness of islamic fundamentalist terrorism in the world today

Variables antecedentes de la actitud hacia la reconciliación intergrupal en un contexto de conflicto armado

Background: The concept of Reconciliation as applied to inter-group conflict has come into use only recently. Throughout the history of Psychology, Reconciliation was mostly understood at the individual and inter-personal level. Method: In the present study we shall analyse the roles played by trust, negotiating attitude, legitimacy and ethnocentric attitude over the attitude towards social reconciliation. To this end we studied a group of 188 Colombian civilians living under conditions of real socio-political conflict. Results: A path analysis was performed using the statistical program AMOS whose fit indexes indicate a good fit of the model and a variance of .36. The results show that the variables of trust, negotiating attitude and legitimacy have a significant and positive effect on the reconciliation variable, and significant negative effect on the ethnocentric attitude variable. Conclusions: This study contributes to the integration of a number of variables that facilitate process of social reconciliation, as it explicitly deals with some of the perceptions, attitudes and beliefs which could change the course of a confrontationAntecedentes: el concepto Reconciliación aplicado a los conflictos intergrupales es de utilización reciente. A lo largo de la historia de la Psicología, la Reconciliación ha sido principalmente abordada desde los niveles individual e interpersonal. Método: en esta investigación analizaremos el papel de la confianza, la actitud negociadora, la legitimidad y la actitud etnocéntrica sobre la actitud hacia la reconciliación social. Para ello se contó con la colaboración de una muestra de 188 personas de población civil colombiana que vive bajo las condiciones de un conflicto sociopolítico real. Resultados: con el programa estadístico AMOS se realizó un análisis de rutas cuyos índices indican un buen ajuste del modelo y una varianza de .36. Los resultados aportan evidencia de que existen efectos positivos y significativos de las variables confianza, actitud negociadora y legitimidad sobre la variable reconciliación, y efectos negativos y significativos de la variable actitud etnocéntrica. Conclusiones: esta investigación contribuye a la integración de varias variables que facilitan el proceso de reconciliación social, puesto que hace explícitas algunas de las percepciones, actitudes y creencias a partir de las cuales se podría cambiar el curso de una confrontaciónS

Emociones, ideología y acción política colectiva

Having overcome the prejudice that equated emotion with irrationality, collective action theories are beginning to incorporate emotional variables. Nonetheless, these are restricted to negative ones, fundamentally anger. This is due to the fact that collective action is associated exclusively with protest, when this does not necessarily have to be the case. The aims of the present work are twofold: a) to analyse the structure of emotions with regard to the Spanish Government’s decision to negotiate with ETA; and b) to verify the impact of these emotions and of ideology on the intention to participate in demonstrations supporting or protesting against said decision. The results show that emotions can be organised into three factors: anger, enthusiasm and anxiety. Anger and enthusiasm account for a high percentage of variance in the attention to demonstrate. Ideology, although to a lesser extent, also has a significant influenceDespués de superado el prejuicio que equiparaba emoción con irracionalidad, las teorías de la acción colectiva empiezan a incorporar las variables emocionales. Sin embargo, las emociones a las que aluden se limitan a las negativas y, fundamentalmente, a la ira. Esto obedece a que la acción colectiva se asocia exclusivamente con la protesta. Pero las acciones colectivas también pueden ser proactivas. Por este motivo, en esta investigación nos propusimos un doble objetivo: a) analizar la organización de diferentes emociones en relación a la decisión del Gobierno de España de negociar con ETA y b) conocer la incidencia de esas emociones y de la ideología, en la intención de participar en acciones de apoyo o protesta a dicha decisión. Los resultados muestran que las emociones se organizan en tres factores: ira, entusiasmo y ansiedad. La ira y el entusiasmo explican un porcentaje muy elevado de la varianza de la intención de movilizarse. La ideología, aunque en menor medida, también muestra un peso significativoEste artículo es resultado de una investigación financiada por el Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia de España Ref. SEJ2005-02302/PSICS

Key variables for effective intervention in academic dishonesty

El objetivo fundamental de este trabajo es explorar la importancia de las emociones, positivas y negativas, y la conducta pasada en la intención de llevar a cabo conductas académicas deshonestas más allá de la explicación dada por la Teoría de la Conducta Planificada. Se utilizó una muestra final de 262 estudiantes de la Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, con edades comprendidas entre los 18 y 26 años. Los resultados mostraron que las variables añadidas aumentan de manera significativa la capacidad explicativa del modelo (ΔR² =22%). Esto, junto con la relación que presentan las variables con la intención conductual [emociones positivas (β=.10), conducta pasada (β=.51)], es lo que hace que estas variables adquieran relevancia explicativa en el modelo y nos dote de herramientas necesarias para intervenir y ayudar a mejorar la formación académica de nuestros jóvenesThe fundamental objective of this paper is to explore the importance of positive and negative emotions and past behaviour on the intention to engage in dishonest academic behaviour beyond the explanation given by the Theory of Planned Behaviour. We used a final sample of 262 students from the University of Santiago de Compostela, aged between 18 and 26 years. The results show that the variables added significantly increase the model's explanatory capacity (ΔR² = 22%). This, along with the relationship between the variables with behavioural intention [positive emotions (β=.10), past behaviour (β = .51)], is what allows these variables to acquire explanatory relevance in the model and provides us with the tools necessary to intervene in and help improve the academic training of our young peopleS

Hormonal spawning induction and larval rearing of meagre, Argyrosomus regius (Pisces: Sciaenidae)

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the culture potential of meagre, Argyrosomus regius (Asso, 1801). Trials were conducted in two different facilities in Spain, the LIMIA research centre (Mallorca) and the IFAPA research centre “El Toruño” (El Puerto de Santa Maria). In May 2006, males with free milt and females with vitellogenic oocytes bigger than 500 μm were injected with salmon gonadotropin releasing hormone analogues (sGnRHa). Spawning occurred approximately 38 hours after induction. Fecundity was high with 1.207.000 eggs collected from a 13 kg female at LIMIA in a single spawn. The larval development, growth and morphological changes were described from 0 to 30 days post hatching (DPH). The mean length of the newly hatched larvae ranged from 2.20 ± 0.02 mm (LIMIA) to 3.19 ±0.09 mm (IFAPA). Feeding began on 3 DPH, initial swim bladder inflation was observed on 5 DPH, and metamorphosis was completed on 30 DPH. Growth was very fast and the post-larvae reached 15.11 ± 3.49 mm (LIMIA) and 11.66 ± 0.96 mm (IFAPA) in 30 days Cannibalism was observed from 15 DPH onwards. These preliminary results indicate the meagre as a priority species for the diversification in aquaculture

Determinants of maintenance snuff consumption: extension of the theory of planned behavior

El objetivo fundamental de este trabajo es explorar la importancia de las emociones positivas y negativas, la norma moral y la conducta pasada en la intención de mantener el consumo del tabaco más allá de la explicación dada por la Teoría de la Conducta Planificada. Se utilizó una muestra final de 202 estudiantes fumadores de la Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, con edades comprendidas entre 18 y 25 años. Los resultados muestran que las variables añadidas aumentan de forma significativa la capacidad explicativa del modelo (ΔR2 = 20 %). Esto, junto con la relación que presentan estas variables con la intención conductual [emociones positivas (β = .23); norma moral (β = -.14); conducta pasada (β= .72)], es lo que hace que estas variables adquieran relevancia explicativa en el modelo y nos dote de herramientas necesarias para intervenir y ayudar a mejorar la salud de nustros jóvenesThe main objective of this paper is to explore the importance of positive and negative emotions, the moral norm and the past behavior in the intention of keeping the consumption of snuff beyond the explanation given by the Theory of Planned Behavior. A final sample of 202 smokers students at the University of Santiago de Compostela, aged between 18 and 25 years was used. The results show that the added variables significantly increase the explanatory power of the model (ΔR2 = 20%). This, together with the list presented by these variables with behavioral intention [positive emotions (β = .23); moral norm (β = -.14); past behavior (β = .72)], it is what makes these explanatory variables acquire relevance in the model and we dowry of tools needed to intervene and help improve the health of our young’sGPC2013-017 de la Xunta de Galicia para Grupos de Referencia Competitiva y cofinanciado con fondos FEDERS

Acceptability of Clinical Trials on COVID-19 during Pregnancy among Pregnant Women and Healthcare Providers: A Qualitative Study.

Participation of pregnant women in clinical trials entails challenges mainly related to concerns about the risks for fetuses. We undertook a qualitative study from June to October 2020 to assess the acceptability of participating in COVID-19 clinical trials among pregnant women in Spain. Phenomenology and grounded theory were used as methodological approaches. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 24 pregnant women and six healthcare providers. Women were unsure if pregnancy was a risk factor to acquire the infection or to develop severe disease and expressed the limited information they had received, which led to uncertainties and emotional suffering. They had concerns regarding participation in clinical trials on COVID-19, regardless of the drug under study. Healthcare providers alluded to the importance of involving pregnant women’s relatives at the recruitment visit of the clinical trial. These findings may be useful to facilitate pregnant women’s participation in clinical trials.post-print599 K

Neuroblastoma RAS viral oncogene homolog (N-RAS) deficiency aggravates liver injury and fibrosis.

Progressive hepatic damage and fibrosis are major features of chronic liver diseases of different etiology, yet the underlying molecular mechanisms remain to be fully defined. N-RAS, a member of the RAS family of small guanine nucleotide-binding proteins also encompassing the highly homologous H-RAS and K-RAS isoforms, was previously reported to modulate cell death and renal fibrosis; however, its role in liver damage and fibrogenesis remains unknown. Here, we approached this question by using N-RAS deficient (N-RAS-/-) mice and two experimental models of liver injury and fibrosis, namely carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) intoxication and bile duct ligation (BDL). In wild-type (N-RAS+/+) mice both hepatotoxic procedures augmented N-RAS expression in the liver. Compared to N-RAS+/+ counterparts, N-RAS-/- mice subjected to either CCl4 or BDL showed exacerbated liver injury and fibrosis, which was associated with enhanced hepatic stellate cell (HSC) activation and leukocyte infiltration in the damaged liver. At the molecular level, after CCl4 or BDL, N-RAS-/- livers exhibited augmented expression of necroptotic death markers along with JNK1/2 hyperactivation. In line with this, N-RAS ablation in a human hepatocytic cell line resulted in enhanced activation of JNK and necroptosis mediators in response to cell death stimuli. Of note, loss of hepatic N-RAS expression was characteristic of chronic liver disease patients with fibrosis. Collectively, our study unveils a novel role for N-RAS as a negative controller of the progression of liver injury and fibrogenesis, by critically downregulating signaling pathways leading to hepatocyte necroptosis. Furthermore, it suggests that N-RAS may be of potential clinical value as prognostic biomarker of progressive fibrotic liver damage, or as a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of chronic liver disease

COVID-19 outbreaks in a transmission control scenario: challenges posed by social and leisure activities, and for workers in vulnerable conditions, Spain, early summer 2020

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 community-wide transmission declined in Spain by early May 2020, being replaced by outbreaks and sporadic cases. From mid-June to 2 August, excluding single household outbreaks, 673 outbreaks were notified nationally, 551 active (>6,200 cases) at the time. More than half of these outbreaks and cases coincided with: (i) social (family/friends’ gatherings or leisure venues) and (ii) occupational (mainly involving workers in vulnerable conditions) settings. Control measures were accordingly applied