La carga cognitiva del lenguaje: Convergencia entre filosofía del lenguaje y neuroeducación

La carga cognitiva del lenguaje hace converger Filosofía del lenguaje y neuroeducación, abriendo la posibilidad a una nueva vía de investigación para desarrollar una didáctica de las áreas filosóficas, en la enseñanza secundaria, donde lectura y escritura adquieren una dimensión nuclear dentro de un contexto de aprendizaje activo. Así, se propone una metodología plural, un pluri-método, en el sentido de una caja de herramientas pedagógicas donde existan diversos útiles para abordar de manera dinámica el correcto desarrollo del acto educativo: una síntesis de aquellos elementos metodológicos que son recogidos de los diversos modelos pedagógicos que han ido sucediéndose a lo largo de nuestra historia reciente haciéndolos concurrir con una suerte de pegamento neuroeducativo. En suma, recuperar el objeto de la Filosofía, esto es, los textos filosóficos; y rescatar la escritura, particularmente la disertación, en un intento de simular la actividad filosófica sirviendo como punto de encuentro con la emoción intelectual

La voz alcándara en el Cantar de Mío Cid: cetrería hispanoárabe en la literatura española

El Cantar de Mio Cid recoge en su comienzo la voz alcándara, definida por Ramón Menéndez Pidal como “Percha para colgar la ropa o poner las aves de caza”. Dicha definición ha sido objeto de escasa discusión. El objetivo de esta investigación, concebida como una nota etimológica, es ahondar en el significado y uso originario de este término de raíz árabe relacionado con la tradición cetrera hispanoárabe y sin paralelo en otras lenguas. Desde el punto de vista metodológico se han examinado diversas fuentes documentales históricas que recogen la palabra, atendiendo principalmente a su antigüedad, naturaleza y autoridad. El examen de la documentación refrenda la posición de Nelson (1974) frente a Hook (1979) y los seguidores de Menéndez Pidal, permitiendo restringir el significado de alcándara en el Cantar a un elemento específico del herramental de la práctica de la cetrería. De los diversos argumentos que se presentan en favor de Nelson destaca la fidelidad que ha mantenido la literatura española a su acepción cetrera originaria desde el poema cidiano hasta el siglo XIX, como así atestiguan El Libro del caballero Zifar o La Celestina y autores como Cervantes, Góngora, Lope de Vega, Calderón, Baltasar Gracián y el Duque de Rivas, entre otros.The Cantar de Mio Cid gathers in his beginning the word alcándara, defined by Ramon Menéndez Pidal as “Hanger to hang the clothes or to put the birds of hunt”. This definition has been little discussed. The aim of this research, conceived as an etymological note, is to profound into the meaning and use of this Arabic root term related to the Spanish tradition of falconry and without parallel in other languages. From the methodological point of view have been examined various historical documentary sources that gather the word alcándara, attending principally to his antiquity nature and authority. The examined documentation allows to confirm the position of Nelson (1974) in opposite of Hook (1979) and the followers of Menéndez Pidal, proposing that the meaning of alcándara in the Cantar refers to a specific element of the practice of falconry. Of the various arguments in favour of Nelson is enhanced the notably fidelity that has kept the Spanish literature to the falconry meaning of the word from the Cid Poem to the 19th century, as this prove El libro del Caballero Zifar or La Celestina and authors as Cervantes, Góngora, Lope de Vega, Calderón, Baltasar Gracián and Duque de Rivas, among others

Circular economy through plastic recycling process into 3D printed products: A frugal solution for schools

Frugal Innovation Plastic has a great number of benefits that have made itan essential material in our life,being one of the most used and produced materials around the world,over the past decades. In addition, its manufacturing is even going to increasein the next years. Consequentially, the fact of such a huge production is connected toanenormous waste generation. For this reason, it is important to takecare of the environment through a green concept, circularity and recycling besides alerting the population in order to become awareof this problemand to change bad habits. Circular Economy has emerged as one of the main conceptsthat can bringsolutions on this matterenabling the reduction of the environmental damage. Therefore, 3D printing has emerged as one of the most scalable technologies to implement the concept of circular economy. On the other hand, a successful solution must be affordable in order to encourage to develop these new practices. Within this context, it has emerged Frugal Innovation which intends to provide good results facing financial or operative restraints. The goal of this Master dissertationis based on circular economy concept through plastic recycling(PET bottles)into 3D printed productsin a scholar demonstration. Methodologies are employed with frugal concept as reference, trying to offer an inexpensive solution. Most of the difficulties come from extrusion and filament quality while some of the main results obtained are: avoid glue, take into account the appropriate parameters of the extruder or add a cooling syste

Cooperación, juego y matemáticas: análisis de la aplicación del Tridio Cooperativo con alumnado de primaria

Esta investigación trata sobre la aplicación en aulas de primaria del juego de mesa llamado Tridio Cooperativo. Los objetivos son: (a) analizar las dinámicas de interacción, (b) valorar el nivel de cooperación, (c) analizar episodios de razonamiento matemático y (d) conocer la percepción del alumnado sobre el aprendizaje cooperativo. A partir de una metodología cualitativa, los resultados muestran que el Tridio Cooperativo fomenta la interacción entre todos los jugadores, ofrece un marco potencial (pero no garantizado) de trabajo cooperativo, promueve numerosos tipos de razonamiento matemático y hace reflexionar al alumnado sobre el trabajo cooperativo

Local Rheology Relation with Variable Yield Stress Ratio across Dry, Wet, Dense, and Dilute Granular Flows

Dry, wet, dense, and dilute granular flows have been previously considered fundamentally different and thus described by distinct, and in many cases incompatible, rheologies. We carry out extensive simulations of granular flows, including wet and dry conditions, various geometries and driving mechanisms (boundary driven, fluid driven, and gravity driven), many of which are not captured by standard rheology models. For all simulated conditions, except for fluid-driven and gravity-driven flows close to the flow threshold, we find that the Mohr-Coulomb friction coefficient $\mu$ scales with the square root of the local P\'eclet number $\mathrm{Pe}$ provided that the particle diameter exceeds the particle mean free path. With decreasing $\mathrm{Pe}$ and granular temperature gradient $M$, this general scaling breaks down, leading to a yield condition with a variable yield stress ratio characterized by $M$

Peer tutoring practices in Spanish and Latino American universities

El aprendizaje centrado en el estudiante, tal como proponen las recientes reformas universitarias, recomienda crear ambientes de aprendizaje dónde los estudiantes tengan altas cotas de participación, autonomía y poder de decisión en su propio proceso de aprendizaje. En este contexto, toma especial relevancia la cooperación, en tanto que competencia clave de la sociedad del conocimiento e imprescindible en entornos profesionales de trabajo. La tutoría entre iguales, como una modalidad de aprendizaje cooperativo, donde un alumno más hábil (tutor) aprende enseñando a su compañero tutorado, permite el desarrollo de esta competencia. Este artículo, tras revisar el marco conceptual, trata de identificar prácticas en el contexto universitario español e iberoamericano, publicadas en revistas arbitradas, apoyadas en evidencias e institucionalmente asentadas. Finalmente, para ofrecer un carácter práctico, se seleccionan cinco experiencias para ilustrar los dos tipos más comunes de tutoría entre iguales: de orientación (la más abundante) y académicaStudent-centred learning, as proposed by recent university reforms, involves creating learning environments where students have high levels of participation, autonomy and agency in their own learning process. In this context, cooperation becomes crucial, as a key competence in the knowledge society and in professional work settings. Peer tutoring, as a form of cooperative learning —where a more skilled student (tutor) learns by teaching their tutee— allows for the development of this competence. Grounded on a review of the conceptual framework, this article aims to identify various evidence-based, institutionally seated practices in Spanish and Latin-American university contexts, which have been documented in refereed journals. Finally, in order to offer also a practical side, we relate five experiences which illustrate the two most common types of peer tutoring: orientation (most frequently used) and academi

CEO’s managerial cognition and dynamic capabilities: a meta-analytical study from micro-founded approach abstract

Microfoundations allow the unpacking of processes by which dynamic capabilities are created. Along this line, managerial cognition has been proposed as a variable related to the dynamic capabilities. However, the high number of cognitive variables reported hinders the theoretical contributions. Thus, this study classifies the managerial cognitive variables of chief executive officers (CEOs) into three types of dynamic managerial capabilities: (1) managerial sensing, (2) managerial seizing, and (3) managerial reconfiguration. We estimate the correlation of these managerial capabilities with firms' dynamic capabilities. We use a three-level random effects model to synthesize 101 correlations reported from 2007 to 2021, representing 6,153 CEOs around the world. This meta-analysis reveals a positive relationship between CEOs' managerial cognition and dynamic capabilities, especially with respect to those cognitive variables that support managerial sensing as the perception of opportunities and entrepreneurial alertnes

Comparison of four different programs for the analysis of hemispherical photographs using parameters of canopy structure and solar radiation transmittance

There have been many studies involving the use of hemispherical photographs to indirectly estimate canopy structures and forest light environments. A variety of commercial and free software packages are available for the analysis of hemispherical photographs. The costs of investment might represent an advantage of the free programmes over the commercial, but as yet little has been documented about the differences in their outputs and in the technical applications from a user (ecologist and forester) perspective. The objective of the study was to compare the canopy structure variables (canopy openness and effective plant area index) and solar radiation transmission estimates (direct, diffuse and global solar radiation transmittances) from digital hemispherical photographs taken under two forest canopy conditions (gap and closed canopy) in three different broadleaf forest regions (Chile, Germany, Venezuela) and calculated using four different programmes. The hemispherical photographs were analysed using one commercial (HemiView) and three free programmes (Gap Light Analyzer, hemIMAGE and Winphot). The results obtained revealed that all of the programmes computed similar estimates of both canopy structures and below-canopy solar radiation. Only the results relating to the effective plant area index with an ellipsoidal leaf angle distribution made with HemiView and Winphot deviated significantly. Other user aspects are also discussed, such as costs, image formats, computer system requirements, etc.In vielen Studien werden Hemisphärenphotos genutzt um indirekt die Kronenstruktur und die Belichtungsverhältnisse zu schätzen. Verschiedene kommerzielle und kostenfreie Softwarepakete sind zu Analyse von Hemisphärenphotos verfügbar. Es gibt bisher keine umfassende Vergleichsstudie zu Ergebnissen oder technischer Handhabung aus Sicht der Nutzer dieser Programme (Ökologen und Forstwissenschaftler). Das Ziel dieser Studie war der Vergleich der Schätzungen von Kronenstrukturvariablen (Kronenöffnung und effektiver Pflanzenflächenindex) Solartransmission (direkte, diffuse und Global-Strahlung) aus digitalen Hemisphärenphotos berechnet mit vier verschiedenen Programmen (kostenpflichtig: Hemi- View und frei: Gap Light Analyzer, hemIMAGE and Winphot). Die verwendeten Photos stammen aus drei verschiedenen Laubwaldregionen (Chile, Deutschland und Venezuela) und repräsentieren jeweils Verhältnisse unter geschlossenem Kronendach und in Lücken. Die ermittelten Schätzungen für die verschiedenen Strukturvariablen und Einstrahlungsverhältnisse zeigten eine sehr hohe Übereinstimmung. Einzig der effektive Pflanzenflächenindex basierend auf ellipsoider Blattwinkelverteilung unterschied sich signifikant zwischen den Programmen. Weitere für Nutzer interessante Aspekte wie Kosten, Bildformate, Systemvoraussetzungen und mehr wurden verglichen und diskutiert

Fair weather induced charges and currents on tall wind turbines and experiments with kites

Earth’s atmospheric potential rapidly increases up to few tens of kilovolts below 200 m altitude. This potential drop will induce charge to tall objects at ground by virtue of electrostatic induction. In this work we investigate the induced electric charges in fair weather to a 1.5 MW and 5 MW wind turbines. The effect of rotation is included and the current calculated result in currents of few micro-amps. The production of point discharge and corona is investigated and some experiments are conducted by means of instrumented kites.Preprin