19 research outputs found

    Small firms' strategies in crisis industries : the case of small wine producers in the Languedoc-Roussillon region in France

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    "Ici, les viticulteurs se cachent pour mourir..." tĂ©moigne en 2011 le prĂ©sident de la chambre rĂ©gionale d'agriculture du Languedoc-Roussillon. Notre travail de thĂšse s'intĂ©resse aux choix stratĂ©giques et aux comportements concurrentiels des (trĂšs) petites entreprises dans le contexte d'une industrie vitivinicole en crise de la rĂ©gion Languedoc-Roussillon. Nous avons alors constatĂ© qu'il existe trĂšs peu de travaux de recherche sur l'identification des stratĂ©gies suivies par les petites entreprises dans des industries en crise. Dans notre cadre thĂ©orique, nous nous attacherons donc Ă  identifier des travaux proches concernant les stratĂ©gies dans les secteurs en dĂ©clin ou en dĂ©rĂ©gulation, dans l'hypercompĂ©tition ou encore dans divers contextes Ă©conomiquement difficiles. Plus prĂ©cisĂ©ment, notre recherche tentera d'apporter des Ă©lĂ©ments de rĂ©ponse face aux interrogations toutes en lien avec un contexte de crise caractĂ©risĂ© par une rarĂ©faction des ressources. Quels sont les comportements adoptĂ©s par les petites entreprises et comment expliquer les diffĂ©rents niveaux de performance observĂ©s au sein d'un seul et mĂȘme contexte de crise? Des liens existent-ils entre les choix stratĂ©giques des petites entreprises et leurs performances Ă©conomiques? Quels sont les dĂ©terminants, notamment managĂ©riaux, des succĂšs et des Ă©checs de ces stratĂ©gies? Pour conduire cette recherche, nous avons procĂ©dĂ© Ă  une phase qualitative exploratoire afin d'affiner nos propositions de recherche issues de la littĂ©rature. Nous avons alors formulĂ© des hypothĂšses de recherche que nous avons testĂ©es avec SPSS lors d'une phase quantitative et Ă  partir de questionnaires interrogeant, sur la pĂ©riode 2000 Ă  2007, les comportements adoptĂ©s par 160 caves particuliĂšres de la rĂ©gion. Concernant nos rĂ©sultats descriptifs, ils montrent que les petites entreprises cherchent leur salut dans des stratĂ©gies de spĂ©cialisation et de diffĂ©renciation plutĂŽt que dans des stratĂ©gies de coĂ»ts bas. Nos rĂ©sultats mettent aussi en Ă©vidence que la recherche d'informations et la prospection sont des pratiques qui amĂ©liorent la performance de la petite entreprise en contexte de crise. Ces pratiques sont elles-mĂȘmes renforcĂ©es par la rĂ©activitĂ© et la recherche d'indĂ©pendance du dirigeant. Par lĂ -mĂȘme, nos rĂ©sultats soulignent l'impact du dirigeant sur la performance de la petite entreprise, plus particuliĂšrement Ă  travers sa capacitĂ© Ă  comprendre les nouvelles formes de pression concurrentielle ou encore du fait de sa propension Ă  rechercher une forme d'indĂ©pendance, notamment financiĂšre, en contexte de crise."Here, wine growers hide themselves to die..." said the president of the Agricultural Chamber of Languedoc-Roussillon. This research work focuses on the strategic choices and competitive behaviors of (very) small firms investigated in the crisis situation of Languedoc-Roussillon wine industry in France. First we should state that very few existing research attempt to identify the strategies applied by small firms in a crisis context characterized as times of resources scarcity and a major downward shift in performance trends. Therefore, our theoretical background focuses on identifying related works concerning strategies used in declining and deregulated sectors, in hypercompetition or during difficult economic times. Our study will try to answer some of the following questions, all related to a specific crisis context : What are the strategic behaviors of small firms and how to explain different levels of performance? What significant links exist between small firms' strategic choices and global performance? What are the determinants - and especially managerial derterminants - of strategic success and failure? To conduct this research, we first applied an exploratory qualitative approach in order to refine our research proposals that emerged from the theoretical background. Then we formulated our research hypotheses in order to test them with SPSS software using a quantitative approach. We used primary data collected through a questionnaire survey about the strategic behaviors adopted by 160 small wine producers in the region. Our descriptive results indicate that rather than using cost leadership strategies, small firms attempt to grow through niche and differenciation strategies. Moreover our results show that information search and market prospection are good practices to perform better in crisis context. Those practices are reinforced by the managing director through both its reactivity and search for independence. Therefore, these results underline the impact of the managing director on the small firm's performance, particulary through his/her capacity to understand new forms of competitive pressure and his/her will to search for independence, especially financial independence, in a crisis context

    In a Permanent State of Global Crises Why Do We Need to Elucidate Crises Dynamics?

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    Experts from different domains predict that global crises will occur at shorter intervals. In the domain of public health, Delfraissy and Murgue (2012) named these intervals intercrisis. In my research, I posit that forthcoming decades may face an unprecedented situation of a permanent state of global crises of different natures (financial, health, environmental, geopolitical, still unknown crises). According to Delfraissy and Murgue (2012) the response to a global crisis is mainly the responsibility of national and international public authorities. The preparation of this response with the help of academic researchers during intercrisis period is a key element in the decision-making process of these authorities. This preparation requires a high degree of organisation and coordination of the scientific community, in addition to funding. Following Delfraissy (2017), I posit that international researchers from different disciplines need to be prepared to be “activated” and “projected” within a short time to work together on the next emerging global crises. Very little research work tends toward transdisciplinary research focusing on common dynamics linked to different natures and contexts of crises. Paradoxically, despite abundant use of the word ‘crisis’ and descriptions of numerous particular crises, there is little known about common dynamics inherent in crises whatever their natures and contexts might be. Focusing on the description of crises and emotions surrounding these, people may not have much understanding while facing a unique critical situation. Therefore, the word “crisis” itself is said to be overused, debased, and emptied of its meaning. On the contrary, I do consider that the use of the word “crisis” often expresses predictable dynamics (including different forms of violence) and that the crisis itself needs to be deeply and factually analysed by researchers from different domains. Therefore, the complexity of global crises phenomenon calls for more transdisciplinary research to create knowledge and decipher predictable dynamics. Since 2006, I have been using a very intuitive or even obsessional approach to collect all things related with the word ‘crisis’. I take notes and try to decipher data by comparing crises of different natures and contexts. Since I do consider crisis as an anthropocentric phenomenon, I also consider unconscious or involuntary (self)-destructing process as an important element to be analysed around crisis situation. I take also into account counterproductive logics and actions that may worsen the crisis situation. Moreover, analyses of crises as phenomenon reveal common dynamics inherent to crisis itself despite the nature and the context of crises. My research work may provide original contributions to be taught to transdisciplinary researchers working on a new global crisis and feed decision-making process of public authorities. Keywords: Crisis, Dynamics, Transdisciplinary Research, Decision-Making Proces

    LES STRATÉGIES DES PETITES ENTREPRISES DANS LES INDUSTRIES EN CRISE : Une Ă©tude des caves particuliĂšres de la rĂ©gion vitivinicole du Languedoc-Roussillon

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    " Here, wine growers hide themselves to die... " said the president of the Agricultural Chamber of Languedoc-Roussillon. This research work focuses on the strategic choices and competitive behaviors of (very) small firms investigated in the crisis situation of Languedoc-Roussillon wine industry in France. First we should state that very few existing research attempt to identify the strategies applied by small firms in a crisis context characterized as times of resources scarcity and a major downward shift in performance trends. Therefore, our theoretical background focuses on identifying related works concerning strategies used in declining and deregulated sectors, in hypercompetition or during difficult economic times. Our study will try to answer some of the following questions, all related to a specific crisis context: What are the strategic behaviors of small firms and how to explain different levels of performance? What significant links exist between small firms' strategic choices and global performance? What are the determinants - and especially managerial determinants - of strategic success and failure? To conduct this research, we first applied an exploratory qualitative approach in order to refine our research proposals that emerged from the theoretical background. Then we formulated our research hypotheses in order to test them with SPSS software using a quantitative approach. We used primary data collected through a questionnaire survey about the strategic behaviors adopted by 160 small wine producers in the region. Our descriptive results indicate that rather than using cost leadership strategies, small firms attempt to grow through niche and differentiation strategies. Moreover our results show that information search and market prospection are good practices to perform better in a crisis context. Those practices are reinforced by the managing director through both its reactivity and search for independence. Therefore, these results underline the impact of the managing director on the small firm's performance, particularly through his/her capacity to understand new forms of competitive pressure and his/her will to search for independence, especially financial independence, in a crisis context." Ici, les viticulteurs se cachent pour mourir... " tĂ©moigne en 2011 le prĂ©sident de la chambre rĂ©gionale d'agriculture du Languedoc-Roussillon. Notre travail de thĂšse s'intĂ©resse aux choix stratĂ©giques et aux comportements concurrentiels des (trĂšs) petites entreprises dans le contexte d'une industrie vitivinicole en crise de la rĂ©gion Languedoc-Roussillon. Nous avons alors constatĂ© qu'il existe trĂšs peu de travaux de recherche sur l'identification des stratĂ©gies suivies par les petites entreprises dans des industries en crise. Dans notre cadre conceptuel, nous nous attacherons donc Ă  identifier des travaux proches concernant les stratĂ©gies dans les secteurs en dĂ©clin ou en dĂ©rĂ©gulation, dans l'hypercompĂ©tition ou encore dans divers contextes Ă©conomiquement difficiles. Plus prĂ©cisĂ©ment, notre recherche tentera d'apporter des Ă©lĂ©ments de rĂ©ponse face aux interrogations toutes en lien avec un contexte de crise caractĂ©risĂ© par une rarĂ©faction des ressources et une baisse importante des performances. Quels sont les comportements adoptĂ©s par les petites entreprises et comment expliquer les diffĂ©rents niveaux de performance observĂ©s au sein d'un seul et mĂȘme contexte de crise ? Des liens existent-ils entre les choix stratĂ©giques des petites entreprises et leurs performances Ă©conomiques ? Quels sont les dĂ©terminants, notamment managĂ©riaux, des succĂšs et des Ă©checs de ces stratĂ©gies ? Pour conduire cette recherche, nous avons procĂ©dĂ© Ă  une phase qualitative exploratoire afin d'affiner nos propositions de recherche issues de la littĂ©rature. Nous avons alors formulĂ© des hypothĂšses de recherche que nous avons testĂ©es avec SPSS lors d'une phase quantitative et Ă  partir de questionnaires interrogeant, sur la pĂ©riode 2000 Ă  2007, les comportements adoptĂ©s par 160 caves particuliĂšres de la rĂ©gion. Concernant nos rĂ©sultats descriptifs, ils montrent que les petites entreprises cherchent leur salut dans des stratĂ©gies de spĂ©cialisation et de diffĂ©renciation plutĂŽt que dans des stratĂ©gies de coĂ»ts bas. Nos rĂ©sultats mettent aussi en Ă©vidence que la recherche d'informations et la prospection sont des pratiques qui amĂ©liorent la performance de la petite entreprise en contexte de crise. Ces pratiques sont elles-mĂȘmes renforcĂ©es par la rĂ©activitĂ© et la recherche d'indĂ©pendance du dirigeant. Par lĂ -mĂȘme, nos rĂ©sultats soulignent l'impact du dirigeant sur la performance de la petite entreprise, plus particuliĂšrement Ă  travers sa capacitĂ© Ă  comprendre les nouvelles formes de pression concurrentielle ou encore du fait de sa propension Ă  rechercher une forme d'indĂ©pendance, notamment financiĂšre, en contexte de crise

    Loi Évin, marketing du vin et protectionnisme

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    National audienceDans cet article, nous discutons l'Ă©ventuel rĂŽle positif de la loi Évin comme barriĂšre protectionniste face Ă  l’agressivitĂ© concurrentielle de marques de vin Ă©trangĂšres souhaitant pĂ©nĂ©trer le marchĂ© français du vin.Nous nous interrogeons Ă  savoir si ce rempart que constitue la loi Évin est soutenable dans le temps. La dissonance entre la loi française et la loi europĂ©enne offre un vide juridique dont pourraient tirer parti les groupes internationaux des vins Ă©trangers mais aussi français. En outre, les stratĂ©gies de contournement de la loi Évin mobilisĂ©es par les acteurs du vin, nous montrent que cette loi n’est pas l’unique rempart Ă  l’arrivĂ©e de vins Ă©trangers en France. Le faible succĂšs de ses derniers relĂšverait davantage des spĂ©cificitĂ©s des comportements d’achat des Français que d’échecs ou de difficultĂ©s de communication de ces marques. La loi Évin devra donc s’adapter aux nouvelles stratĂ©gies des entreprises et aux contextes de consommation en France et Ă  l’étranger. De mĂȘme, une trop grande focalisation par les acteurs nationaux sur la nĂ©cessitĂ© d’assouplir davantage encore la loi Évin ne doit pas occulter les stratĂ©gies des grands groupes internationaux ni le protectionnisme Ă©conomique dont tĂ©moignent d’autres pays

    Analyser la trajectoire de dĂ©veloppement d’un e business model en Afrique : Ă©tude du cas de Jumia et proposition d’un modĂšle intĂ©grĂ©

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    This research aims to federate different theoretical backgrounds analyzes of the development trajectories of e-business models to propose an integrated reading model. For this, we relied on the case study of Jumia. We adopt an exploratory qualitative approach based essentially on the collection and analysis of secondary data to verify the relevance of a proposed theoretical model (VIAZ), combining three dimensions identified by previous research: the question of value (V), the process of imitation-adaptation (IA) and the process of internationalization (Z).Through the examination of the development trajectory of Jumia in Africa, our results show a separate relevance of the three components of the VIAZ model as well as its overall coherence. Links are identified between financing constraints, choices of strategic refocusing and international deployment on the one hand, and constraints of adaptation, creation and sharing of value on the other.L’ambition de cette recherche est de fĂ©dĂ©rer les diffĂ©rentes analyses des trajectoires de dĂ©veloppement des e-business models pour proposer un modĂšle de lecture intĂ©grĂ©e. Pour cela, nous nous sommes appuyĂ©s sur l’étude du cas de Jumia. Nous adoptons une dĂ©marche qualitative exploratoire basĂ©e essentiellement sur la collecte et l’analyse de donnĂ©es secondaires pour vĂ©rifier la pertinence d’une proposition de modĂšle thĂ©orique (VIAZ), alliant trois dimensions identifiĂ©es par des recherches antĂ©rieures : la question de la valeur (V), le processus d’imitation-adaptation (IA) et la dĂ©marche d’internationalisation (Z). A travers l’examen de la trajectoire de dĂ©veloppement de Jumia en Afrique, nos rĂ©sultats montrent une pertinence sĂ©parĂ©e des trois composantes du modĂšle VIAZ ainsi que sa cohĂ©rence globale. Des liens sont identifiĂ©s entre les contraintes de financement, les choix de recentrage stratĂ©gique et de dĂ©ploiement international d’une part, et les contraintes d’adaptation, de crĂ©ation et de partage de valeur d’autre part

    SpĂ©cificitĂ©s du processus d’internationalisation d’une firme africaine : Ă©tude du cas de l’entreprise malgache Vidzar

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    Our work aims to identify the specificities of the internationalization process of an African firm through a case study of the international development of the Malagasy group Vidzar, one of the African leaders of Rum. Two objectives are assigned to this case study: taking contextual specificities into account (Jackson, 2013 and Devine and Kiggundu, 2016) and adapting the methodological approach (Kriauciunas et al., 2011). Our results show some specificities in terms of rhythm and sequences of the process and also the management of commercial representations and intermediaries. Our analysis also bears witness to factors of similarities with generic cycles of internationalization. Our results strongly support the contextualized analysis of the international development of African firms. ...
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