In-situ Sample Preparation of Oxidizing and Contaminating Samples for High Quality EDS and WDS Quantification Using FIB-SEM

Energy dispersive and wavelength dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS and WDS) are very important tools in materials research to obtain information about the chemical composition of a sample. A planar and clean surface within a homogeneous material is essential to achieve a proper quantitative analysis with those methods. Often, surfaces tend to contaminate or oxidize very fast under atmospheric conditions. Usually samples cannot be transferred to the microscope without exposure to these conditions. Electron microscopes themselves provide a high vacuum free of contamination. Surfaces prepared with a focused ion beam (FIB) are smooth and sufficiently free of contamination, but are not perpendicular to the electron beam. In this work, an in situ preparation procedure was developed to improve the accuracy of quantitative analytical results using a FIB-SEM equipped with EDS and WDS. For this, the geometric obstacles had to be bypassed to achieve a FIB-prepared surface free of contamination or oxidization, perpendicular to the electron beam and suitable for the analysis

Experimental and thermodynamic analysis of a bottoming Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) of gasoline engine using swash-plate expander

This paper deals with the experimental testing of an Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) integrate in a 2 liter turbocharged gasoline engine using ethanol as working fluid. The main components of the cycle are a boiler, a condenser, a pump and a swash-plate expander. Five engine operating points have been tested, they correspond to a nominal heat input into the boiler of 5, 12, 20, 25 and 30 kW. With the available bill of material based on prototypes, power balances and cycles efficiencies were estimated, obtaining a maximum improvement in the ICE mechanical power and an expander shaft power of 3.7% and 1.83 kW respectively. A total of 28 steady-state operating points were measured to evaluate performance of the swash-plate expander prototype. Operating parameters of the expander, such as expander speed and expansion ratio, were shifted. The objective of the tests is to master the system and understand physical parameters influence. The importance of each parameter was analyzed by fixing all the parameters, changing each time one specific value. In these sensitivity studies, maximum ideal and real Rankine efficiency value of 19% and 6% were obtained respectively.This work is part of a research project called "Evaluation of bottoming cycles in IC engines to recover waste heat energies" funded by a National Project of the Spanish Government with reference TRA2013-46408-R.Galindo, J.; Ruiz Rosales, S.; Dolz Ruiz, V.; Royo Pascual, L.; Haller, R.; Nicolas, B.; Glavatskaya, Y. (2015). Experimental and thermodynamic analysis of a bottoming Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) of gasoline engine using swash-plate expander. Energy Conversion and Management. 103:519-532. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2015.06.085S51953210

Heat Recovery for next Generation of Hybrid Vehicles: Simulation and Design of a Rankine Cycle System

Improvement of vehicle effectiveness thanks to hybridisation are limited by the engine efficiency. In this way, the use of additional energy converters pave the way to a next generation of hybird vehicles.After taking stock of the main sources of recoverable energy of a IC engine, this paper focuses on the Rankine cycle solution. This parametric study relies on a dedicated 0D/1D simulation tool to emphasize the effect of design and operating parameters on heat recovery potential and limitations. So, interactions between working fluid properties, pressure level in boiler and condenser, flow rate, component arrangement and engine operating conditions are discussed

3D CFD Analysis of an Abnormally Rapid Combustion Phenomenon in Downsized Gasoline Engines

Soaring oil prices combined with increased environmental awareness maintain the drive for fuel-efficient and CO2-friendly powertrains. Even if hybrids seem to be the media friendly solution, there is still much work to be done on combustion systems. For gasoline engines aggressive downsizing seems promising and IFP proposes an innovative approach. However, new difficulties arise as specific power outputs are increased. Various combustion phenomena are encountered from simple knock to rumble and must be understood and mastered in order to fully optimize the combustion system. Abnormally rapid yet non destructive and seemingly stable combustion is one of these new phenomena. 3D CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) simulation tools were used in order to investigate and under- stand what lies behind this particular combustion

International film co-production

International film co-productions are sometimes thought of by the Americans as a form of financing providing the U.S. with the ability to sell works to its most important export market, Europe. Europe prefers thinking of it as way to provide its market with works that reflect European culture and ideals. This thesis questions the reality of such a statement, using the examples of the EU, the U.S. and Canada.The author first explains the mechanism of co-production within the framework of a presentation of the methods of film financing. Follows a twofold discussion on the current nature of international co-productions, on both the international and national levels.A considerable portion of this work examines the terms of the debate about the interplay between culture and trade. As an instrument used in the audiovisual industry, therefore strongly connected to cultural industries, international co-production is indeed an ideal model to represent the tensions existing between culture and global trade. This thesis sets international co-production up as a symbol of the interface between culture and trade.Follows a debate on the congruity of the existing global and regional trade agreements for the protection of a culture always weaker in its diversity and propagation. With the prospect of the imminent phasing out of the sectoral exemptions allowed by the GATS, the inadequacy of the NAFTA cultural exemption and current quota policy systems, what would be best to calm down the tensions between culture and trade? Three solutions are discussed here: the New International Instrument on Cultural Diversity; a powerful competitor to the American majors such as Vivendi-Universal, and the technique of co-ventures

Structures et missions des pôles de santé en France. Exemple du Groupement de Professionnels de Santé du Grand Ouest Dijonnais "GPSGOD" (recul d'expérience à 3 ans, analyse et résultats d'éducation thérapeutique sur la prévention des risques cardiovasculaires)

Les réseaux ou pôles de santé sont aujourd hui en plein développement, ils sont au centre des nouvelles missions de santé fixées par la loi HPST. Le GPSGOD est un des premiers réseaux de santé de Bourgogne et commence aujourd hui à servir d exemple dans la région. Créé par des professionnels de santé de la vallée de l Ouche, ils ont pu avec cette structure, trouver de nouveaux outils afin d aider encore plus les patients-habitants de cette région. En 2012, avec un recul de plusieurs années depuis le début des ateliers d éducation thérapeutique, il était important d apprécier les résultats obtenus. Les patients atteints de maladies cardiovasculaires ayant suivi les ateliers ont nettement progressé dans la connaissance de leur maladie, ceci est très satisfaisant pour le GPSGOD, et montre à ses partenaires qu ils ont eu raison de lui faire confiance.DIJON-BU Médecine Pharmacie (212312103) / SudocSudocFranceF

CRYPTOCOCCUS NEOFORMANS DANS LES FIENTES D'OISEAUX (COMPARAISON DE LA CULTURE SUR MILIEU DE PAL ET DE L'AMPLIFICATION GENIQUE(PCR))

LYON1-BU Santé (693882101) / SudocSudocFranceF