18,766 research outputs found
Experimental archeology and serious games: challenges of inhabiting virtual heritage
Experimental archaeology has long yielded valuable insights into the tools and techniques that featured in past peoplesâ relationship with the material world around them. However, experimental archaeology has, hitherto, confined itself to rigid, empirical and quantitative questions. This paper applies principles of experimental archaeology and serious gaming tools in the reconstructions of a British Iron Age Roundhouse. The paper explains a number of experiments conducted to look for quantitative differences in movement in virtual vs material environments using both âvirtualâ studio reconstruction as well as material reconstruction. The data from these experiments was then analysed to look for differences in movement which could be attributed to artefacts and/or environments. The paper explains the structure of the experiments, how the data was generated, what theories may make sense of the data, what conclusions have been drawn and how serious gaming tools can support the creation of new experimental heritage environments
On the effect of the atmosphere on the evaporation of sessile droplets of water
An experimental and theoretical study into the effect of the atmosphere on the evaporation of pinned sessile droplets of water is described. The experimental work investigated the evaporation rates of sessile droplets in atmospheres of three different ambient gases (namely, helium, nitrogen and carbon dioxide) at reduced pressure (from 40 to 1000 mbar) using four different substrates(namely, aluminium, titanium, Macor and PTFE) with a wide range of thermal conductivities.Reducing the atmospheric pressure increases the diffusion coefficient of water vapour in the atmosphere and hence increases the evaporation rate. Changing the ambient gas also alters the diffusion coefficient and hence also affects the evaporation rate. A mathematical model that takes into account the effect of the atmospheric pressure and the nature of the ambient gas on the diffusion of water vapour in the atmosphere and the thermal conductivity of the substrate is developed, and its predictions are found to be in encouraging agreement with the experimental results
Phosphorylation of MCPH1 isoforms during mitosis followed by isoformâspecific degradation by APC/CâCDH1
Microcephalinâ1 (MCPH1) exists as 2 isoforms that regulate cyclinâdependent kinaseâ1 activation and chromosome condensation during mitosis, with MCPH1 mutations causing primary microcephaly. MCPH1 is also a tumor suppressor protein, with roles in DNA damage repair/checkpoints. Despite these important roles, there is little information on the cellular regulation of MCPH1. We show that both MCPH1 isoforms are phosphorylated in a cyclinâdependent kinaseâ1âdependent manner in mitosis and identify several novel phosphorylation sites. Upon mitotic exit, MCPH1 isoforms were degraded by the anaphaseâpromoting complex/cyclosomeâCDH1 E3 ligase complex. Anaphaseâpromoting complex/cyclosomeâCDH1 target proteins generally have DâBox or KENâBox degron sequences. We found that MCPH1 isoforms are degraded independently, with the long isoform degradation being DâBox dependent, whereas the short isoform was KENâBox dependent. Our research identifies several novel mechanisms regulating MCPH1 and also highlights important issues with several commercial MCPH1 antibodies, with potential relevance to previously published data.âMeyer, S. K., Dunn, M., Vidler, D. S., Porter, A., Blain, P. G., Jowsey, P. A. Phosphorylation of MCPH1 isoforms during mitosis followed by isoformâspecific degradation by APC/CâCDH1. FASEB J. 33, 2796â2808 (2019). www.fasebj.or
The strong influence of substrate conductivity on droplet evaporation
We report the results of physical experiments that demonstrate the strong influence of the thermal conductivity of the substrate on the evaporation of a pinned droplet. We show that this behaviour can be captured by a mathematical model including the variation of the saturation concentration with temperature, and hence coupling the problems for the vapour concentration in the atmosphere and the temperature in the liquid and the substrate. Furthermore, we show that including two ad hoc improvements to the model, namely a Newton's law of cooling on the unwetted surface of the substrate and the buoyancy of water vapour in the atmosphere, give excellent quantitative agreement for all of the combinations of liquid and substrate considered
Jobseekers Regime and Flexible New Deal, the Six Month Offer and Support for the Newly Unemployed evaluations: An early process study
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Urban Transformation and Individual Responsibility: The Atlanta BeltLine
We consider the case of the proposed Atlanta BeltLine to shed light on what may be crucial limits to ethical decision making and responsible action in shaping or reshaping the built environment, especially as those limits enter into the lived experience of individual residents of metropolitan areas. Drawing from theoretical sources in the humanities and social sciences, we consider the scope and limits of responsible individual conduct within complex urban systems, and derive insights that may be of value to planners and others who have visions for urban transformation. We will also draw from the ongoing analysis of our survey of Atlanta area residents, for purposes of illustration
Comparing hospital and telephone follow-up after treatment for breast cancer: randomised equivalence trial
Objective To compare traditional hospital follow-up with telephone follow-up by specialist nurses after treatment for breast cancer.
Design A two centre randomised equivalence trial in which women remained in the study for a mean of 24 months.
Setting Outpatient clinics in two NHS hospital trusts in the north west of England
Participants 374 women treated for breast cancer who were at low to moderate risk of recurrence.
Interventions Participants were randomised to traditional hospital follow-up (consultation, clinical examination, and mammography as per hospital policy) or telephone follow-up by specialist nurses (consultation with structured intervention and mammography according to hospital policy).
Main outcome measures Psychological morbidity (state-trait anxiety inventory, general health questionnaire (GHQ-12)), participantsâ needs for information, participantsâ satisfaction, clinical investigations ordered, and time to detection of recurrent disease.
Results The 95% confidence interval for difference in mean state-trait scores adjusted for treatment received (â3.33 to 2.07) was within the predefined equivalence region (â3.5 to 3.5). The women in the telephone group were no more anxious as a result of foregoing clinic examinations and face-to-face consultations and reported higher levels of satisfaction than those attending hospital clinics (intention to treat P<0.001). The numbers of clinical investigations ordered did not differ between groups. Recurrences were few (4.5%), with no differences between groups for time to detection (median 60.5 (range 37-131) days in hospital group v 39.0 (10-152) days in telephone group; P=0.228).
Conclusions Telephone follow-up was well received by participants, with no physical or psychological disadvantage. It is suitable for women at low to moderate risk of recurrence and those with long travelling distances or mobility problems and decreases the burden on busy hospital clinics
AGN-Induced Cavities in NGC 1399 and NGC 4649
We present an analysis of archival Chandra and VLA observations of the E0
galaxy NGC 1399 and the E2 galaxy NGC 4649 in which we investigate cavities in
the surrounding X-ray emitting medium caused by the central AGN. We calculate
the jet power required for the AGN to evacuate these cavities and find values
of ~8x10^{41} erg/s and ~14x10^{41} erg/s for the lobes of NGC 1399 and
~7x10^{41} erg/s and ~6x10^{41} erg/s for those of NGC 4649. We also calculate
the k/f values for each cavity, where k is the ratio of the total particle
energy to that of electrons radiating in the range of 10 MHz to 10 GHz, and f
is the volume filling factor of the plasma in the cavity. We find that the
values of k/f for the lobes of NGC 1399 are ~93 and ~190, and those of the
lobes of NGC 4649 are ~15000 and ~12000. We conclude that the assumed spectrum
describes the electron distribution in the lobes of NGC 1399 reasonably well,
and that there are few entrained particles. For NGC 4649, either there are many
entrained particles or the model spectrum does not accurately describe the
population of electrons.Comment: 8 pages, 2 figures, accepted for publication in MNRA
Decreased EDHF-mediated relaxation is a major mechanism in endothelial dysfunction in resistance arteries in aged mice on prolonged high- fat sucrose diet
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