69 research outputs found
Lâinfinitif en anglais : to et la personne
On a lâhabitude, en anglais comme en français, de distinguer entre des formes personnelles (modes indicatif et subjonctif) et non personnelles (infinitif et participes) du verbe. Or, une telle distinction, fondĂ©e sur la prĂ©sence ou absence dâune dĂ©sinence ou dâun substantif (pronom) indiquant le sujet, implique que la catĂ©gorie grammaticale de la personne est totalement absente de lâinfinitif et des deux participes. Le prĂ©sent article met en question le bien-fondĂ© de cette prĂ©somption, essaie de dĂ©montrer que lâinfinitif fait partie du paradigme grammatical de la personne et examine Ă la lumiĂšre de cette hypothĂšse lâemploi de la particule to devant lâinfinitif en anglais.It is customary in both English and French to draw a distinction between the personal (indicative and subjunctive) and non-personal (infinitive and participles) forms of the verb. While such a distinction is based on the presence or absence of a grammatical ending or a noun (pronoun) denoting the verb's subject, it nonetheless implies that the grammatical category of person is totally absent in the infinitive and the two participles. The author of the present article questions the soundness of this assumption and attempts to show not only that the infinitive does participate in the paradigm of grammatical person but that postulating person in the infinitive throws new light on the use of to with the infinitive in English
Person in the English Verb: the Problem of -s
When one thinks of the -5 ending in English, the first use that comes to mind is probably that in which it expresses the notion of plurality. However the -5 morph is also pressed into service for other very different purposes: as a sign of the possessive with the noun, and as a third person singular marker with the verb. It is this latter use which will occupy us
more specifically here
America\u27s Out-of-Style Pastime
An ethically driven essay regarding the recruiting tactics and methods that have been used by MLB for years to find young, Latin talent. Bringing a light to something that baseball has gone great lengths to keep in the shadows and away from the common fan. This doesn\u27t just create questions surrounding baseball, but overall the silencing of human rights
Pressure-measuring syringe utilizing elastomeric bellows
Thesis (S.B.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 2009.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.Includes bibliographical references (p. 28).Endotracheal tube insertion requires the measurement of very low pressure. Currently, there exists no reliable method or device that is integral with the inflation syringe for measuring this pressure. Thus, a device for quickly and easily reading the pressure was created within the syringe currently used to pressurize the tube. This device takes the form of elastomeric bellows. These bellows were analyzed to determine the optimum geometry for the pressures involved in the procedure. Although no closed-form model exists for this analysis, FEA was used to obtain accurate results. Using the optimized bellows, a complete for-manufacturing design was created. This design concept has received much acclaim from the medical community and has great promise in transforming many medical procedures which require such measurement..by Samuel C. Duffley.S.B
Individuals with Age-Related Vision Loss: Experiences of Learning to Use Assistive Technology
Vision and hearing loss are senescent changes that occur during the aging process. Assistive technology is available that can assist individuals with adapting to this new life world. Technology can be expensive and research has indicated a 24% abandonment rate. Studies have indicated successful implementation of devices have occurred when individuals have a choice in device selection and training.
The purpose of this existential phenomenological study was to explore the experiences of adults with age-related vision loss who learned to use assistive technology. A purposive sample was recruited from a Blinded Veterans Association located in Kentucky. The sample was comprised of seven male veterans with age-related vision loss, who were between the ages of 58-89. Each of these individuals participated in a phenomenological interview, which allowed me to understand the essence of the lived experience of these men.
Four figural themes emerged that characterized the learning experience against a contextual ground of others, body, and time. The themes: âThey take you by the hand and take you through itâ; âlearning to do it in a different wayâ; âI found I can be self-sufficientâ; and âencourage other veteransâ described the process of learning to use assistive technology that began with the instructor at the center and concluded with the veteran returning to his home and sharing his acquired knowledge. Findings from the study indicate the instructors were the guides into the new life-world of a person with a visual impairment. Learning to use assistive technology resulted in maintaining self-sufficiency and independence.
Recommendations for practice for rehabilitation teachers, adult educators, and assistive technology practitioners indicates providing a learning environment consistent with Knowles (1980) assumptions of andragogy may result in successful use of assistive technology, which may in turn reduce abandonment rate. Recommendations for research include phenomenological studies with individuals who elected not to use assistive technology to determine if choice and training were reasons they elected not to use. Finally, instructors who provide rehabilitation training need to be interviewed about the phenomenon of teaching to establish best practices for recipients of assistive technology
What's on your mind is not on your brain- hopefully
The mind-body question is frequently framed in terms of âhow the brain creates the mindâ (Damasio 1999). The goal of this paper will be to contribute to the debate by a linguistic study of the words mind and brain, using data drawn from the British National Corpus, the Oxford English Dictionary, the Corpus of Contemporary American and Websterâs Dictionary. Evidence shows that the folk-concepts of âmindâ and âbrainâ imply the causal priority of the mental over the physical. This converges with the conclusions of Penfield (1966), who proposed that âone might well say that the brain of man is molded by his mind,â a position also defended by Eccles 1994
Anyone for non-scalarity?
This paper examines the status of scalarity in the analysis of the meaning of the English determiner any. The latterâs position as a prime exemplar of the category of polarity-sensitive items has led it to be generally assumed to have scalar meaning. Scalar effects are absent however from a number of common uses of this word. This suggests that any does not involve scales as part of its core meaning, but produces them as a derived interpretative property. The role of three factors in the derivation of the expressive effect of scalarity is explored: grammatical number, stress and the presence of gradable concepts in the NP. The general conclusions point to the importance of developing a causal semantic analysis in which the contributions of each of the various meaningful components of an utterance to the overall message expressed are carefully distinguished
L'Ă©quipe dâaide et de sensibilisation aux opioĂŻdes : un exemple novateur d'Ă©ducation mĂ©dicale et de partenariat communautaire
Implication StatementÂ
The Opioid Awareness and Support Team (OAST) at the Memorial University Faculty of Medicine is a novel student-led initiative designed to supplement medical student learning related to opioid use disorder and the opioids crisis. OAST has focused on grounding educational initiatives related to opioid use disorder in the local community context, working with community partners, and bringing in individuals with lived experience. We present initial findings from an Opioid Education Day that suggest student-led supplemental education for medical students can improve student knowledge surrounding opioid use.ĂnoncĂ© des implications de la recherche
LâĂ©quipe dâaide et de sensibilisation aux opioĂŻdes (OAST) est une initiative des Ă©tudiants de la facultĂ© de mĂ©decine de lâUniversitĂ© Memorial qui apporte un complĂ©ment Ă la formation que reçoivent les Ă©tudiants sur le trouble liĂ© Ă lâusage dâopioĂŻdes. L'OAST s'est efforcĂ©e dâinscrire les initiatives Ă©ducatives liĂ©es Ă la crise des opĂŻodes dans un contexte local en collaboration avec des partenaires communautaires et de faire participer des personnes ayant une expĂ©rience de terrain. Nous prĂ©sentons les rĂ©sultats prĂ©liminaires d'une journĂ©e de sensibilisation aux opioĂŻdes qui suggĂšrent que cette activitĂ© Ă©ducative menĂ©e par les Ă©tudiants en mĂ©decine peut amĂ©liorer les connaissances des apprenants sur la consommation dâopioĂŻdes
Basal Ganglia Pathways Associated With Therapeutic Pallidal Deep Brain Stimulation for Tourette Syndrome
BACKGROUND: Deep brain stimulation (DBS) targeting the globus pallidus internus (GPi) can improve tics and
comorbid obsessive-compulsive behavior (OCB) in patients with treatment-refractory Tourette syndrome (TS).
However, some patientsâ symptoms remain unresponsive, the stimulation applied across patients is variable, and
the mechanisms underlying improvement are unclear. Identifying the fiber pathways surrounding the GPi that are
associated with improvement could provide mechanistic insight and refine targeting strategies to improve outcomes.
METHODS: Retrospective data were collected for 35 patients who underwent bilateral GPi DBS for TS. Computational models of fiber tract activation were constructed using patient-specific lead locations and stimulation settings
to evaluate the effects of DBS on basal ganglia pathways and the internal capsule. We first evaluated the relationship
between activation of individual pathways and symptom improvement. Next, linear mixed-effects models with
combinations of pathways and clinical variables were compared in order to identify the best-fit predictive models
of tic and OCB improvement.
RESULTS: The best-fit model of tic improvement included baseline severity and the associative pallido-subthalamic
pathway. The best-fit model of OCB improvement included baseline severity and the sensorimotor pallidosubthalamic pathway, with substantial evidence also supporting the involvement of the prefrontal, motor, and
premotor internal capsule pathways. The best-fit models of tic and OCB improvement predicted outcomes across
the cohort and in cross-validation.
CONCLUSIONS: Differences in fiber pathway activation likely contribute to variable outcomes of DBS for TS.
Computational models of pathway activation could be used to develop novel approaches for preoperative targeting
and selecting stimulation parameters to improve patient outcomes
Does in utero HIV exposure and the early nutritional environment influence infant development and immune outcomes? Findings from a pilot study in Pretoria, South Africa
BACKGROUND : As mother-to-child transmission of HIV decreases, and the population of infants who are born HIV-exposed, but uninfected (HEU) continues to rise, there is a growing need to understand the development and health outcomes of infants who are HEU to ensure that they have the healthiest start to life. METHODS : In a prospective cohort pilot study at Kalafong Hospital, Pretoria, South Africa, we aimed to determine if we could recruit new mothers living with HIV on antiretrovirals (ART; n = 20) and not on ART (n = 20) and new mothers without HIV (n = 20) through our clinics to study the effects of HEU on growth and immune- and neurodevelopment in infants in early life, and test the hypothesis that infants who were HEU would have poorer health outcomes compared to infants who were HIV-unexposed, uninfected (HUU). We also undertook exploratory analyses to investigate relationships between the early nutritional environment, food insecurity and infant development. Infant growth, neurodevelopment (Guide for Monitoring Child Development [GMCD]) and levels of monocyte subsets (CD14, CD16 and CCR2 expression [flow cytometry]) were measured in infants at birth and 12 weeks (range 8â16 weeks). RESULTS : We recruited 33 women living with HIV on ART and 22 women living without HIV within 4 days of delivery from June to December 2016. Twenty-one women living with HIV and 10 without HIV returned for a follow-up appointment at 12 weeks postpartum. The high mobility of this population presented major challenges to participant retention. Preliminary analyses revealed lower head circumference and elevated CCR2+ (% and median fluorescence intensity) on monocytes at birth among infants who were HEU compared to HUU. Maternal reports of food insecurity were associated with lower maternal nutrient intakes at 12 weeks postpartum and increased risk of stunting at birth for infants who were HEU, but not infants who were HUU. CONCLUSIONS : Our small feasibility pilot study suggests that HEU may adversely affect infant development, and further, infants who are HEU may be even more vulnerable to the programming effects of suboptimal nutrition in utero and postnatally. This pilot and preliminary analyses have been used to inform our research questions and protocol in our ongoing, full-scale study.Additional file 1: Supplementary Figure S1. Sequential gating
approach for the measurement of CCR2 expression by CD14+
monocytes. The sequential gating approached used was as follows: First,
the viable (7-AAD negative; region âViableâ) cells were identified using a
7-AAD vs SS Log density plot. A âViableâ region was created around the
7-AAD negative cells. Gated on the âViableâcells, a SSLog vs FS plot was
used to capture intact cells in the âEâ region. CD14+ monocytes were
identified (âCD14+â region) using a CD14 vs SS Log density plot that were
gated on viable, intact cells (âEâ region). CD14+ monocytes that express
CCR2 were quantified using a CD192 (CCR2) vs SS Log plot. The proportion
of CD14+/CCR2+ cells were captured in the âCD14+ CCR2+â region.
The gating strategy followed to quantify CCR2 expression by CD16+ neutrophils
was similar to what was described for CD14+ monocytes, but instead
of identifying CD14+ monocytes, CD16+ neutrophils were
identified (âCD16+â region) using a CD16 vs SS Log density plot that were
gated on viable, intact cells (âEâ region). CD16+ neutrophils that express
CCR2 were quantified using a CD192 (CCR2) vs SS Log plot. The proportion
of CD14+/CCR2+ cells was captured in the âCD16+ CCR2+â region.Additional file 2: Supplementary Figure S2. Sequential gating
approach for the measurement of CCR2 expression by monocyte
subpopulations. Doublets and debris were removed (Region âKâ) using a
FS Area vs FS Height density plot. A 7-AAD vs SS Log density plot, gated
on âKâ was used to exclude all non-viable cells. Viable cells were captured
in region âViableâ. Viable CD14+ monocytes were identified (Region
âCD14+ Monocytesâ) using a CD14 APC vs SS Log density plot. Monocyte
sub-populations were identified using a CD16 FITC vs CD14 PE density
plot gated on viable, CD14+ monocytes. Four monocyte sub-populations
were identified: CD14+/CD16-; CD14++/CD16-; CD14+/CD16+; and
CD14++/CD16+. The percentage CCR2+ monocytes present in each of
the respective monocyte sub-populations were identified using CD195
(CCR2) PE vs SS Log two-parameter plots gated on the respective subpopulations.
The overlay plots within the black bordered square indicates
the strategy used to determine CCR2 expression of the different monocyte
subsets. The negative/positive staining boundaries were determined
based on the negative expression of CCR2 by CD16++/CD14- neutrophils
(indicated in red in the overlay plots). The CCR2+ populations are indicated
in blue.Additional file 3: Supplementary Figure S3. Maternal intake of
estimated average requirements for macronutrients, vitamins and
minerals for mothers who report on household food security
circumstances. Maternal reports of food insecurity did not associate with
intake levels of macronutrients or minerals. Maternal reports of
experiencing food runout or inability to afford balanced meals associated
with lower intake of vitamin B12 (p=0.01; p=0.04). Many women,
irrespective of food security reports, are at risk of inadequate
macronutrient, vitamin and mineral intakes. Percent intake of EARs for 36
nutrients were calculated for lactating women 14-18, 19-30 or 31-50 years
of age [37]. Calculations for EAR for total protein considered maternal
weight at time of dietary recall. Data are % intake of EAR reported in maternal
dietary recall for macronutrients, *p<0.05 [ANOVA for normal distribution/
equal variance; Kruskal-Wallis/Wilcoxon test for nonparametric
data; or Welchâs test for normal data/unequal variance]). CHO =
carbohydrates.Additional file 4: Supplementary Figure S4. Cooccurrence of maternal
HIV and food insecurity may increase risk of stunting at birth. Amongst
infants whose mothers report worrying about food runout, risk of
stunting at birth is greater for HEU compared to HUU infants (e; RR=4.90
[0.76, 31.5], ARD=0.56 [0.17, 0.94], p=0.0498). The red line represents the
proportion of infants who had stunting at birth or 12 weeks PP. Mosaic
plots are proportion (%) of HUU or HEU infants who have stunting (<-2
SD length-for-age standardised according to WHO child growth standards
[28]) at birth and 12 weeks old. HUU = HIV-unexposed, uninfected
infant; HEU = HIV-exposed, uninfected infant. RR = Relative risk. ARD =
Absolute risk difference.Additional file 5: Supplementary Figure S5. Food insecurity may
associate with low attainment of GMCD milestones for HUU and HEU
infants. Infants whose mothers reported household food insecurity did
not attain 1-3 month GMCD milestones (A, C, E) for receptive language,
large movement, relating and response behaviour or play activities, or 3-5
month GMCD milestones (B, D, F) for fine movement or relating and response
behaviour in the same proportion as the international
standardization sample. Maternal reports of food insecurity did not associate
with risk of not attaining all 1-3 month or 3-5 month GMCD milestones
(A-F, [p>0.05], Fisherâs exact 2-Tail). Data are proportion (%) of
infants who attained all age-appropriate GMCD milestones. The horizontal
dotted line represents the GMCD standardised international sample proportion
(85%) of infants who attained all milestones in that age category,
when they were in that age range. The numbers underneath the bars
represent the number of infants attaining all milestones for each milestone.
GMCD = Guide for monitoring child development; HUU = HIVunexposed,
uninfected infant; HEU = HIVexposed, uninfected infant.Additional file 6: Supplementary Table S1. Flow cytometry reagent
list (including lasers and detectors used). Supplementary Table S2.
Flow cytometry compensation matrix. Supplementary Table S3.
Maternal nutrient intakes from one 24-hour dietary recall for mothers
with and without HIV who attended follow up. Supplementary Table
S4. Maternal nutrient intake from one 24-hour dietary recall for mothers
who report experiencing food insecurity compared to those who do not
experience food insecurity.The Collaborative Initiative for Paediatric HIV Education and Research (CIPHER); the Faculty of Science, Carleton University; the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR); a Canadian Graduate Scholarship-Masterâs and a Michael Smith Foreign Study Supplement from CIHR.https://pilotfeasibilitystudies.biomedcentral.comam2021ImmunologyObstetrics and GynaecologyPaediatrics and Child Healt
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