Actualización de la distribución geográfica de la serpiente índigo Drymarchon corais (Boie, 1827) en la Amazonía Ecuatoriana

We present the update of the geographical distribution of the indigo snake Drymarchon corais in the Ecuadorian Amazon. The data presented was obtained from the review of historical records, collection of specimens in the field, review of specimens in zoological collections, information from field researchers, and review of open access databases. Our study shows the presence of the species in localities and in altitudinal ranges that were previously unknown. In addition, we present natural history data that allow us to expand our knowledge of the ecology of the species.Presentamos la actualización de la distribución geográfica de la serpiente índigo Drymarchon corais en la Amazonía ecuatoriana. Los datos presentados fueron obtenidos de la revisión de registros históricos, colección de especímenes en campo, revisión de especímenes en colecciones zoológicas, información de investigadores de campo y revisión de bases de datos de libre acceso. Nuestro estudio evidencia la presencia de la especie en localidades y en rangos altitudinales que anteriormente eran desconocidos. Además, presentamos datos de historia natural que permiten ampliar el conocimiento de la ecología de especie

Primer registro de la salamanquesa asiática <i>Hemidactylus frenatus</i> Duméril & Bibron, 1834 (Sauria: Gekkonidae) en la Cordillera del Cóndor, Zamora Chinchipe, Ecuador

Hemidactylus frenatus (Duméril & Bibron, 1834) es una lagartija nocturna, invasiva, relacionada a asentamientos humanos y áreas intervenidas (Savage, 2002; Zug et al., 2007; Roll, 2001), nativa de la región tropical de Asia y del Indo-Pacífico (Case et al., 1994). No obstante, debido a su carácter invasivo, las poblaciones de H. frenatus se encuentran actualmente distribuidas en diferentes regiones del planeta, desde los países del este de África, Madagascar, varias del Pacífico sur, Hawaii y hasta el Hemisferio occidental, incluidos varios países en la región Neotropical (Powell et al., 1998; Rödder et al., 2008; Jadin et al., 2009).Asociación Herpetológica Argentin

Primer registro de la salamanquesa asiática <i>Hemidactylus frenatus</i> Duméril & Bibron, 1834 (Sauria: Gekkonidae) en la Cordillera del Cóndor, Zamora Chinchipe, Ecuador

Hemidactylus frenatus (Duméril & Bibron, 1834) es una lagartija nocturna, invasiva, relacionada a asentamientos humanos y áreas intervenidas (Savage, 2002; Zug et al., 2007; Roll, 2001), nativa de la región tropical de Asia y del Indo-Pacífico (Case et al., 1994). No obstante, debido a su carácter invasivo, las poblaciones de H. frenatus se encuentran actualmente distribuidas en diferentes regiones del planeta, desde los países del este de África, Madagascar, varias del Pacífico sur, Hawaii y hasta el Hemisferio occidental, incluidos varios países en la región Neotropical (Powell et al., 1998; Rödder et al., 2008; Jadin et al., 2009).Asociación Herpetológica Argentin

Primer registro de la salamanquesa asiática <i>Hemidactylus frenatus</i> Duméril & Bibron, 1834 (Sauria: Gekkonidae) en la Cordillera del Cóndor, Zamora Chinchipe, Ecuador

Hemidactylus frenatus (Duméril & Bibron, 1834) es una lagartija nocturna, invasiva, relacionada a asentamientos humanos y áreas intervenidas (Savage, 2002; Zug et al., 2007; Roll, 2001), nativa de la región tropical de Asia y del Indo-Pacífico (Case et al., 1994). No obstante, debido a su carácter invasivo, las poblaciones de H. frenatus se encuentran actualmente distribuidas en diferentes regiones del planeta, desde los países del este de África, Madagascar, varias del Pacífico sur, Hawaii y hasta el Hemisferio occidental, incluidos varios países en la región Neotropical (Powell et al., 1998; Rödder et al., 2008; Jadin et al., 2009).Asociación Herpetológica Argentin

El hepatocarcinoma en la Comunidad Foral de Navarra: estudio de características y evolución en la práctica clínica habitual

Fundamento. El hepatocarcinoma asienta generalmente sobre una cirrosis hepática. El cribado pretende mejorar la supervivencia. Los objetivos de nuestro trabajo son conocer las características del hepatocarcinoma, su evolución y la influencia del cribado en su supervivencia, en la práctica clínica en Navarra. Material y Métodos. Estudio prospectivo y retrospectivo de 111 pacientes diagnosticados de hepatocarcinoma en hospitales públicos navarros, entre enero de 2009 y enero de 2015. Se analizaron características epidemiológicas, clínicas, analíticas, radiológicas, estadio tumoral, tratamiento y evolución, y el efecto del cribado. Resultados. El 84,7% de los pacientes eran varones. La edad media fue 67 años. El 85,6% tenían cirrosis. La etiología más frecuente fue la enólica (40,7%). El 62,2% se diagnosticó en estadios tempranos, el 15,3% en intermedio y el 22,5% en avanzado o terminal. El 4,5% se trató mediante trasplante, el 21,6% con resección, el 23,4% mediante ablación, el 10,8% con quimioembolización, el 5,4% con radiembolización, el 2,7% con embolización, el 13,5% con sorafenib y el 18% de modo sintomático. Solamente 32 pacientes (28,8%) realizaban cribado. No se han encontrado diferencias significativas en la supervivencia según la realización de cribado (mediana de 32 y 34 meses; p = 0,971). Conclusiones. En Navarra, el hepatocarcinoma se desarrolla generalmente sobre una cirrosis, cuya etiología más frecuente es el consumo de alcohol. El hepatocarcinoma se ha diagnosticado con más frecuencia en estadios iniciales, fuera de cribado. El cribado no ha mejorado la supervivencia.Background. Hepatocellular carcinoma generally arises in a cirrhotic liver. The aim of screening is to improve survival. The aims of our study are to determine the characteristics and evolution of hepatocellular carcinoma and the effect of screening on survival, in clinical practice in Navarre. Methods. Prospective and retrospective study of 111 patients diagnosed with hepatocellular carcinoma in public hospitals in Navarre between January 2009 and January 2015. Epidemiological, clinical, analytical, radiological characteristics, tumour staging, treatment and evolution were analyzed. Survival was compared between patients subjected to screening and those not. Results. Mean age was 67 years. The patients (84.7%) were mainly male and 85.6% had cirrhosis. The most frequent aetiology was alcohol consumption (40.7%). 62.2% were diagnosed in early stages, 15.3% in intermediate and 22.5 % in advanced or terminal stages. 4.5% received transplants, 21.6% received surgical resection, 23.4% were treated with ablation techniques, 10.8 % with chemoembolization, 5.4% with radiembolization, 2.7% with embolization, 13.5 % with sorafenib and 18% symptomatically. Only 32 patients (28.8%) were subjected to screening. No statistical differences were found in survival depending on surveillance (32 month versus 34; p = 0.971). Conclusions. In Navarre, hepatocellular carcinoma generally appears against a background of cirrhosis, and alcohol is the most frequent aetiology. Hepatocellular carcinoma is diagnosed most frequently in early stages and out of screening practices. Screening was not associated to better survival

Age determination procedures on small and medium pelagic species in Spanish Institute of Oceanography (IEO)

This handbook presents a summary of the age estimation procedures used in Spanish Institute of Oceanography (IEO) for some of the main commercial small and medium pelagic species of the Spanish fleet: anchovy (Engraulis encrasicolus), sardine (Sardina pichardus), mackerel (Scomber scombrus), chuck mackerel (Scomber colias), horse mackerel (Trachurus trachurus), Mediterranean horse mackerel (Trachurus mediterraneus) and blue whiting (Micromesistius poutassou). It provides information about the sampling program, otolith extraction and preparation, and the age estimation criteria. A summary of the information related to the age accuracy, validation and corroboration of each species is also presented, as well as that related to the age precision, quality control and verification

Inhibition of inflammatory signaling in Pax5 mutant cells mitigates B-cell leukemogenesis

Altres ajuts: We would like to thank the "Fundación Ramón Areces," a Research Contract with the "Fundación Síndrome de Wolf-Hirschhorn o 4p-", and institutional grants from the "Fundación Ramón Areces" and "Banco de Santander" to the CBMSO. Research in the ISG group is partially supported by by Junta de Castilla y León (UIC-017, CSI001U16, and CSI234P18), and by the German Jose Carreras Foundation (DJCLS R13/26; DJCLS 07R/2019). AC-G and M.I.-H. are supported by FSE-Conserjería de Educación de la Junta de Castilla y León 2019 and 2020 (ESF- European Social Fund) fellowship, respectively. J.R.-G. is supported by a scholarship from University of Salamanca co-financed by Banco Santander and ESF.PAX5 is one of the most frequently mutated genes in B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL), and children with inherited preleukemic PAX5 mutations are at a higher risk of developing the disease. Abnormal profiles of inflammatory markers have been detected in neonatal blood spot samples of children who later developed B-ALL. However, how inflammatory signals contribute to B-ALL development is unclear. Here, we demonstrate that Pax5 heterozygosis, in the presence of infections, results in the enhanced production of the inflammatory cytokine interleukin-6 (IL-6), which appears to act in an autocrine fashion to promote leukemia growth. Furthermore, in vivo genetic downregulation of IL-6 in these Pax5 heterozygous mice retards B-cell leukemogenesis, and in vivo pharmacologic inhibition of IL-6 with a neutralizing antibody in Pax5 mutant mice with B-ALL clears leukemic cells. Additionally, this novel IL-6 signaling paradigm identified in mice was also substantiated in humans. Altogether, our studies establish aberrant IL6 expression caused by Pax5 loss as a hallmark of Pax5-dependent B-ALL and the IL6 as a therapeutic vulnerability for B-ALL characterized by PAX5 loss

Postnatal Proteasome Inhibition Induces Neurodegeneration and Cognitive Deficiencies in Adult Mice: A New Model of Neurodevelopment Syndrome

Defects in the ubiquitin-proteasome system have been related to aging and the development of neurodegenerative disease, although the effects of deficient proteasome activity during early postnatal development are poorly understood. Accordingly, we have assessed how proteasome dysfunction during early postnatal development, induced by administering proteasome inhibitors daily during the first 10 days of life, affects the behaviour of adult mice. We found that this regime of exposure to the proteasome inhibitors MG132 or lactacystin did not produce significant behavioural or morphological changes in the first 15 days of life. However, towards the end of the treatment with proteasome inhibitors, there was a loss of mitochondrial markers and activity, and an increase in DNA oxidation. On reaching adulthood, the memory of mice that were injected with proteasome inhibitors postnatally was impaired in hippocampal and amygdala-dependent tasks, and they suffered motor dysfunction and imbalance. These behavioural deficiencies were correlated with neuronal loss in the hippocampus, amygdala and brainstem, and with diminished adult neurogenesis. Accordingly, impairing proteasome activity at early postnatal ages appears to cause morphological and behavioural alterations in adult mice that resemble those associated with certain neurodegenerative diseases and/or syndromes of mental retardation