Pengaruh Model Reading Questioning Answering terhadap Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis Siswa pada Pokok Bahasan Sistem Pernapasan Manusia

Penelitian ini dilatar belakangi oleh kurangnya minat baca siswa yang berpengaruh terhadap keaktifan belajar dikelas dalam meningkatkan kemampuan berpikir kritis. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh model Reading Questioning Answering (RQA) terhadap kemampuan berpikir kritis siswa pada materi sistem pernapasan manusia. Metode yang digunakan adalah eksperimen, berbentukTru Eksperimental,dengan desain Pretest-Posttest Control Group Desigen. Populasi sebanyak 342 siswa dan sampel sebanyak 65 siswa yang terdiri dari kelas Eksperimen dan kelas Kontrol. Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan teknik Simple Random Sampling. Alat pengumpulan data menggunakan lembar observasi, soal tes, dan angket.Hasil uji hipotesis data pretest diperoleh nilai Zhitung Ztabel(5,76 > 1,96) maka Ha diterima. Disimpulkan bahwa model Reading Questioning Answering (RQA) berpengaruh terhadap kemampuan berpikir kritits siswa pada materi sistem pernapasan manusia di kelas VIII SMP Negeri 02 Sintang

Translation of Anticancer Efficacy From Nonclinical Models to the Clinic

Mouse cancer models have provided critical insights into tumor biology; however, clinical translation of these findings has been challenging. This perspective posits that factors impacting on successful translation start with limitations in capturing human cancer pathophysiology and end with challenges in generating robust translatable preclinical end points. A comprehensive approach that considers clinically relevant mouse models with both an integrated biomarker strategy and a complementary modeling and simulation effort will strengthen the current oncology drug development paradigm

Microstructure identification via detrended fluctuation analysis of ultrasound signals

We describe an algorithm for simulating ultrasound propagation in random one-dimensional media, mimicking different microstructures by choosing physical properties such as domain sizes and mass densities from probability distributions. By combining a detrended fluctuation analysis (DFA) of the simulated ultrasound signals with tools from the pattern-recognition literature, we build a Gaussian classifier which is able to associate each ultrasound signal with its corresponding microstructure with a very high success rate. Furthermore, we also show that DFA data can be used to train a multilayer perceptron which estimates numerical values of physical properties associated with distinct microstructures.Comment: Submitted to Phys. Rev.

Avaliacao genetica e selecao em Eucalyptus grandis na regiao de Arapoti - PR.

Foram avaliados 17.916 indivíduos, pertencentes a 163 progênies de polinização aberta de 11 populações de Eucalyptus grandis, implantadas em duas fazendas na região de Arapoti - PR, visando a seleção de indivíduos com base em seus valores genéticos preditos. Foram obtidas estimativas médias da herdabilidade no sentido restrito, em nível de indivíduos e da acurácia seletiva, da ordem de 40 e 65%, respectivamente. A estimativa (0,75) da correlação genética entre médias de progênies, nas duas fazendas, indicou que a interação genótipo X ambiente não é problemática para o melhorista. Ganhos genéticos da ordem de 87 a 105% poderão ser obtidos com o estabelecimento das populações de melhoramento e de produção de sementes, respectivamente

Surface Grafting of Poly(L-glutamates). 2. Helix Orientation

In this paper the average helix orientation of surface-grafted poly(γ-benzyl L-glutamate) (PBLG), poly(γ-methyl L-glutamate) (PMLG), and poly(γ-methyl L-glutamate)-co-(γ-n-stearyl L-glutamate) (PMLGSLG 70/30) was investigated by means of FT-IR transmission spectroscopy. The theoretical relation between the average tilt angle (θ) and the absorption peak areas of three different backbone amide bands could be calculated because their transition dipole moment directions with respect to the helix axis were known. From the normalized absorptions, the average tilt angles of grafted helices of PBLG, PMLG, and PMLGSLG 70/30 were determined. The somewhat larger average angle of PMLG helices of 35 ± 5° with respect to the substrate compared to the value of 32 ± 5° of PBLG was due to the higher grafting density of PMLG. Because of the smaller helix diameter as a result of the smaller size of the methyl side group, more PMLG helices grew on the same surface area. Sterical hindrance and unfavorable polar interactions between unidirectional aligned helices forced the PMLG helices in a more upright arrangement. The even more perpendicular orientation of PMLGSLG 70/30 (48 ± 6°) could be the result of incorporation of mainly γ-methyl L-glutamate N-carboxyanhydride (MLG-NCA) monomers during the initiation step. Incorporation of the much larger γ-n-stearyl L-glutamate N-carboxyanhydride (SLG-NCA) monomers afterward lead to enlarged angles with respect to the substrate. Due to swelling, a pronounced change in helix orientation of grafted PMLGSLG 70/30 in n-hexadecane was observed, resulting in an almost perpendicular helix orientation.

Initial evidence for the criterion-related and structural validity of the long versions of the direct and meta-perspectives of the Coach-Athlete Relationship Questionnaire

This is the author's accepted manuscript. The final published article is available from the link below. Copyright @ 2010 Taylor & Francis.The aim of the present study was to develop and initially validate a longer version of the direct (Jowett & Ntoumanis, 2004) and meta-perspectives (Jowett, 2009a, 2009b) of the Coach-Athlete Relationship Questionnaire (CART-Q). In Study 1, instruments (e.g. questionnaires, scales, and inventories) that have been used to assess relationship quality in the broader psychological literature were examined and items potentially relevant to the coach-athlete relationship were identified. The content validity of the identified items was then assessed using expert panels. A final questionnaire was subsequently prepared and administered to 693 participants (310 coaches and 383 athletes). Confirmatory factor analysis was employed to assess the multidimensional nature of the questionnaire based on the 3Cs (i.e. closeness, commitment, and complementarity) model of the coach-athlete relationship. The findings indicated that the direct and meta-perspective items of the long versions of the CART-Q approached an adequate data fit. Moreover, evidence for the internal consistency and criterion validity of the new instruments was also obtained. In Study 2, the newly developed measure was administered to an independent sample of 251 individuals (145 athletes and 106 coaches). Further statistical support was gained for the factorial validity and reliability of the longer version of the CART-Q

An adaptive Metropolis-Hastings scheme: sampling and optimization

We propose an adaptive Metropolis-Hastings algorithm in which sampled data are used to update the proposal distribution. We use the samples found by the algorithm at a particular step to form the information-theoretically optimal mean-field approximation to the target distribution, and update the proposal distribution to be that approximatio. We employ our algorithm to sample the energy distribution for several spin-glasses and we demonstrate the superiority of our algorithm to the conventional MH algorithm in sampling and in annealing optimization.Comment: To appear in Europhysics Letter

Artificial Neural Network-based error compensation procedure for low-cost encoders

An Artificial Neural Network-based error compensation method is proposed for improving the accuracy of resolver-based 16-bit encoders by compensating for their respective systematic error profiles. The error compensation procedure, for a particular encoder, involves obtaining its error profile by calibrating it on a precision rotary table, training the neural network by using a part of this data and then determining the corrected encoder angle by subtracting the ANN-predicted error from the measured value of the encoder angle. Since it is not guaranteed that all the resolvers will have exactly similar error profiles because of the inherent differences in their construction on a micro scale, the ANN has been trained on one error profile at a time and the corresponding weight file is then used only for compensating the systematic error of this particular encoder. The systematic nature of the error profile for each of the encoders has also been validated by repeated calibration of the encoders over a period of time and it was found that the error profiles of a particular encoder recorded at different epochs show near reproducible behavior. The ANN-based error compensation procedure has been implemented for 4 encoders by training the ANN with their respective error profiles and the results indicate that the accuracy of encoders can be improved by nearly an order of magnitude from quoted values of ~6 arc-min to ~0.65 arc-min when their corresponding ANN-generated weight files are used for determining the corrected encoder angle.Comment: 16 pages, 4 figures. Accepted for Publication in Measurement Science and Technology (MST

In vivo microCT-based time-lapse morphometry reveals anatomical site-specific differences in bone (re)modeling serving as baseline parameters to detect early pathological events

The bone structure is very dynamic and continuously adapts its geometry to external stimuli by modeling and remodeling the mineralized tissue. In vivo microCT-based time-lapse morphometry is a powerful tool to study the temporal and spatial dynamics of bone (re)modeling. Here an advancement in the methodology to detect and quantify site-specific differences in bone (re)modeling of 12-week-old BALB/c nude mice is presented. We describe our method of quantifying new bone surface interface readouts and how these are influenced by bone curvature. This method is then used to compare bone surface (re)modeling in mice across different anatomical regions to demonstrate variations in the rate of change and spatial gradients thereof. Significant differences in bone (re)modeling baseline parameters between the metaphyseal and epiphyseal are shown, as well as cortical and trabecular bone of the distal femur and proximal tibia. These results are validated using conventional static in vivo microCT analysis. Finally, the insights from these new baseline values of physiological bone (re)modeling were used to evaluate pathological bone (re)modeling in a pilot breast cancer bone metastasis model. The method shows the potential to be suitable to detect early pathological events and track their spatio-temporal development in both cortical and trabecular bone. This advancement in (re)modeling surface analysis and defined baseline parameters according to distinct anatomical regions will be valuable to others investigating various disease models with site-distinct local alterations in bone (re)modeling.ER

Open-Ended Evolutionary Robotics: an Information Theoretic Approach

This paper is concerned with designing self-driven fitness functions for Embedded Evolutionary Robotics. The proposed approach considers the entropy of the sensori-motor stream generated by the robot controller. This entropy is computed using unsupervised learning; its maximization, achieved by an on-board evolutionary algorithm, implements a "curiosity instinct", favouring controllers visiting many diverse sensori-motor states (sms). Further, the set of sms discovered by an individual can be transmitted to its offspring, making a cultural evolution mode possible. Cumulative entropy (computed from ancestors and current individual visits to the sms) defines another self-driven fitness; its optimization implements a "discovery instinct", as it favours controllers visiting new or rare sensori-motor states. Empirical results on the benchmark problems proposed by Lehman and Stanley (2008) comparatively demonstrate the merits of the approach