29 research outputs found

    Kalideos OSR MiPy : un observatoire pour la recherche et la démonstration des applications de la télédétection à la gestion des territoires

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    International audienceCes derniĂšres annĂ©es, le CESBIO a mis en place un Observatoire Spatial RĂ©gional 'OSR' : un dispositif d'observation couplant mesures de terrain et tĂ©lĂ©dĂ©tection dans le sud-ouest de la France. L'OSR se base sur des acquisitions mensuelles de donnĂ©es satellitaires Ă  rĂ©solution dĂ©camĂ©trique depuis 2002 et sur des sites expĂ©rimentaux lourdement instrumentĂ©s (mesures en continu de flux d'eau et de carbone) Ă  partir de 2004. Ce dispositif a Ă©tĂ© reconnu service d'observation par l'INSU/CNRS en 2007 et site KALIDEOS par le CNES fin 2009 : 'KALIDEOS OSR MiPy'. Le site atelier correspond Ă  une emprise d'image SPOT, soit environ 50x50 km et couvre une grande diversitĂ© de milieux (pĂ©dologie, topographie), d'occupation et d'utilisation des sols, de pratiques et de modalitĂ©s de gestion (agricole, forestiĂšre...) et de conditions climatiques (fort gradient de dĂ©ficits hydriques estivaux). Pour la tĂ©lĂ©dĂ©tection, ce site a servi la prĂ©paration de SMOS, et il soutient maintenant en prioritĂ© Ă  la prĂ©paration des missions VENÎŒS et Sentinel-2. Les aspects radar, imagerie thermique et les approches multi-capteurs se dĂ©veloppent depuis peu. Le traitement du signal, la physique de la mesure et l'amĂ©lioration de la qualitĂ© des donnĂ©es constituent le premier axe de recherche. Au niveau thĂ©matique, le CESBIO a pour prioritĂ© les suivis et les modĂ©lisations des agrosystĂšmes de grandes cultures. L'implication rĂ©cente d'autres partenaires scientifiques ou gestionnaires a permis d'initier des travaux sur d'autres aspects, comme la biodiversitĂ©, l'amĂ©nagement du territoire, le suivi de l'extension urbaine, les risques environnementaux, la santĂ© des forĂȘts, l'enfrichement, la diversitĂ© et la productivitĂ© des prairies. La valorisation des 10 annĂ©es d'archives 2002-2011 dĂ©bute et semble trĂšs pertinente pour la caractĂ©risation en haute et en basse rĂ©solution des consĂ©quences d'annĂ©es climatiques atypiques (2003, 2011) sur les Ă©co-agro-systĂšmes. L'extrapolation des rĂ©sultats obtenus sur ce site atelier Ă  toute la rĂ©gion Midi-PyrĂ©nĂ©es ou Ă  la chaine des PyrĂ©nĂ©es est aussi initiĂ©e

    La télédétection des infrastructures agro-écologiques : de la promesse aux méthodes opérationnelles (Tél-IAE)

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    Les infrastructures agro-Ă©cologiques comme les haies et les bandes enherbĂ©es sont des Ă©lĂ©ments paysagers clĂ© pour la biodiversitĂ© dans les territoires agricoles. Les cartographier est une Ă©tape importante pour Ă©valuer la qualitĂ© des paysages et prĂ©dire l’impact d’amĂ©nagements. La tĂ©lĂ©dĂ©tection spatiale prĂ©sente un potentiel important pour atteindre cet objectif Ă  coĂ»t raisonnable et sur une surface importante. Le projet « tĂ©lĂ©dĂ©tection des infrastructures agroĂ©cologiques » regroupant spĂ©cialistes de la tĂ©lĂ©dĂ©tection et utilisateurs s’est proposĂ© d’évaluer des mĂ©thodes existantes dans des cas variĂ©s et d’en dĂ©velopper de nouvelles. Un site web prĂ©sentant les rĂ©sultats du projet guide l’utilisateur vers des grands types d’options techniques en fonction de son projet et lui donne accĂšs Ă  diverses ressources. La pleine appropriation des mĂ©thodes et outils implique toutefois un dĂ©cloisonnement des mĂ©tiers au delĂ  des considĂ©rations purement techniques

    Land cover mapping of wetland areas in an agricultural landscape using SAR imagery

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    Saline wetlands in the Monegros Desert, NE Spain, are situated in an agricultural landscape which is undergoing significant changes. Agricultural intensification in recent decades and current installation of new irrigation systems threaten these valuable habitats, set to be included in the Natura2000 network. Their preservation and successful management depend on the information available regarding the transformation of surrounding areas. When soil and vegetation maps at adequate scale are not available, remote sensing is an alternative means to obtain needed data. We have used SAR data, taking advantage of the soil surface characteristics perceived in SAR images. The objective of this work is to explore the capability of multitemporal SAR data to characterize the land covers of these wetlands and their environment. We have developed specific contextual classifications which take into account the statistical properties of the radar distribution. Moreover, we tested the contribution of radar in Landsat classification.This work was carried out as part of projects REN2003-00742 and AGL2006-01283, both granted by the Spanish Ministry of Education and Science and FEDER.Peer Reviewe

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    Évaluation environnementale des unitĂ©s terrestres dĂ©rivĂ©es de MODIS

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    International audienceA land stratification of the French territory had been previously performed based on time series of vegetation and texture indices. This stratification led to 300 radiometrically homogenous regions that were considered as land units (LUs). In this paper, we present a quantitative analysis of the LUs, with the aim of testing if these LUs are linked to landscape. In this sense, an evaluation of their thematic meaning in terms of environmental variables and land cover was performed. In order to achieve this, we first conducted a statistical analysis at national scale using a set of environmental variables and land cover by means of Moran's autocorrelation index and Spearman rank correlation index. Second, to analyze the quality of the boundaries between neighboring LUs, we developed a method based on the Spearman rank correlation index calculated on test areas across the boundaries. The first analyses showed that the most explanatory variables of the LUs were land cover, topography and parent material. The boundaries analysis was applied at a regional scale (Pyrenean region), and showed that 89% of the boundaries were well explained by the land cover compositions. The results obtained support the hypothesis that time series of broad resolution remote-sensing images can capture landscape identities and produce LUs maps that have an environmental and land occupation sense

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    PCA and SVM as geo-computational methods for geological mapping in the southern of Tunisia, using ASTER remote sensing data set

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    The purpose of this study was to examine the efficiency of Advanced Space Borne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) data in the discrimination of geological formations and the generation of geological map in the northern margin of the Tunisian desert. The nine ASTER bands covering the visible (VIS), near-infrared (NIR) and short-wave infrared (SWIR) spectral regions (wavelength range of 400-2500 nm) have been treated and analyzed. As a first step of data processing, crosstalk correction, resampling, orthorectification, atmospheric correction, and radiometric normalization have been applied to the ASTER radiance data. Then, to decrease the redundancy information in highly correlated bands, the principal component analysis (PCA) has been applied on the nine ASTER bands. The results of PCA allow the validation and the rectification of the lithological boundaries already published on the geologic map, and gives a new information for identifying new lithological units corresponding to superficial formations previously undiscovered. The application of a supervised classification on the principal components image using a support vector machine (SVM) algorithm shows good correlation with the reference geologic map. The overall classification accuracy is 73 % and the kappa coefficient equals to 0.71. The processing of ASTER remote sensing data set by PCA and SVM can be employed as an effective tool for geological mapping in arid regions

    Contribution of non-negative matrix factorization to the classification of remote sensing images

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    Authors: M.S. Karoui, Y. Deville, S. Hosseini, A. Ouamri, D. DucrotInternational audienc
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