A new TRPV3 missense mutation in a patient with Olmsted syndrome and erythromelalgia

IMPORTANCE: Olmsted syndrome (OS) is a rare keratinizing disorder characterized by excessive epidermal thickening of the palms and soles, with clinical and genetic heterogeneity. Approximately 50 cases have been reported, with the molecular basis described in only 9. Recently, TRPV3 (transient receptor potential vanilloid 3) mutations were identified in autosomal-dominant OS in 7 sporadic cases and 1 familial case, whereas an MBTPS2 (membrane-bound transcription factor protease, site 2) mutation was reported in X-linked recessive OS. We report a new sporadic case of severe, atypical OS and its underlying genetic basis. OBSERVATIONS: Our patient is a young girl with severe nonmutilating (palmo)plantar keratoderma without periorificial keratotic plaques associated with intense acute flares of inflammation, itching, burning pain, vasodilatation, and redness of the extremities consistent with erythromelalgia. Whole exome sequencing of patient DNA identified a novel de novo heterozygous missense mutation within TRPV3, p.Leu673Phe, predicted to be damaging. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: This case study further implicates TRPV3 in OS pathogenesis. In addition, previous reports of OS have not described erythromelalgia as a clinical feature. Its occurrence in our patient could be a chance event, but, if associated with OS, the features of erythromelalgia may expand the phenotypic spectrum of this rare syndrome. Copyright 2014 American Medical Association. All rights reserved

Validation of HNO3, ClONO2, and N2O5 from the Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment Fourier Transform Spectrometer (ACE-FTS)

The Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment (ACE) satellite was launched on 12 August 2003. Its two instruments measure vertical profiles of over 30 atmospheric trace gases by analyzing solar occultation spectra in the ultraviolet/visible and infrared wavelength regions. The reservoir gases HNO3, ClONO2, and N2O5 are three of the key species provided by the primary instrument, the ACE Fourier Transform Spectrometer (ACE-FTS). This paper describes the ACE-FTS version 2.2 data products, including the N2O5 update, for the three species and presents validation comparisons with available observations. We have compared volume mixing ratio (VMR) profiles of HNO3, ClONO2, and N2O5 with measurements by other satellite instruments (SMR, MLS, MIPAS), aircraft measurements (ASUR), and single balloon-flights (SPIRALE, FIRS-2). Partial columns of HNO3 and ClONO2 were also compared with measurements by ground-based Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectrometers. Overall the quality of the ACE-FTS v2.2 HNO3 VMR profiles is good from 18 to 35 km. For the statistical satellite comparisons, the mean absolute differences are generally within ±1 ppbv ±20%) from 18 to 35 km. For MIPAS and MLS comparisons only, mean relative differences lie within±10% between 10 and 36 km. ACE-FTS HNO3 partial columns (~15–30 km) show a slight negative bias of −1.3% relative to the ground-based FTIRs at latitudes ranging from 77.8° S–76.5° N. Good agreement between ACE-FTS ClONO2 and MIPAS, using the Institut für Meteorologie und Klimaforschung and Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (IMK-IAA) data processor is seen. Mean absolute differences are typically within ±0.01 ppbv between 16 and 27 km and less than +0.09 ppbv between 27 and 34 km. The ClONO2 partial column comparisons show varying degrees of agreement, depending on the location and the quality of the FTIR measurements. Good agreement was found for the comparisons with the midlatitude Jungfraujoch partial columns for which the mean relative difference is 4.7%. ACE-FTS N2O5 has a low bias relative to MIPAS IMK-IAA, reaching −0.25 ppbv at the altitude of the N2O5 maximum (around 30 km). Mean absolute differences at lower altitudes (16–27 km) are typically −0.05 ppbv for MIPAS nighttime and ±0.02 ppbv for MIPAS daytime measurements

Recherche de gènes de prédiposition au diabète de type 1

Le diabète de type 1 (DT1) est une maladie multifactorielle d origine autoimmune. Nous avons utilisé 3 approches afin d identifier des gènes de prédisposition au DT1 : l étude du locus IDDM4 identifié par analyses de liaison, la recherche de gènes impliqués dans des syndromes monogéniques associant un diabète, et l approche de type gène candidat. L étude du locus IDDM4 a permis d identifier des variants associés au DT1 et de borner la région. Nos études génétiques, complétées par des études fonctionnelles, permettront de déterminer le gène impliqué. En parallèle, nous avons identifié les gènes PTHR1 et GLIS3 responsables respectivement des syndromes d Eiken et NDH. Nous avons testé le gène PTHR1 comme gène candidat, ainsi qu un variant du gène FCRL3, rapporté comme associé à d autres maladies autoimmunes. Nos résultats ne montrent pas d association significative. L identification de gènes de prédisposition permettra une meilleure compréhension des mécanismes pathologiques impliqués.Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune multifactorial disease. We used 3 strategies to find T1D susceptibility genes : the study of IDDM4 locus previously mapped on chromosome 11q13 by linkage, the search for genes responsible for monogenic syndromes with diabetes, and candidate gene approach. The study of IDDM4 locus led to identify variants associated with T1D, and to precisely bound the critical region. Our genetic studies, supplemented by functional studies, will allow us to detect the susceptibility gene at IDDM4 locus. Besides, we identified PTHR1 and GLIS3 genes responsible respectively for Eiken and NDH syndromes. We tested PTHR1 as a candidate gene, and a functional polymorphism in FCRL3 gene, reported as associated with several other autoimmune diseases, in the susceptibility to T1D. We did not detect significant association. Identification of T1D susceptibility genes will provide a better understanding of pathological processes involved in the development of the disease.PARIS-BIUSJ-Thèses (751052125) / SudocPARIS-BIUSJ-Physique recherche (751052113) / SudocSudocFranceF

Long-term trends of a dozen direct greenhouse gases derived from infrared solar absorption spectra recorded at the Jungfraujoch station

The University of Liège (ULg) is operating –under clear sky conditions– two state-of-the-art Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectrometers at the high-altitude research station of the Jungfraujoch (Swiss Alps, 46.5ºN, 3580m asl), within the framework of the Network for the Detection of Atmospheric Composition Changes (NDACC, http://www.ndacc.org). Routine FTIR operation started in 1984. Since then, it has been continued without disruption, allowing collecting more than 45000 high-resolution broadband infrared solar absorption spectra, between 2 and 16 microns, using either HgCdTe or InSb detectors as well as a suite of optical filters. Typically, the spectral resolutions achieved lie in the 0.003 to 0.009 cm-1 interval while signal-to-noise ratios of 1000 and more are reached. In addition, numerous narrow-band IR spectra essentially recorded from 1976 to 1989 with grating instruments are also available [e.g. Zander et al., 2008]. Their analyses with modern tools have recently started [Bader et al., 2011] and will be pursued in the coming years to consistently extend our total column datasets back in the 1970s. Geophysical parameters are deduced from the ULg observational database either with the SFIT-1, the SFIT-2 or the PROFFIT-9 algorithm, allowing producing long-term total column time series of the target gases. In addition, information on their vertical distributions with altitude can generally be derived when using SFIT-2 or PROFFIT-9 which both implement the Optimal Estimation Method of Rodgers [1990]. Presently, more than two dozen atmospheric species are systematically retrieved from the Jungfraujoch observations, allowing the monitoring of key constituents of the Earth’s atmosphere which play important roles in global warming and/or in stratospheric ozone depletion. The present communication will focus on the direct and major greenhouse gases available from our database, namely water vapor, CO2, CH4, N2O, tropospheric ozone, CFC-11, CFC-12, HCFC-22, CCl4, SF6, as well as CF4 which has recently been added to our targets list [Duchatelet et al., 2011]. Trends and associated uncertainties characterizing the available –and often multi-decadal– time series have been derived or updated with a statistical bootstrap resampling tool [Gardiner et al., 2008], they will be presented and critically compared with data available from the literature.References Bader, W. et al., Extension of the long-term total column time series of atmospheric methane above the Jungfraujoch station: analysis of grating infrared spectra between 1976 and 1989, Geophysical Research Abstracts, 13, EGU2011-3391-1, 2011. [http://hdl.handle.net/2268/88180] Duchatelet, P. et al., First retrievals of carbon tetrafluoride (CF4) from ground-based FTIR measurements: production and analysis of the two-decadal time series above the Jungfraujoch, Geophysical Research Abstracts, 13, EGU2011-6413, 2011. [http://hdl.handle.net/2268/90745] Gardiner, T. et al., Trend analysis of greenhouse gases over Europe measured by a network of ground-based remote FTIR instruments, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 8, 6719-6727, 2008. [http://hdl.handle.net/2268/2545] Rodgers, C.D., Characterisation and error analysis of profiles derived from remote sensing measurements, J. Geophys. Res., 95, 5587-5595, 1990. Zander, R. et al., Our changing atmosphere: Evidence based on long-term infrared solar observations at the Jungfraujoch since 1950, Sci. Total Environ., 391, 184-195, 2008. [http://hdl.handle.net/2268/2421

Comparisons between ground-based FTIR and MIPAS N2O and HNO3 profiles before and after assimilation in BASCOE

Within the framework of the Network for Detection of Atmospheric Composition Change (NDACC), regular ground-based Fourier transform infrared ( FTIR) measurements of many species are performed at several locations. Inversion schemes provide vertical profile information and characterization of the retrieved products which are therefore relevant for contributing to the validation of MIPAS profiles in the stratosphere and upper troposphere. We have focused on the species HNO3 and N2O at 5 NDACC-sites distributed in both hemispheres, i.e., Jungfraujoch (46.5 degrees N) and Kiruna (68 degrees N) for the northern hemisphere, and Wollongong (34 degrees S), Lauder (45 degrees S) and Arrival Heights (78 degrees S) for the southern hemisphere. These ground-based data have been compared with MIPAS offline profiles (v4.61) for the year 2003, collocated within 1000 km around the stations, in the lower to middle stratosphere. To get around the spatial collocation problem, comparisons have also been made between the same ground-based FTIR data and the corresponding profiles resulting from the stratospheric 4D-VAR data assimilation system BASCOE constrained by MIPAS data. This paper discusses the results of the comparisons and the usefullness of using BASCOE profiles as proxies for MIPAS data. It shows good agreement between MIPAS and FTIR N2O partial columns: the biases are below 5% for all the stations and the standard deviations are below 7% for the three mid-latitude stations, and below 10% for the high latitude ones. The comparisons with BASCOE partial columns give standard deviations below 4% for the mid-latitude stations to less than 8% for the high latitude ones. After making some corrections to take into account the known bias due to the use of different spectroscopic parameters, the comparisons of HNO3 partial columns show biases below 3% and standard deviations below 15% for all the stations except Arrival Heights ( bias of 5%, standard deviation of 21%). The results for this species, which has a larger spatial variability, highlight the necessity of defining appropriate collocation criteria and of accounting for the spread of the observed air-masses. BASCOE appears to have more deficiencies in producing proxies of MIPAS HNO3 profiles compared to N2O, but the obtained standard deviation of less than 10% between BASCOE and FTIR is reasonable. Similar results on profiles comparisons are also shown in the paper, in addition to partial column ones

A TP63 Mutation Causes Prominent Alopecia with Mild Ectodermal Dysplasia

International audienc

The Surface Microbiome of Clinically Unaffected Skinfolds in Hidradenitis Suppurativa: A Cross-Sectional Culture-Based and 16S rRNA Gene Amplicon Sequencing Study in 60 Patients

International audienceHidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the skin associated with specific lesional dysbiotic features. We studied the microbiome of clinically unaffected typical HS sites (armpits, inguinal folds, and gluteal clefts) in 60 patients with HS and 17 healthy controls. A total of 192 samples obtained by swabbing were analyzed by bacterial cultures. Of these, 116 randomly selected samples were studied by 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. Patients and controls showed similar characteristics, except for smoking (87% vs. 6%, respectively). HS skinfolds were characterized by an increased abundance of anaerobes, predominantly Prevotella, but also Actinomyces, Campylobacter ureolyticus, and Mobiluncus, contrasting with a lower abundance of skin commensals such as Staphylococcus epidermidis, a major component of the skin microbiome; Kocuria; and Micrococcus luteus. The following three independent factors were associated with an abundance of high anaerobes by multivariate analysis: samples originating from patients with HS patients (P = 2.1 × 10−4); body mass index (P = 5 × 10−5); and the sampling site, the gluteal cleft being the most anaerobic area, followed by inguinal folds and axilla (P = 3 × 10−6). The microbiome of clinically unaffected HS skinfolds is reminiscent, albeit to a minor extent, of the microbiome of chronic suppurative HS lesions and may fuel inflammation at a preclinical stage of the disease