'II faut vivre':Writers, Journalists and Income, 1890-1914

This article looks at the complex relationship between literary authors, money and the press from 1890 to 1914, a period generally considered to be the heyday of the printed press in France. This paper focuses therefore on the sociological context of journalism, publishing, and writing. Using examples from the journalistic careers of several distinctive writer-journalists (Apollinaire, Colette, Alfred Jarry, Jean Lorrain) and several newspapers and periodicals, this article shows how closely the press and literary production were intertwined. While scholarship exists on individual journalistic careers, this article aims to provide an overview of the period and considers how certain literary authors made a living from journalism. It discusses their employment as opinion makers, columnists, critics, and serial novelists, the publications they worked for, as well as their own periodicals. While often considered a simple moneymaking exercise, this article demonstrates how journalism and the press played a crucial and productive part in shaping literary careers, oeuvres, and reputations during the Belle Epoque

The concept of the signal-to-noise ratio in the modulation domain: Predicting the intelligibility of processed noisy speech

Houtgast, T. [Promotor]Festen, J.M. [Promotor

Bio fuels: A review and comparison of available bio fuels, techniques and their environmental, economical, political and social consequences

this thesis consists of a review and comparison of available bio fuels, their techniques and their environmental, economical, political and social consequences

Population balances combined with computational fluid dynamics : a modeling approach for dispersive mixing in a high pressure homogenizer

High pressure homogenization is at the heart of many emulsification processes in the food, personal care and pharmaceutical industry. The droplet size distribution is an important property for product quality and is aimed to be controlled in the process. Therefore a population balance model was built in order to predict the droplet size distribution subject to various hydrodynamic conditions found in a high pressure homogenizer. The hydrodynamics were simulated using Computational Fluid Dynamics and the turbulence was modeled with a RANS k–e model. The high energy zone in the high pressure homogenizer was divided into four compartments. The compartments had to be small enough to secure nearly homogeneous turbulent dissipation rates but large enough to hold a population of droplets. A population balance equation describing breakage and coalescence of oil droplets in turbulent flow was solved for every compartment. One set of parameters was found which could describe the development of the droplet size distribution in the high pressure homogenizer with varying pressure drop. An improvement of 65% was found compared to the same model containing just one compartment. The compartment approach may provide an alternative to direct coupling of CFD and population balances

iAge:e-Inclusion in ageing Europe

Results and conclusions of research into gradual retirement. At the Mid-term conference in Norway, in June 2013 the research team presented the current situation of I-age regarding data collection and data analysis. Students presented an up-to-date poster about the research

An agent-based model of flood risk and insurance

Flood risk emerges from the dynamic interaction between natural hazards and human vulnerability. Methods for the quantification of flood risk are well established, but tend to deal with human and economic vulnerability as being static or changing with an exogenously defined trend. In this paper we present an Agent-Based Model (ABM) developed to simulate the dynamical evolution of flood risk and vulnerability, and facilitate an investigation of insurance mechanism in London. The ABM has been developed to firstly allow an analysis of the vulnerability of homeowners to surface water flooding, which is one of the greatest short-term climate risks in the UK with estimated annual costs of £1.3bn to £2.2bn. These costs have been estimated to increase by 60-220% over the next 50 years due to climate change and urbanisation. Vulnerability is influenced by homeowner’s decisions to move house and/or install measures to protect their properties from flooding. In particular, the ABM focuses on the role of flood insurance, simulating the current public-private partnership between the government and insurers in the UK, and the forthcoming re-insurance scheme Flood Re, designed as a roadmap to support the future affordability and availability of flood insurance. The ABM includes interaction between homeowners, sellers and buyers, an insurer, a local government and a developer. Detailed GIS and qualitative data of the London borough of Camden are used to represent an area at high risk of surface water flooding. The ABM highlights how future development can exacerbate current levels of surface water flood risk in Camden. Investment in flood protection measures are shown to be beneficial for reducing surface water flood risk. The Flood Re scheme is shown to achieve its aim of securing affordable flood insurance premiums, however, is placed under increasing pressure in the future as the risk of surface water flooding continues to increase