PEDALAR NA COPA 2014 E NAS OLIMPÍADAS 2016 NO BRASIL?

Esse texto é uma aproximação dos projetos da Copa do Mundo da FIFA 2014 e dos Jogos Olimpícos de 2016 que serão sediados no Brasil. A intenção do trabalho é descrever o que está previsto nos projetos desses dois megaeventos em relação à Mobilidade Urbana, assim como analisar essas propostas a partir da perspectiva da promoção e consolidação da bicicleta como meio de transporte no país. Para isso são apresentados: o Projeto Bicicleta Brasil: Avanços e Desafios, que é uma proposta nacional de política pública do uso da bicicleta como opção modal; Os projetos de Mobilidade Urbana das cidades-sedes da Copa de 2014; oprojeto de Mobilidade Urbana do Rio de Janeiro para as Olimpíadas de 2016. Por fim, articulam-se os três projetos apresentados com enfase nas possibilidades educacionais e de formação cultural, concluindo-se que a bicicleta como meio de transporte é praticamente desconsiderada em todas as dimensões como alternativa modal nos projetos desses megaeventos sediados no Brasil

RECONFIGURACIÓN DE ENTORNOS PEATONALES Una propuesta de diseño aplicada a corredores del centro tradicional de Medellín

The rise of vehicular mobility during the 20th century led to a progressive decline of pedestrian mobility and one of the primary activities of human beings: walking. However, conflicts generated by urban growth and environmental deterioration have raised questions about how we think and intervene in our cities, giving rise to a gradual shift in mobility paradigms. Today, pedestrian, and non-motorized mobility have reemerged as central topics for both public agendas and the intervention on urban space. This shift has brought into the debate a variety of reflections about spatial design and quality and the human experience of space. To demonstrate the importance of pedestrian environments as a key space for sustainable mobility practices and based on a methodological proposal developed as part of a master's work, this paper presents a design proposal applied to Bolívar corridor, between Calle 44 San Juan and Calle, in the center of Medellín

X-SRAM: Enabling In-Memory Boolean Computations in CMOS Static Random Access Memories

Silicon-based Static Random Access Memories (SRAM) and digital Boolean logic have been the workhorse of the state-of-art computing platforms. Despite tremendous strides in scaling the ubiquitous metal-oxide-semiconductor transistor, the underlying \textit{von-Neumann} computing architecture has remained unchanged. The limited throughput and energy-efficiency of the state-of-art computing systems, to a large extent, results from the well-known \textit{von-Neumann bottleneck}. The energy and throughput inefficiency of the von-Neumann machines have been accentuated in recent times due to the present emphasis on data-intensive applications like artificial intelligence, machine learning \textit{etc}. A possible approach towards mitigating the overhead associated with the von-Neumann bottleneck is to enable \textit{in-memory} Boolean computations. In this manuscript, we present an augmented version of the conventional SRAM bit-cells, called \textit{the X-SRAM}, with the ability to perform in-memory, vector Boolean computations, in addition to the usual memory storage operations. We propose at least six different schemes for enabling in-memory vector computations including NAND, NOR, IMP (implication), XOR logic gates with respect to different bit-cell topologies $-$ the 8T cell and the 8$^+$T Differential cell. In addition, we also present a novel \textit{`read-compute-store'} scheme, wherein the computed Boolean function can be directly stored in the memory without the need of latching the data and carrying out a subsequent write operation. The feasibility of the proposed schemes has been verified using predictive transistor models and Monte-Carlo variation analysis.Comment: This article has been accepted in a future issue of IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems-I: Regular Paper

Contribuições do animismo infantil para a Educação em Ciências

O presente artigo foi construído a partir de resultados de uma pesquisa de doutorado que tinha como objetivo perceber como o devir-criança possibilita um outramundar que pressupõe diferentes relações com tudo aquilo que escapa ao humano. De forma específica, este artigo pretendeu perceber como essas relações que o devir-criança estabelece com o mundo e com as coisas, poderia rasurar a educação em ciências e viabilizar a constituição de outros fluxos para a docência. O referencial são os estudos de Gilles Deleuze e Félix Guattari. Trabalhamos com os conceitos de devir-criança, hecceidade e rizoma. O caminho metodológico foi a contocartografia, inventada nessa pesquisa, a fim de dar corpo aos afectos e perceptos produzidos no encontro da pesquisadora com as crianças e com o devir-criança. Os instrumentos para a produção de dados foram a observação e a entrevista semi-estruturada. A pesquisa mostrou que o devir-criança viabilizaria o animismo infantil, que pressupõe uma relação diferente com os não-humanos. Essa relação questiona os pressupostos da Modernidade e possibilita a constituição de outros mundos nesse mundo

Prevalence of Protein-Energy Wasting in Dialysis Patients Using a Practical Online Tool to Compare with Other Nutritional Scores: Results of the Nutrendial Study

Diàlisi; Puntuació d'inflamació de desnutrició; Valoració nutricionalDiálisis; Puntuación de inflamación de desnutrición; Valoración nutricionalDialysis; Malnutrition inflammation score; Nutritional assessmentThis cross-sectional study aims to explore the prevalence of protein-energy wasting (PEW) in dialysis patients in Catalonia, Spain, using a new and practical online tool which enables rapid calculation and comparison with other nutritional scores. Methods: A web tool (Nutrendial) was created to introduce different variables and automatically calculate PEW, Malnutrition inflammation Score (MIS) and Subjective Global Assessment (SGA) in 1389 patients (88% in haemodialysis (HD)), 12% in peritoneal dialysis (PD) from different regions of Catalonia. Results: A prevalence of 23.3% (26% HD, 10.2% PD) of PEW was found, with a mean MIS score of 6 and SGA score of C in 7% of the patients. ROC analysis showed MIS as the best nutritional score to diagnose PEW (AUC 0.85). Albumin delivered lower diagnostic precision (AUC 0.77) and sensitivity (66%). A cut off point of 7 (86% sensitivity and 75% specificity) for MIS and 3.7 mg/dL for albumin were found to predict the appearance of PEW in this population. SGA B or C showed an 87% sensitivity and 55% specificity to diagnose PEW. Very low nutritional intervention (14%) was recorded with this tool in patients with PEW. Conclusions: This new online tool facilitated the calculation of PEW, enabling different professionals-including nephrologists, dieticians and nurses-to efficiently obtain insights into the nutritional status of the Catalonian dialysis population and implement the required nutritional interventions. MIS is the score with more sensitivity to diagnose PEW

Análisis de la producción de leche de cabra Saanen

A cadeia produtiva de leite de cabra no estado do Rio Grande do Sul ainda é pouco desenvolvida, devido principalmente, a hábitos culturais e o preconceito quanto aos produtos elaborados com leite de cabra. Além disso, os caprinos ainda são vistos como animais com baixas necessidades nutricionais e sanitárias, sendo criados, muitas vezes, em áreas não apropriadas. No presente estudo realizou-se uma análise de dados secundários, provenientes de uma unidade produtiva de leite de cabra localizada em São Francisco de Paula-RS. Os dados referem-se ao volume semanal de produção leiteira, conforme a ordem de partos, no período de 2006 a 2017. Com base nestes dados, construiu-se a curva de produção no decorrer de cinco lactações. Identificou-se que a curva mantém uma tendência cúbica padrão em relação ao tempo de lactação, independentemente da ordem de parto. Contudo, o volume de leite produzido aumenta gradativamente até a terceira lactação, a partir da qual volta a diminuir.The goat milk productive market in the state of Rio Grande do Sul is little developed yet due, especially, to cultural habits and prejudice with products done with goat milk. Beyond, goats still known as animals with low nutritional requirements and sanitary conditions raised, most of the time, in inappropriate areas. Secondary data analysis was done, obtained from a milk goat productive farm located in São Francisco de Paula-RS. Data represents the volume of milk produced weekly, according to the parturition order, in the period from 2006 to 2017. Based on this data, the production curve of five years was created. It was determined that the curve keeps a standard cubic tendency in relation to the lactation period. Yet, the volume of milk produced increases gradually until the third lactation, after that it starts to decrease.La cadena de producción de leche de cabra en el estado de Rio Grande do Sul aún se encuentra poco desarrollada, principalmente debido a los hábitos culturales y los prejuicios sobre los productos elaborados con leche de cabra. Además, las cabras todavía se consideran animales con escasas necesidades nutricionales y sanitarias y, a menudo, se crían en zonas inapropiadas. En el presente estudio se realizó un análisis de datos secundarios de una unidad de producción de leche de cabra ubicada en São Francisco de Paula-RS. Los datos se refieren al volumen semanal de producción de leche, según el orden de nacimiento, de 2006 a 2017. Con base en estos datos, se construyó la curva de producción durante cinco lactancias. Se identificó que la curva mantiene una tendência cúbica estándar en relación con el tiempo de lactancia, independientemente del orden de parto. Sin embargo, el volumen de leche producida aumenta gradualmente hasta la tercera lactancia, después de lo cual vuelve a disminuir

Consumo de produtos lácteos de origem não bovina no sul do Brasil

As cadeias de produção de leites de origem não bovina estão em crescimento no Brasil. O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar os tipos de produtos lácteos não bovinos mais consumidos e sua origem (se caprina, ovina ou bubalina), bem como avaliar as características do consumidor que adquire esses produtos. Verificou-se, ainda, a frequência de consumo de leite bovino e derivados. Realizou-se uma pesquisa tipo survey, pela internet, com 636 respondentes. O produto derivado de leite não bovino mais citado é o queijo, seguido do leite e do iogurte. A espécie mais citada é a cabra, seguida pela búfala e a ovelha. Os consumidores que mais tendem a já ter consumido esses tipos de produtos são pessoas com mais de 45 anos, renda superior a três salários mínimos e formação superior. Os consumidores diários de queijo bovino demonstram já ter consumido produtos de leite de outra espécie. Os resultados obtidos poderão subsidiar decisões de marketing das cadeias de produção de leite não bovino.The production chains of non-cow’s milk are growing in Brazil. The aim of this study was to identify the most consumed types of non-bovine dairy products and their origin (goat, sheep or buffalo), as well as to assess the characteristics of the consumer who purchase such products. The frequency of cow’s milk and dairy products consumption was also verified. A survey-type research was carried out through the internet with 636 respondents. The most mentioned dairy product of non-bovine origin is cheese, followed by milk and yoghurt. The most mentioned species is goat, followed by buffalo and sheep. Consumers who are most likely to have already consumed these kinds of products are persons over 45 years of age, whose income is above three minimum wages and with an academic background. Daily consumers of cow’s cheese seem to have already consumed dairy products from other species. The results obtained by this study may subsidize market decisions of non-cow’s milk production chains

Body mass index and waist circumference in relation to the risk of 26 types of cancer : a prospective cohort study of 3.5 million adults in Spain

A high body mass index (BMI) has been associated with increased risk of several cancers; however, whether BMI is related to a larger number of cancers than currently recognized is unclear. Moreover, whether waist circumference (WC) is more strongly associated with specific cancers than BMI is not well established. We aimed to investigate the associations between BMI and 26 cancers accounting for non-linearity and residual confounding by smoking status as well as to compare cancer risk estimates between BMI and WC. Prospective cohort study with population-based electronic health records from Catalonia, Spain. We included 3,658,417 adults aged ≥ 18 years and free of cancer at baseline between 2006 and 2017. Our main outcome measures were cause-specific hazard ratios (HRs) with 99% confidence intervals (CIs) for incident cancer at 26 anatomical sites. After a median follow-up time of 8.3 years, 202,837 participants were diagnosed with cancer. A higher BMI was positively associated with risk of nine cancers (corpus uteri, kidney, gallbladder, thyroid, colorectal, breast post-menopausal, multiple myeloma, leukemia, non-Hodgkin lymphoma) and was positively associated with three additional cancers among never smokers (head and neck, brain and central nervous system, Hodgkin lymphoma). The respective HRs (per 5 kg/m 2 increment) ranged from 1.04 (99%CI 1.01 to 1.08) for non-Hodgkin lymphoma to 1.49 (1.45 to 1.53) for corpus uteri cancer. While BMI was negatively associated to five cancer types in the linear analyses of the overall population, accounting for non-linearity revealed that BMI was associated to prostate cancer in a U-shaped manner and to head and neck, esophagus, larynx, and trachea, bronchus and lung cancers in an L-shaped fashion, suggesting that low BMIs are an approximation of heavy smoking. Of the 291,305 participants with a WC measurement, 27,837 were diagnosed with cancer. The 99%CIs of the BMI and WC point estimates (per 1 standard deviation increment) overlapped for all cancers. In this large Southern European study, a higher BMI was associated with increased risk of twelve cancers, including four hematological and head and neck (only among never smokers) cancers. Furthermore, BMI and WC showed comparable estimates of cancer risk associated with adiposity. Supplementary information accompanies this paper at 10.1186/s12916-020-01877-3

Ocorrência of dental pathalogies in sheep produced in a coal region

A exploração do carvão pode causar prejuízos ao meio ambiente e à produção animal e, dentre os subprodutos lançados na atmosfera, o flúor pode causar intoxicação nos animais reduzindo sua vida produtiva. O presente estudo teve como objetivo monitorar os efeitos decorrentes da combustão do carvão mineral de uma usina termelétrica em ovinos, a partir da observação de alterações dentárias. Para tanto, em um período de três anos, visitaram-se cinco unidades produtivas sendo quatro situadas em área sob influência da Usina (EA2, EA3, EA4 e EA5) e uma fora do perímetro de influência da Usina (EA1). Verificou-se a presença de alterações dentárias em 693 ovinos (número de dentes, exposição de polpa, tipo de desgaste, má oclusão e presença de cristas, cáries e dentes oblíquos) e 310 ovinos tiveram seus dentes incisivos fotografados para posterior classificação quanto ao índice de mosqueamento (lesões dentárias compatíveis com intoxicação crônica por flúor- mensurados de 1 a 5). Verificou-se que a EA2 apresenta maior ocorrência de desgaste excessivo dos dentes e maior frequencia de índice de mosqueamento 4 e 5, enquanto na EA1 (controle) a ocorrência maior foi do índice 2 e nas demais EAs, os índices 2 e 3. Determinou-se que a EA2 apresentou índice médio de mosqueamento significativamente (p<0,001) maior que as estações EA1 (controle), EA3 e EA4.Comparando-se os índices de mosqueamento dicotomizados em menores de três (<3 = sem lesão) e maior ou igual a três (≥3 = fluorose), verificou-se diferença significativa (p < 0,05) no índice médio entre EA2 e EA1 (controle). Determinou-se que os ovinos criados na área de influência das emissões atmosféricas da usina termoelétrica possuem maior risco (OR = 2,18) de aparecimento de mosqueamento do que aqueles criados na unidade controle, sendo que os ovinos da EA2 (OR = 5,78) são aqueles que apresentam risco maior. Embora as alterações dentárias identificadas nos ovinos avaliados tenham sido evidenciadas de forma discreta, essas foram significativas entre as Estações Amostrais e com a unidade controle. A utilização destes critérios de monitoramento, agregados a outros são fundamentais para preservação de ecossistemas, e bem-estar animal como o bioma pampa.Coal exploitation may cause damage to the environment and livestock and, among the by-products released into the atmosphere, the fluorine can cause intoxication in animals by reducing their productive life. The objective of this study was to monitor the effects of pollution caused by the combustion of coal in a thermoelectric plant in sheep, from the observation of dental abnormalities. In the period of trhee years, we visited five production units of the region: four located in an area under the influence of the Plant (EA2, EA3, EA4 and EA5) and outside the perimeter of influence of Plant (EA1). It was found that the presence of dental abnormalities in 693 sheep (number of teeth, exposure of pulp, type of wear, malocclusion and presence of crests, tooth decay, tooth oblique) and 310 sheep had their incisor teeth photographed for later classification on the index of dental mottling (dental lesions compatible with chronic intoxication by fluorine). It was found that the EA2 presents a higher occurrence of excessive wear teeth and greater frequency of index of mosqueamento 4 and 5, while that in EA1 (control) the greater occurrence was the index 2 and in other areas, the indices 2 and 3. It was determined that the EA2 presented average index of mosqueamento significantly (p< 0.001) greater than the stations EA1 (control), EA3 and EA4. Comparing dichotomized mottling indices in less than three (<3 = no injury) and greater than or equal to three (≥3 =fluorosis), there was significant difference (p < 0.05) in average index between EA2 and EA1 (control). It was determined that the sheep in the area of influence of atmospheric emissions of the plant (UTPM) have a higher risk (OR = 2.18) of the appearance of mosqueamento than those reared on control unit, and the sheep of the EA2 (OR = 5.78) are those that have a higher risk. Although the dental abnormalities identified in sheep evaluated have been evidenced in a discreet, these were significant among the Sampling Stations and the control unit. It was found that the quantities of fluoride and silica found in the pasture are relatively low, in isolation, trigger dental lesions. The use of these criteria for monitoring, aggregated with other are fundamental for preservation of ecosystems, such as the Pampa biome