Advances in Old-Fashioned Heterotic String Model Building

I review findings of various research groups regarding perturbative heterotic string model building in the last 12 months. Attention is given to recent studies of extra U(1)'s and local discrete symmetries (LDS's) in generic string models. Issues covered include the role of U(1)'s and LDS's in limiting proton decay, developments in classification of models containing anomalous U(1), and possible complications resulting from kinetic mixing between observable and hidden sector U(1)'s. Additionally, recent string-derived and string-inspired models are briefly reviewed. Talk Presented at SUSY '97.Comment: Talk presented at SUSY'97. Latex w/ espcrc2.sty, 10 pages, reference corrections and update

4-Formyl­phenyl 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-β-d-galactopyran­oside

The galactose ring in the title compound, C21H24O11, has a chair conformation with the substituted benzene ring occupying an equatorial position. The crystal packing features C—H⋯O inter­actions that lead to the formation of supra­molecular layers in the ab plane

4-Formyl­phenyl 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-β-d-glucopyran­oside

The pyran­oside ring in the title compound, C21H24O11, has a chair conformation with the substituted benzene ring occupying an equatorial position. The crystal packing is dominated by C—H⋯O inter­actions that lead to the formation of supra­molecular layers in the ab plane

trans-Di-chlorido-bis-(dimethyl sulfoxide-κO)bis-(4-fluoro-benzyl-κC(1))tin(IV):crystal structure and Hirshfeld surface analysis

The Sn(IV) atom in the title diorganotin compound, [Sn(C7H6F)2Cl2(C2H6OS)2], is located on a centre of inversion, resulting in the C2Cl2O2 donor set having an all-trans disposition of like atoms. The coordination geometry approximates an octa-hedron. The crystal features C-H⋯F, C-H⋯Cl and C-H⋯π inter-actions, giving rise to a three-dimensional network. The respective influences of the Cl⋯H/H⋯Cl and F⋯H/H⋯F contacts to the mol-ecular packing are clearly evident from the analysis of the Hirshfeld surface

trans-Di-chlorido-bis-(dimethyl sulfoxide-κO)bis-(4-fluoro-benzyl-κC(1))tin(IV):crystal structure and Hirshfeld surface analysis

The Sn(IV) atom in the title diorganotin compound, [Sn(C7H6F)2Cl2(C2H6OS)2], is located on a centre of inversion, resulting in the C2Cl2O2 donor set having an all-trans disposition of like atoms. The coordination geometry approximates an octa-hedron. The crystal features C-H⋯F, C-H⋯Cl and C-H⋯π inter-actions, giving rise to a three-dimensional network. The respective influences of the Cl⋯H/H⋯Cl and F⋯H/H⋯F contacts to the mol-ecular packing are clearly evident from the analysis of the Hirshfeld surface

Drug carriers in cancer therapy: Administration, formulation and characterization

ABSTRACT Besides the active ingredient, matters of administration are of tremendous importance for the performance of a drug. A variety of carriers, differing in morphology and composition can be applied to enhance the efficiency of pharmaceutical active compounds. This review addresses common administration routes for cancer chemotherapy, i.e. intravenous injection, oral and transdermal application, and presents related carriers. Emphasis has been placed on vesicular systems, which are particularly useful for intravenous and oral administration. In view of considerable morphological impacts on the performance of a drug, methods for the physico-chemical characterization of carriers, covering size, encapsulation efficiency and drug release, are addressed as well