Analyse intersectionnelle de la solidarité des intérêts au World Congress of Representative Women (Chicago, 1893)

Dans cet article, nous situons le World Congress of Representative Women tenu à Chicago en 1893, première rencontre internationale de grande envergure organisée par et pour des femmes représentant diverses nations et divers groupes de femmes dans son contexte historique, celui de l’exposition universelle colombienne organisée par une Amérique en pleine expansion impérialiste. À l’aide d’un cadre d’analyse féministe intersectionnelle, nous analysons les intersections entre divers rapports de pouvoir en jeu lors de cet événement et nous illustrons certaines limites de la solidarité internationale lors de la constitution des premiers réseaux internationaux de groupes de femmes. En conclusion, nous nous interrogeons sur les pratiques actuelles de certains réseaux transnationaux de femmes en présence aux Nations Unies.The World Congress of Representative Women was held in Chicago in 1893. It was the first large-scale international gathering organised by and for women representing many countries and a wide variety of women’s groups. This article analyses the event in its historical context, that of a world peace exhibition organised by a United States characterised by rising imperialism. Using a feminist and intersectional framework, this article examines the intersection of the various power relations in play at this event and documents some of the limits to international solidarity evident when the first international women’s networks were being constituted. The conclusion raises questions about the practices of some contemporary transnational women’s networks at the United Nations

De la pensée à l’action économique : Étienne Clémentel (1864-1936), un ministre visionnaire

International audienceThe discovery in his personal Archives of two initially misdated manuscripts, reveals that, already since 1900, Étienne Clémentel who was a well established French Radical, had, on the basis of self-education – particularly of Charles Gide’s publications – cleverly analyzed the mechanisms and the structure of his time economics. Influenced by the Solidarism and applying his own economic doctrine, Clémentel put the latter in practice starting in 1915 during the World War I. He remains a leading player of economic modernization until the mid-thirties, he is the father of numerous economic institutions, such as for instance the International Chamber of Commerce.La découverte dans les archives Clémentel de deux manuscrits initialement mal datés, révèle que dès 1900, ce notable radical d’Auvergne avait, à partir de lectures dans lesquelles le rôle de Charles Gide apparaît essentiel, analysé avec finesse l’histoire et les ressorts de l’économie politique de son temps. Influencé par le Solidarisme et pourvu d’une doctrine économique, Clémentel la met en pratique dans le cadre de l’économie de guerre à partir de 1915. Jusqu’au milieu des années 1930 il est un acteur majeur de la modernisation économique au sens le plus moderne du terme. Il est à l’origine de nombreuses institutions économiques, parmi lesquelles la Chambre de Commerce Internationale

Communes de Chamboulive, Espartignac, Lagraulière, Naves, Saint-Clément, Saint-Jal, Saint-Salvadour et Seilhac

Les campagnes 2017 et 2018 ont permis d’enrichir le corpus des champs prospectés avec 108 nouvelles références, passant ainsi de 309 à 427. Nous avons identifié 28 nouveaux sites qui ont livré des indices archéologiques plus ou moins abondants ou significatifs : 8 sites préhistoriques à Chamboulive pour 48 champs visités ; 2 sites préhistoriques à Espartignac pour 4 champs visités ; 1 site gallo-romain à Lagraulière pour 3 champs visités ; 1 site préhistorique et 1 site préhistorique et gallo..

Communes de Beaumont, Chamboulive, Espartignac, Lagraulière, Naves, Saint-Jal, Saint-Salvadour et Seilhac

Au cours de l’année 2020, 104 nouveaux sites ont été prospectés et éventuellement documentés. Initialement limitées aux seuls sites gallo-romains dûment répertoriés sur la base Patriarche, les recherches se sont progressivement étendues à l’ensemble des territoires communaux. Elles sont guidées par des voies anciennes susceptibles d’être associées à des bâtiments. Le réseau prospecté totalise 39,49 km de voies.Des indices d’occupation gallo-romaine ont été recueillis ou sont déjà documentés ..

Mine Action and the Reintegration of Former Combatants: Expanding the Debate

In the last decades, humanitarian mine action (HMA) and disarmament, demobilization, and reintegration (DDR)2 processes have increasingly been recognized as essential to paving the way for sustainable development thanks to their contributions towards human security, livelihood, and access to services. The integration between the two processes, however, has not yet been fully addressed in the literature or practice. This paper seeks to identify areas where DDR and HMA intersect and, supported by anecdotal evidence, suggest a conceptual framework for future research and implementation. Most importantly, we hope to widen the debate on the potentially synergic relationship between HMA and DDR, flag possible fallacies or oversimplifications, and challenge solely “top-down” approaches

GLOBALIZAÇÃO E MOVIMENTO DAS MULHERES NO QUEBEC

Em seguida à um balanço das estratégias dos movimentos das mulheres que foram analisados como resistências, da s ações modernizantes ou das alternativas pós- modernas, a autora propõe-se a ultrapassar a s contradições teóricas na análise destas estratégias aceitando precisamente o fato de que possam ser contraditórias, como estratégias de resistência e estratégias criativas, inspirando-se às vezes de princípios herdados da modernidade, ma s aplicados em contextos históricos pós-modernos, criando as sim novos sentidos e novas definições, que podem traduzir-se em identidades fluidas

Que célébrer 30 ans après l’Année internationale de la femme : une crise au sein des mouvements internationaux de femmes ?

L’article présente un bref bilan des trente dernières années quant au traitement de la question des femmes par les Nations Unies. Il analyse les débats menés au sein des mouvements internationaux de femmes quant à la pertinence de revendiquer la tenue d’une Cinquième Conférence mondiale sur les femmes en 2005. Ces discussions laissent entrevoir une crise au sein des mouvements internationaux de femmes, crise liée autant à des facteurs internes aux mouvements (démobilisation, dépolitisation, manque de représentativité) qu’à des facteurs externes (contexte politique international défavorable à la promotion des droits des femmes). Divers éléments de solution à cette crise sont abordés en conclusion.This article presents a brief appraisal of the last thirty years of the United Nations (UN) engagement on women’s issues. It examines recent debates amongst international women’s movements concerning the strategic benefits and dangers of a fifth UN conference on women in 2005. This article concludes that these discussions reveal a crisis among international women’s movements. This crisis is linked to internal factors (such as demobilisation, depolitisation and lack of representativeness) and external factors, such as an international political context where there is a risk of backlash against women’s rights. This article also highlights some solutions to this crisis

Small vertebrates running on uneven terrain : a biomechanical study of two differently specialised lacertid lizards

While running, small animals frequently encounter large terrain variations relative to their body size, therefore, terrain variations impose important functional demands on small animals. Nonetheless, we have previously observed in lizards that running specialists can maintain a surprisingly good running performance on very uneven terrains. The relatively large terrain variations are ofset by their capacity for leg adjustability that ensures a ‘smooth ride’ of the centre of mass (CoM). The question as to how the efect of an uneven terrain on running performance and locomotor costs difers between species exhibiting diverse body build and locomotor specializations remains. We hypothesise that specialized runners with long hind limbs can cross uneven terrain more efciently than specialized climbers with a dorso-ventrally fattened body and equally short fore and hind limbs. This study reports 3D kinematics using high-speed videos (325Hz) to investigate leg adjustability and CoM movements in two lacertid lizards (Acanthodactylus boskianus, running specialist; Podarcis muralis, climbing specialist). We investigated these parameters while the animals were running on a level surface and over a custommade uneven terrain. We analysed the CoM dynamics, we evaluated the fuctuations of the positive and negative mechanical energy, and we estimated the overall cost of transport. Firstly, the results reveal that the climbers ran at lower speeds on fat level terrain but had the same cost of transport as the runners. Secondly, contrary to the running specialists, the speed was lower and the energy expenditure higher in the climbing specialists while running on uneven terrain. While leg movements adjust to the substrates’ variations and enhance the stability of the CoM in the running specialist, this is not the case in the climbing specialist. Although their legs are kept more extended, the amplitude of movement does not change, resulting in an increase of the movement of the CoM and a decrease in locomotor efciency. These results are discussed in light of the respective (micro-)habitat of these species and suggest that energy economy can also be an important factor for small vertebrates