30 research outputs found
Covered in stigma? The impact of differing levels of Islamic headâcovering on explicit and implicit biases toward Muslim women
Given the prominence of Muslim veilsâin particular the hijab and fullâface veilâin public discourse concerning the place of Muslims in Western society, we examined their impact on nonâMuslimsâ responses at both explicit and implicit levels. Results revealed that responses were more negative toward any veil compared with no veil, and more negative toward the fullâface veil relative to the hijab: for emotions felt toward veiled women (Study 1), for nonâaffective attitudinal responses (Study 2), and for implicit negative attitudes revealed through response latency measures (Studies 3a and 3b). Finally, we manipulated the perceived reasons for wearing a veil, finding that exposure to positive reasons for wearing a veil led to better predicted and imagined contact (Study 4). Practical and theoretical implications are discussed
The relationship of weight change trajectory with medial temporal lobe atrophy in patients with mild Alzheimerâs disease: results from a cohort study
Possible predictors of involuntary weight loss in patients with Alzheimer's disease
Loss in body mass (âBM) is a common feature in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the etiology of this phenomenon is unclear. The aim of this cohort study was to observe possible âBM in AD patients following a standard institutionalized diet. Secondary objective was to identify possible predictors of âBM. To this end, 85 AD patients (age: 76±4 yrs; stature: 165±3 cm; BM: 61.6±7.4 kg; mean±standard deviation) and 86 controls (CTRL; age: 78±5 yrs; stature: 166±4 cm; BM: 61.7±6.4 kg) were followed during one year of standard institutionalized diet (~1800 kcal/24h). BM, daily energy expenditure, albuminemia, number of medications taken, and cortisolism, were recorded PRE and POST the observation period. Potential predictors of âBM in women (W) and men (M) with AD were calculated with a forward stepwise regression model. After one year of standard institutionalized diet, BM decreased significantly in AD (-2.5 kg; p < 0.01), while in CTRL remained unchanged (-0.4 kg; p = 0.8). AD patients and CTRL exhibited similar levels of daily energy expenditure (~1625 kcal/24h). The combination of three factors, number of medications taken, albuminemia, and cortisolism, predicted âBM in W with AD. At contrary, the best predictor of âBM in M with AD was the cortisolism. Despite a controlled energy intake and similar energy expenditure, both W and M with AD suffered of âBM. Therefore, controlled diet did not prevent this phenomenon. The assessments of these variables may predict W and M with AD at risk of weight loss
Weight loss and undernutrition in community-dwelling patients with Alzheimer's dementia From population based studies to clinical management
Weight loss and undernutrition are commonly described in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and have been associated with various adverse outcomes. Therefore, it is important to know what the best approach is to community-dwelling AD patients with a risk of developing a poor nutritional status; however, there is currently no evidence on which to base nutritional recommendations. Expert based recommendations are that the nutritional status should be part of the work-up of all AD patients. If weight loss of 5 % or more has occurred in 3-6 months or if the mini-nutritional assessment (MNA) classifies a patient as undernourished, a nutritional intervention should be started. The intervention should be multifactorial and encompass treatment of the underlying proposed causes and risk factors of weight loss and undernutrition as well as improvement of the nutritional status by increasing energy and protein intake combined with daily physical activity