Normal Analytic Functions and a Question of M. L. Cartwright

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/135567/1/jlms0467.pd

Scottish baths 1868-1914 : and their conservation

The purpose of this thesis is to stimulate interest in those buildings housing swimming ponds, constructed during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries in Scotland, so that the erosion of their quality can he halted and further demolition prevented. Factors influencing the development of swimming are considered from the eighteenth century until the activities popularisation in the late nineteenth century. This allows an appreciation of Bath buildings set against a social and historical framework. Having established the general qualities, both tangible and intangible, there follows a more detailed analysis of typical styles, structure, finishes and commonly executed alterations. The current value of Baths and measures which should he implemented to retain their distinctive character are discussed in the conclusion which urges the adoption of more comprehensive listing criteria and a more sensitive approach to future refurbishment work. Such action is impossible without a thematic ground-line, hence a gazetteer has been compiled offering historical background, descriptions and an indication of the past and present condition of these structures

A Comparison of the Strengths and Weaknesses of Small-Format Aerial Photography Platforms

The demand for small-format aerial photography continues to grow in large part due to the rapid adoption of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). Prior to the explosion of UAV use, this kind of photography was collected using older technologies such as tethered kites and blimps. Due to the increased demand for aerial imagery, this article looks at four platforms commonly used to collect small-format aerial imagery: multi-rotor UAVs, fixed-wing UAVs, kites, and blimps. Practical use considerations are explored, including characteristics of flight and operation, atmospheric and site factors, imaging sensors and costs, and regulatory limitations. Each of the four categories of lifting platform have their strengths and limitations, and they often complement one another. UAVs tends to be more maneuverable and able to cover more ground, but they have limited flight times due to battery technology limitations. They also have clearly defined regulatory requirements for use, whereas the tethered platforms have very few legal restrictions on use. In some cases, a tethered platform may be the only legal option for gathering small-format aerial imagery at a location. There is no one perfect option that will fill all needs, but rather multiple solutions that are better suited to some situations than others. The ways in which some of these strengths and limitations may change in the future in regards to technology and regulations is also discussed

Referral for menstrual problems:cross sectional survey of symptoms, reasons for referral, and management

OBJECTIVES: To describe the menstrual experience of women referred for menstrual problems, in particular menorrhagia (excessive menstrual loss), and to assess associations with reasons for referral given by their general practitioners, the women's understanding of the reasons for their attendance at the hospital clinics, and clinic outcome. DESIGN: Questionnaire survey, with partial review of case notes after 8 months. SETTING: Three hospital gynaecology clinics in Glasgow and Edinburgh. PARTICIPANTS: 952 women completed the questionnaire, and the first 665 were reviewed. OUTCOME MEASURES: Reason for referral, women's reported menstrual problems and reason for clinic attendance, diagnosis, and treatment. RESULTS: Only 38% (95% confidence interval 34% to 41%) of women reported excessive menstrual loss as a severe problem. However 60% (57-63%) gave it as reason for attending a clinic, and 76% (73-79%) of general practitioners gave it as reason for referral. Reason for referral was significantly biased towards bleeding (McNemar odds ratio 4.01, 3.0 to 5.3, P<0.001) and against pain (0.54, 0.4 to 0.7, P<0.001). Dysfunctional uterine bleeding was diagnosed in 37% (31-42%) of the 259 women who gave as reason for attendance something other than bleeding. Women who were economically disadvantaged differed in prevalence of the main diagnoses and were more likely to fail to reattend. Hysterectomy was associated with referral for bleeding (relative risk 4.9, 1.6 to 15.6, P<0.001) but not with the patient stating bleeding as the reason for clinic attendance. CONCLUSIONS: Intolerance of the volume of their bleeding is not a key feature among women attending clinics for bleeding problems. Broad menstrual complaint tends to be reframed as excessive bleeding at referral and during management. This may result in women receiving inappropriate care. Conceptualisation and assessment of menorrhagia requires reconsideration

Functional characterization and identification of mouse Rad51d splice variants

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The homologous recombination (HR) pathway is vital for maintaining genomic integrity through the restoration of double-stranded breaks and interstrand crosslinks. The RAD51 paralogs (RAD51B, RAD51C, RAD51D, XRCC2, XRCC3) are essential for this process in vertebrates, and the RAD51D paralog is unique in that it participates in both HR repair and telomere maintenance. RAD51D is also known to directly interact with the RAD51C and XRCC2 proteins. <it>Rad51d </it>splice variants have been reported in mouse and human tissues, supportive of a role for alternative splicing in HR regulation. The present study evaluated the interaction of the <it>Rad51d </it>splice isoform products with RAD51C and XRCC2 and their expression patterns.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Yeast-2-hybrid analysis was used to determine that the <it>Mus musculus Rad51d </it>splice variant product RAD51DΔ7b (deleted for residues 219 through 223) was capable of interacting with both RAD51C and XRCC2 and that RAD51D+int3 interacted with XRCC2. In addition, the linker region (residues 54 through 77) of RAD51D was identified as a region that potentially mediates binding with XRCC2. Cellular localization, detected by EGFP fusion proteins, demonstrated that each of the splice variant products tested was distributed throughout the cell similar to the full-length protein. However, none of the splice variants were capable of restoring resistance of <it>Rad51d</it>-deficient cell lines to mitomycin C. RT-PCR expression analysis revealed that <it>Rad51dΔ3 </it>(deleted for exon 3) and <it>Rad51dΔ5 </it>(deleted for exon 5)transcripts display tissue specific expression patterns with <it>Rad51dΔ3 </it>being detected in each tissue except ovary and <it>Rad51dΔ5 </it>not detected in mammary gland and testis. These expression studies also led to the identification of two additional <it>Rad51d </it>ubiquitously expressed transcripts, one deleted for both exon 9 and 10 and one deleted for only exon 10.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>These results suggest <it>Rad51d </it>alternative splice variants potentially modulate mechanisms of HR by sequestering either RAD51C or XRCC2.</p

Computer memories: the history of computer form

This paper looks at the computer as a truly global form. The similar beige boxes found in offices across the world are analysed from the perspective of design history rather than that of the history of science and technology. Through the exploration of an archive of computer manufacturer's catalogues and concurrent design texts, this paper examines the changes that have occurred in the production and consumption of the computer in the context of the workplace, from its inception as a room-sized mainframe operated through a console of flashing lights, to the personal computer as a 'universal' form, reproduced by many manufacturers. It shows how the computer in the past has been as diverse as any other product, and asks how and why it now appears as a standardised, sanitised object. In doing so our relationship with the office computer, past and present is explored, revealing a complex history of vicissitude.</p

Modulation of selenium tissue distribution and selenoproteins expression in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) fed diets with graded levels of plant ingredients

Increased substitution of marine ingredients by terrestrial plant products in aquafeeds has proved to be suitable for Atlantic salmon farming. However, a reduction in omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids is a consequence of this substitution. In contrast, relatively little attention has been paid to the effects of fish meal and oil substitution on levels of micronutrients such as selenium (Se), considering fish are major sources of this mineral for human consumers. To evaluate the effects of dietary marine ingredient substitution on tissue Se distribution and the expression of Se metabolism and antioxidant enzymes genes, Atlantic salmon were fed three feeds based on commercial formulations with increasing levels of plant proteins (PP) and vegetable oil. Lipid content did not vary at any sampling point in flesh, whereas was higher in fish fed higher PP in liver of 1 kg fish. Fatty acid content reflected dietary input and was related to oxidation levels. Liver had the highest Se levels, followed by head kidney whereas the lowest contents were found in brain and gill. The Se concentration of flesh decreased considerably with high levels of substitution, reducing the added value of fish consumption. Only brain showed significant differences in glutathione peroxidase, tRNA selenocysteine associated protein 1 and superoxide dismutase expression, whereas no significant regulation of Se related genes was found in liver. Although Se levels in the diets satisfied essential requirements of salmon, high PP levels led to a reduction in the supply of this essential micronutrient

Oral mucosal injury caused by mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitors: emerging perspectives on pathobiology and impact on clinical practice.

In recent years oral mucosal injury has been increasingly recognized as an important toxicity associated with mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitors, including in patients with breast cancer who are receiving everolimus. This review addresses the state-of-the-science regarding mTOR inhibitor-associated stomatitis (mIAS), and delineates its clinical characteristics and management. Given the clinically impactful pain associated with mIAS, this review also specifically highlights new research focusing on the study of the molecular basis of pain. The incidence of mIAS varies widely (2-78%). As reported across multiple mTOR inhibitor clinical trials, grade 3/4 toxicity occurs in up to 9% of patients. Managing mTOR-associated oral lesions with topical oral, intralesional, and/or systemic steroids can be beneficial, in contrast to the lack of evidence supporting steroid treatment of oral mucositis caused by high-dose chemotherapy or radiation. However, steroid management is not uniformly efficacious in all patients receiving mTOR inhibitors. Furthermore, technology does not presently exist to permit clinicians to predict a priori which of their patients will develop these lesions. There thus remains a strategic need to define the pathobiology of mIAS, the molecular basis of pain, and risk prediction relative to development of the clinical lesion. This knowledge could lead to novel future interventions designed to more effectively prevent mIAS and improve pain management if clinically significant mIAS lesions develop

Opportunistic decision-making in government: concept formation, variety and explanation

The notion of opportunism is too often used loosely in policy and administrative research on executive decision-making: its various meanings are too rarely clearly distinguished. To make it useful for explanation, this article presents fresh concept formation work, clarifying the concept to recognize different kinds and degrees of opportunism. To illustrate the use of the refined concept, the article examines key decisions by British cabinets and core executives between 1945 and 1990. It proposes that neo-Durkheimian institutional theory can help to explain why different kinds of opportunism are cultivated in differently ordered administrations, so providing new insight into decision-making.This work was supported by the Leverhulme Trust (grant number: F01374I