O PROJETO DE MICROBACIAS II E A INSERÇÃO DOS PEQUENOS CAFEICULTORES DE PARDINHO E PRATÂNIA NA CADEIA PRODUTIVA DO CAFÉ

A pesquisa tem como objetivo analisar o Projeto de Desenvolvimento Rural Sustentável Microbacias II – Acesso ao mercado (PDRS) nos Municípios de Pratânia e Pardinho, localizados no Estado de São Paulo. Os dois municípios compõem o Escritório de Desenvolvimento Rural (EDR) de Botucatu que apresentou expressividade na aprovação dos planos de negócios nas cinco primeiras chamadas públicas do projeto. Tendo em vista que o produto é uma commoditie agrícola, procurou-se analisar a cadeia produtiva no contexto da globalização, considerando a atuação e o poder de barganha das grandes tradings no mercado. Para alcançar os objetivos pretendidos foram realizados a revisão da literatura, consultados dados no IBGE e Portal LUPA. Também foram realizadas entrevistas com os presidentes das duas associações com planos de negócios aprovados pelo Microbacias II e com os técnicos executores das respectivas propostas e aplicados formulários a produtores rurais associados que participam das propostas de negócio

Diagnóstico da rede de atendimento laboratorial de hanseníase no Departamento Regional de Saúde XV, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo

Objective. To present the situational diagnosis of the laboratory reference network for leprosy in the region of São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil. Methods. An online form was sent to each person responsible for the leprosy program. Results. All 102 municipalities that make up the region sent the requested data, 82.4% (84/102) requested slit skin smear microscopy and of these 68 received training. Of the total, 11.7% send slit skin smear to other laboratories without respecting the reference network. Only 57.8% (59/102) requested a biopsy, of these 47 had a doctor responsible for the collection and 31 didn´t respect the reference network for forwarding the biopsies. Aspects that make it difficult to diagnose leprosy cases in the region have been described as the lack of an adequate room, trained professionals, the absence of material for transportation and the request for printed exams. Conclusion. The laboratory network is fragile and needs to be respected in its initial composition or reorganized.Objetivo. Apresentar o diagnóstico situacional da rede laboratorial para hanseníase na região de São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brasil. Métodos. Pesquisa de avaliação com desenho descritivo. Os dados foram coletados por meio de formulário online preenchido pelos responsáveis do programa de hanseníase, em 2018. Resultados. Todos os 102 municípios que compõem a região enviaram os dados solicitados, 84 (82,4%) solicitavam a baciloscopia e destes, 68 receberam capacitação. Do total, 11,7% enviavam baciloscopia para outros laboratórios sem respeitar a rede de referência. Apenas 59 (57,8%) solicitavam a biópsia e destes, 47 tinham médico responsável pela coleta e 31 não respeitavam a rede de referência para encaminhamento das biópsias. Foram descritos, como aspectos que dificultavam o diagnóstico dos casos de hanseníase na região, a falta de sala adequada, poucos profissionais capacitados, ausência de material para transporte e de requisição de exames impressa. Conclusão. A rede laboratorial se encontra fragilizada, necessitando reestruturação

ATLANTIC EPIPHYTES: a data set of vascular and non-vascular epiphyte plants and lichens from the Atlantic Forest

Epiphytes are hyper-diverse and one of the frequently undervalued life forms in plant surveys and biodiversity inventories. Epiphytes of the Atlantic Forest, one of the most endangered ecosystems in the world, have high endemism and radiated recently in the Pliocene. We aimed to (1) compile an extensive Atlantic Forest data set on vascular, non-vascular plants (including hemiepiphytes), and lichen epiphyte species occurrence and abundance; (2) describe the epiphyte distribution in the Atlantic Forest, in order to indicate future sampling efforts. Our work presents the first epiphyte data set with information on abundance and occurrence of epiphyte phorophyte species. All data compiled here come from three main sources provided by the authors: published sources (comprising peer-reviewed articles, books, and theses), unpublished data, and herbarium data. We compiled a data set composed of 2,095 species, from 89,270 holo/hemiepiphyte records, in the Atlantic Forest of Brazil, Argentina, Paraguay, and Uruguay, recorded from 1824 to early 2018. Most of the records were from qualitative data (occurrence only, 88%), well distributed throughout the Atlantic Forest. For quantitative records, the most common sampling method was individual trees (71%), followed by plot sampling (19%), and transect sampling (10%). Angiosperms (81%) were the most frequently registered group, and Bromeliaceae and Orchidaceae were the families with the greatest number of records (27,272 and 21,945, respectively). Ferns and Lycophytes presented fewer records than Angiosperms, and Polypodiaceae were the most recorded family, and more concentrated in the Southern and Southeastern regions. Data on non-vascular plants and lichens were scarce, with a few disjunct records concentrated in the Northeastern region of the Atlantic Forest. For all non-vascular plant records, Lejeuneaceae, a family of liverworts, was the most recorded family. We hope that our effort to organize scattered epiphyte data help advance the knowledge of epiphyte ecology, as well as our understanding of macroecological and biogeographical patterns in the Atlantic Forest. No copyright restrictions are associated with the data set. Please cite this Ecology Data Paper if the data are used in publication and teaching events. © 2019 The Authors. Ecology © 2019 The Ecological Society of Americ

Políticas públicas de apoio à agricultura e aos circuitos curtos de comercialização na região Midi-Pyrénées (França) e o Projeto de Microbacias II, no estado de São Paulo (Brasil)

O objetivo principal do artigo é apresentar os resultados obtidos a partir de estágio de pesquisa realizado no Sul da França. Na pesquisa do Brasil estudamos o Projeto de Microbacias II, nos municípios de Pratânia e Pardinho, localizados no estado de São Paulo. A partir da experiência francesa, pretendemos indicar algumas proposições de novos canais de comercialização como os circuitos curtos de proximidade, por considerar essas formas de troca mais adequadas da agricultura familiar. Tomamos como referência empírica a área rural do Departamento Haute-Garonne na região dos Médios-Pirineus

Vitamin a deficiency in mothers and children in the state of Pernambuco

Made available in DSpace on 2014-11-14T10:54:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Deficiência de Vitamina A em mães e filhos no Estado de Pernambuco.pdf: 107060 bytes, checksum: 6e15649d4d7c07f0c9dcebf56c7fd3af (MD5) license.txt: 1914 bytes, checksum: 7d48279ffeed55da8dfe2f8e81f3b81f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Nacional de Saúde da Mulher, da Criança e do Adolescente Fernandes Figueira. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Nacional de Saúde da Mulher, da Criança e do Adolescente Fernandes Figueira. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Nacional de Saúde da Mulher, da Criança e do Adolescente Fernandes Figueira. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Universidade Federal de Pernambuco. Centro de Ciências da Saúde. Departamento de Nutrição. Recife, PE, Brasil.Instituto de Medicina Integral Professor Fernando Figueira. Recife, PE, Brasil.Analisou-se a prevalência e os fatores associados à deficiência de vitamina A (DVA) em mães (664) e seus filhos (790) menores de cinco anos em Pernambuco/2006. Estudo transversal populacional, com amostra representativa do meio urbano e rural. A DVA foi definida como níveis de retinol sérico < 20μg/dL para os dois grupos (mães e filhos). Análises bi e multivariadas foram realizadas utilizando o modelo log-log complementar como função de ligação adotando-se modelo de ordenação hierárquica explicativa da DVA para as crianças e modelo logístico para as mães. A prevalência de DVA foi 6,9% nas mães e 16,1% em seus filhos, com ocorrências semelhantes para cada grupo na comparação urbano x rural. Na área urbana, o regime de ocupação da moradia teve relação significante com a DVA nas mães. Para crianças urbanas, após o ajuste final do modelo, figuraram como variáveis preditivas a idade da mãe; nº de consultas pré-natais e peso ao nascer. No meio rural a DVA materna se associou à DVA dos filhos RP = 3,99 (IC:1,73-9,19), ao peso ao nascer e diarreia nos últimos 15 dias. A DVA mantém-se como um problema de saúde pública em Pernambuco, com marcantes diferenças de prevalência e fatores associados em mães e filhos.The prevalence and risk factors associated with vitamin A deficiency (VAD) were analyzed in 664 mothers and their 790 children under the age of five in Pernambuco in 2006. A population- based cross-sectional study, with a representative sample in urban and rural areas was conducted. VAD was defined as serum retinol levels < 20 mg/dL for both groups (mothers and children). Bi and multivariate analysis were performed using the complementary log-log model as a link function adopting a model of explanatory hierarchical order of VAD to children and a logistic model for mothers. The prevalence of VAD was 6.9% in mothers and 16.1% in their children, with similar statistics for urban and. rural groups. In the urban area, the housing occupation regime had a significant association with VAD in mothers. After the final adjustment of the model for urban children, the mother’s age, the number of pre-natal consultations and birth weight were featured as predictive variables. In rural areas, VAD in mothers is associated with VAD in children; PR=3.99 (95% CI:1.73-9.19), with their birth weight and the incidence of diarrhea in the previous 15 days. VAD continues to be a public health issue in the state of Pernambuco, with marked variations in prevalence and associated factors in mothers and children

Núcleos de Ensino da Unesp: artigos 2013: volume 2: metodologias de ensino e a apropriação de conhecimento pelos alunos

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP

Núcleos de Ensino da Unesp: artigos 2013: volume 2: metodologias de ensino e a apropriação de conhecimento pelos alunos

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP

Evaluation of a quality improvement intervention to reduce anastomotic leak following right colectomy (EAGLE): pragmatic, batched stepped-wedge, cluster-randomized trial in 64 countries

Background Anastomotic leak affects 8 per cent of patients after right colectomy with a 10-fold increased risk of postoperative death. The EAGLE study aimed to develop and test whether an international, standardized quality improvement intervention could reduce anastomotic leaks. Methods The internationally intended protocol, iteratively co-developed by a multistage Delphi process, comprised an online educational module introducing risk stratification, an intraoperative checklist, and harmonized surgical techniques. Clusters (hospital teams) were randomized to one of three arms with varied sequences of intervention/data collection by a derived stepped-wedge batch design (at least 18 hospital teams per batch). Patients were blinded to the study allocation. Low- and middle-income country enrolment was encouraged. The primary outcome (assessed by intention to treat) was anastomotic leak rate, and subgroup analyses by module completion (at least 80 per cent of surgeons, high engagement; less than 50 per cent, low engagement) were preplanned. Results A total 355 hospital teams registered, with 332 from 64 countries (39.2 per cent low and middle income) included in the final analysis. The online modules were completed by half of the surgeons (2143 of 4411). The primary analysis included 3039 of the 3268 patients recruited (206 patients had no anastomosis and 23 were lost to follow-up), with anastomotic leaks arising before and after the intervention in 10.1 and 9.6 per cent respectively (adjusted OR 0.87, 95 per cent c.i. 0.59 to 1.30; P = 0.498). The proportion of surgeons completing the educational modules was an influence: the leak rate decreased from 12.2 per cent (61 of 500) before intervention to 5.1 per cent (24 of 473) after intervention in high-engagement centres (adjusted OR 0.36, 0.20 to 0.64; P &lt; 0.001), but this was not observed in low-engagement hospitals (8.3 per cent (59 of 714) and 13.8 per cent (61 of 443) respectively; adjusted OR 2.09, 1.31 to 3.31). Conclusion Completion of globally available digital training by engaged teams can alter anastomotic leak rates. Registration number: NCT04270721 (http://www.clinicaltrials.gov)

Geoeconomic variations in epidemiology, ventilation management, and outcomes in invasively ventilated intensive care unit patients without acute respiratory distress syndrome: a pooled analysis of four observational studies

Background: Geoeconomic variations in epidemiology, the practice of ventilation, and outcome in invasively ventilated intensive care unit (ICU) patients without acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) remain unexplored. In this analysis we aim to address these gaps using individual patient data of four large observational studies. Methods: In this pooled analysis we harmonised individual patient data from the ERICC, LUNG SAFE, PRoVENT, and PRoVENT-iMiC prospective observational studies, which were conducted from June, 2011, to December, 2018, in 534 ICUs in 54 countries. We used the 2016 World Bank classification to define two geoeconomic regions: middle-income countries (MICs) and high-income countries (HICs). ARDS was defined according to the Berlin criteria. Descriptive statistics were used to compare patients in MICs versus HICs. The primary outcome was the use of low tidal volume ventilation (LTVV) for the first 3 days of mechanical ventilation. Secondary outcomes were key ventilation parameters (tidal volume size, positive end-expiratory pressure, fraction of inspired oxygen, peak pressure, plateau pressure, driving pressure, and respiratory rate), patient characteristics, the risk for and actual development of acute respiratory distress syndrome after the first day of ventilation, duration of ventilation, ICU length of stay, and ICU mortality. Findings: Of the 7608 patients included in the original studies, this analysis included 3852 patients without ARDS, of whom 2345 were from MICs and 1507 were from HICs. Patients in MICs were younger, shorter and with a slightly lower body-mass index, more often had diabetes and active cancer, but less often chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and heart failure than patients from HICs. Sequential organ failure assessment scores were similar in MICs and HICs. Use of LTVV in MICs and HICs was comparable (42·4% vs 44·2%; absolute difference -1·69 [-9·58 to 6·11] p=0·67; data available in 3174 [82%] of 3852 patients). The median applied positive end expiratory pressure was lower in MICs than in HICs (5 [IQR 5-8] vs 6 [5-8] cm H2O; p=0·0011). ICU mortality was higher in MICs than in HICs (30·5% vs 19·9%; p=0·0004; adjusted effect 16·41% [95% CI 9·52-23·52]; p&lt;0·0001) and was inversely associated with gross domestic product (adjusted odds ratio for a US$10 000 increase per capita 0·80 [95% CI 0·75-0·86]; p&lt;0·0001). Interpretation: Despite similar disease severity and ventilation management, ICU mortality in patients without ARDS is higher in MICs than in HICs, with a strong association with country-level economic status