Effects of consumption of galactooligosaccharides obtained through whey enzymatically modified on the faecal flora and nutritional parameters of hamsters

The aim of this research was to evaluate the influence of wheyenzymatically modified rich in galactooligosaccharides in thenutritional characteristics and effects in the microflora of cecumcontents by the study with Golden Syrian hamsters (Mesocricetusauratus) for 28 days (controlled conditions). Three isoproteic dietswere prepared (20% w/w): C (casein), W (whey) and G (wheymodified). The groups studied differed positively from the C regardingfeed and protein efficiency ratio. The relationships (w/w) oforgan/body were found proportional in all diets. The counts ofprobiotics from the cecum contents the groups showed no difference.The pHs of studied groups were lower than C, this acidity can atimpairs the ability of pathogens to grow in the intestine. Resultssuggest that using whey enzymatically modified rich ingalactooligosaccharides could replace the standard diet withnutritional efficiency and possible inhibit the microorganismspathogenic without induce damage in health.Fil: Dos Santos Da Fonseca, Renata Aline. Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande; Brasil. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Rosario; ArgentinaFil: Rodrigues Machado, Adriana. Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande; BrasilFil: Muniz Moreira, Lidiane. Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande; BrasilFil: Rodrigues, Rosane S.. Universidade Federal de Pelotas; BrasilFil: Machado, Mirian. Universidade Federal de Pelotas; BrasilFil: Souza Soares, Leonor A.. Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande; BrasilFil: Burkert, Carlos André V.. Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande; BrasilFil: Burkert, Janaína Fernandes de Medeiros. Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande; Brasi

SWEET'S SYNDROME - CASE REPORT AND REVIEW OF HOW TO INVESTIGATE AND TREAT

Introdução: A sindrome de Sweet é uma dermatose neutrofílica que apresenta lesões cutâneas agudas na forma de placas e nódulos eritemato edematosos. Outras alterações como febre, leucocitose periférica, artralgia, mialgia, cefaléia, acometimento ocular, oral e de órgãos internos podem ocorrer. O objetivo deste trabalho é discu- tir o quadro clínico, critérios diagnósticos, abordagem investigativa e possíveis tratamentos para esta enfermidade. Caso Clínico: Paciente, sexo feminino, 45 anos, branca, com sindrome de Sweet idiopática tratada com glicocorti- cóides. Ao exame, apresentava placas eritematosas, edematosas com pseudovesiculação na face, tronco, membros superiores e inferiores. O exame histopatológico mostrou intenso edema, infiltrado de neutrófilos, leucocitoclasia e extravasamento de hemácias na derme superior. Discussão: A sindrome de Sweet pode estar relacionada ao uso de medicamentos, gestação, inflamações, infecções e malignidades. As neoplasias mais frequentemente associadas são as hematológicas, em especial a leucemia mielóide aguda. Apesar de os glicocorticóides serem tratamentos de elei- ção na sindrome de Sweet, existem outras alternativas terapêuticas. PALAVRAS-CHAVE – Síndrome de Sweet; Síndrome paraneoplásica; Dermatose neutrofílica. Introduction: Sweet’s syndrome is a neutrophilic dermatosis with acute cutaneous lesions as erythematous edematous plaques and nodules. Other alterations include fever, peripheral leukocytosis, arthralgia, myalgia, cephalea and ophthalmic, oral cavity and internal organs involvement. The purpose of this article is to discuss the clinical condition of the patient, as well as the diagnostic criteria, the approach used to investigate possible associated condi- tions and the different forms of treatment. Case Report: It is about a 45-year old white woman with idiopathic Sweet’s syndrome treated with glucocorticoids. Physical examination revealed erythematous and edematous plaques with pseu- dovesicular appearance on the face, trunk, upper and lower limbs. Histopathology revealed edema, dense neutrophilic infiltrate, leukocytoclasia and extravasation of erythrocytes in the upper dermis.Discussion: Sweet’s syndrome it might be related to the use of medication, pregnancy, inflammation, infection or malignancy. The most commonly associated neoplasias consist of hematological malignancies, particularly acute myeloid leukemia. Although glucocorticoids cons- titute the treatment of choice for Sweet’s syndrome, other therapeutic options exist.KEYWORDS – Sweet syndrome; Paraneoplastic syndromes; Skin diseases.

Guidelines for the management of neuroendocrine tumours by the Brazilian gastrointestinal tumour group

Neuroendocrine tumours are a heterogeneous group of diseases with a significant variety of diagnostic tests and treatment modalities. Guidelines were developed by North American and European groups to recommend their best management. However, local particularities and relativisms found worldwide led us to create Brazilian guidelines. Our consensus considered the best feasible strategies in an environment involving more limited resources. We believe that our recommendations may be extended to other countries with similar economic standards.Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Canc Estado Sao Paulo, BR-01246000 Sao Paulo, BrazilUniv Sao Paulo, Fac Med, Dept Radiol & Oncol, BR-01246903 Sao Paulo, BrazilHosp Sirio Libanes, BR-01308050 Sao Paulo, BrazilHosp Moinhos de Vento Porto Alegre, BR-90035000 Porto Alegre, RS, BrazilOncoctr, BR-30360680 Belo Horizonte, MG, BrazilUniv Fed Rio Grande do Sul, Dept Cirurgia, BR-90040060 Porto Alegre, RS, BrazilHosp Clin Porto Alegre, BR-90035903 Porto Alegre, RS, BrazilUniv Fed Ceara, Fac Med, Dept Fisiol & Farmacol, BR-60020180 Fortaleza, Ceara, BrazilHosp Univ Walter Cantidio, BR-60430370 Fortaleza, Ceara, BrazilInst Nacl Canc, BR-20230240 Rio De Janeiro, BrazilUniv Sao Paulo, Fac Med, Disciplina Endocrinol & Metabol, BR-01246903 Sao Paulo, BrazilAC Camargo Canc Ctr, Dept Surg, BR-01509010 Sao Paulo, BrazilUniv Sao Paulo, Fac Med, Dept Gastroenterol, Sao Paulo, BrazilUniv Fed Ciencias Saude Porto Alegre, BR-90050170 Porto Alegre, RS, BrazilHosp Albert Einstein, BR-05652900 Sao Paulo, BrazilHosp Base, Fac Med Sao Jose do Rio Preto, BR-15090000 Sao Paulo, BrazilSanta Casa Sao Jose do Rio Preto, BR-15025500 Sao Jose Do Rio Preto, BrazilPontificia Univ Catolica Parana, Hosp Erasto Gaertner, BR-81520060 Curitiba, Parana, BrazilUniv Fed Rio Grande do Norte, BR-59300000 Natal, RN, BrazilUniv Sao Paulo, Inst Coracao, BR-05403900 Sao Paulo, BrazilAC Camargo Canc Ctr, Med Oncol, BR-01509010 Sao Paulo, BrazilUniv Fed Sao Paulo, Disciplina Gastroenterol, BR-04021001 Sao Paulo, BrazilHosp Sao Rafael, BR-41253190 Salvador, BA, BrazilHosp Canc Barretos, Dept Cirurgia Aparelho Digest Alto & Hepatobiliop, BR-14784400 Sao Paulo, BrazilUniv Sao Paulo, Fac Med, Dept Patol, BR-01246903 Sao Paulo, BrazilClin AMO, BR-1950640 Salvador, BA, BrazilHosp Sao Jose, BR-01323001 Sao Paulo, BrazilUniv Nove de Julho, BR-02111030 Sao Paulo, BrazilUniv Fed Sao Paulo, Disciplina Gastroenterol, BR-04021001 Sao Paulo, BrazilWeb of Scienc

ATLANTIC EPIPHYTES: a data set of vascular and non-vascular epiphyte plants and lichens from the Atlantic Forest

Epiphytes are hyper-diverse and one of the frequently undervalued life forms in plant surveys and biodiversity inventories. Epiphytes of the Atlantic Forest, one of the most endangered ecosystems in the world, have high endemism and radiated recently in the Pliocene. We aimed to (1) compile an extensive Atlantic Forest data set on vascular, non-vascular plants (including hemiepiphytes), and lichen epiphyte species occurrence and abundance; (2) describe the epiphyte distribution in the Atlantic Forest, in order to indicate future sampling efforts. Our work presents the first epiphyte data set with information on abundance and occurrence of epiphyte phorophyte species. All data compiled here come from three main sources provided by the authors: published sources (comprising peer-reviewed articles, books, and theses), unpublished data, and herbarium data. We compiled a data set composed of 2,095 species, from 89,270 holo/hemiepiphyte records, in the Atlantic Forest of Brazil, Argentina, Paraguay, and Uruguay, recorded from 1824 to early 2018. Most of the records were from qualitative data (occurrence only, 88%), well distributed throughout the Atlantic Forest. For quantitative records, the most common sampling method was individual trees (71%), followed by plot sampling (19%), and transect sampling (10%). Angiosperms (81%) were the most frequently registered group, and Bromeliaceae and Orchidaceae were the families with the greatest number of records (27,272 and 21,945, respectively). Ferns and Lycophytes presented fewer records than Angiosperms, and Polypodiaceae were the most recorded family, and more concentrated in the Southern and Southeastern regions. Data on non-vascular plants and lichens were scarce, with a few disjunct records concentrated in the Northeastern region of the Atlantic Forest. For all non-vascular plant records, Lejeuneaceae, a family of liverworts, was the most recorded family. We hope that our effort to organize scattered epiphyte data help advance the knowledge of epiphyte ecology, as well as our understanding of macroecological and biogeographical patterns in the Atlantic Forest. No copyright restrictions are associated with the data set. Please cite this Ecology Data Paper if the data are used in publication and teaching events. © 2019 The Authors. Ecology © 2019 The Ecological Society of Americ

Atividade antioxidante de peptídeos provenientes de hidrolisado proteico de bijupirá (rachycentron canadum)

Algumas proteínas além das propriedades tecnológicas, funcionais e nutricionais apresentam atividade biológica, entre esta a antioxidante, associada a peptídeos bioativos liberados após hidrólise. Antioxidantes são utilizados em alimentos para retardar a peroxidação lipídica que gera compostos indesejáveis afetando a qualidade. Espécies reativas de oxigênio (ERO) presentes em organismos vivos podem danificar proteínas, lipídios e ácidos nucléicos, levando ao desenvolvimento de várias doenças. Uma grande fonte de proteínas são os pescados, principalmente seus rejeitos do beneficiamento industrial, assim as proteínas do bijupirá (Rachycentron canadum), pescado de grande porte e facilmente adaptável ao cultivo em aquicultura, desponta como uma alternativa na obtenção de peptídeos com atividade antioxidante. Neste contexto, o objetivo deste trabalho foi obter peptídeos provenientes de hidrolisados proteicos do músculo e do resíduo do bijupirá com diferentes enzimas comerciais, ultrafiltrar em frações peptídicas, comparar o efeito antioxidante dos hidrolisados integrais e suas frações por métodos in vitro, avaliar a toxicidade e a inibição de ERO em células in vivo e aplicar os hidrolisados e frações peptídicas em sistemas alimentícios. Foram obtidos seis hidrolisados através da hidrólise do músculo e resíduo do bijupirá com Alcalase, Flavourzyme e Protamex, em que a última apresentou maior capacidade hidrolítica alcançando grau de hidrólise de 27,94% em 760 min para o músculo e 33,14% em 580 min para o resíduo. O teor de proteínas solúveis (tirosina) variou de acordo com substrato e enzima. A atividade antioxidante foi determinada através dos métodos do sequestro do DPPH, em que o músculo hidrolisado por Protamex apresentou maior efetividade (50 mg/mL) alcançando efeito sequestrante de 81,35%, seguido pelos hidrolisados de músculo e resíduo com Flavourzyme – 60,77 e 60,25%. O resíduo hidrolisado por Protamex apresentou-se como o mais promissor para o poder redutor e todos os hidrolisados apresentaram inibição da peroxidação lipídica do ácido linoleico por seis dias semelhante ou superior aos controles comerciais. A ultrafiltração forneceu frações de peptídeos maiores e menores que 3 kDa. As frações maiores que 3 kDa apresentaram maior quantidade de grupos sulfidrila, mas não foram capazes de sequestrar o DPPH, demonstraram maior potencial no poder redutor e aumentaram a inibição da peroxidação lipídica, chegando a mais de 80% frente ao branco. As frações menores que 3 kDa apresentaram capacidades menores ou semelhantes de sequestro do DPPH, poder redutor e na inibição da peroxidação do ácido linoleico quando comparados aos hidrolisados integrais. Foram selecionados os hidrolisados com Protamex (músculo e resíduo) menores que 3 kDa para avaliar seu efeito sobre células de hepatócitos de zebrafish, demonstrando não haver citotoxicidade nas concentrações estudadas (0,1 – 100 μg/mL), contudo não foram capazes de diminuir as ERO. A incorporação dos hidrolisados e suas frações em toucinho e carne bovina moída evidenciou que a maioria dos compostos reduziu o índice de substâncias reativas ao ácido tiobarbitúrico alcançando mais de 80% frente ao branco. Portanto, através da hidrólise enzimática das proteínas do músculo e resíduo do bijupirá sob a atuação das enzimas Alcalase, Flavourzyme e Protamex foi possível obter hidrolisados e frações peptídicas antioxidantes com potencial para serem utilizados em alimentos.Some proteins, in addition to their technological, functional and nutritional properties, present biological activity, being one of them, the antioxidant activity, associated to bioactive peptides released after the hydrolysis. The antioxidants are used in foods to slow the lipid peroxidation that generates undesirable compounds, affecting the quality. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) present in organisms can damage proteins, lipids and nucleic acids, leading to the development of various diseases. A great source of proteins is the fish, specially their industrial processing wastes. Therefore, the proteins from the cobia (Rachycentron canadum), a large fish that is easily adaptable to cultivation in aquaculture, emerges as an option to obtain peptides with antioxidant activity. Thus, the aim of this study was to obtain peptides from protein hydrolysates from the muscles and residues of cobia with different enzymes, ultrafiltrate in peptide fractions, compare the antioxidant effect between the whole hydrolysates and their peptides fractions using in vitro methods, measure the toxicity and the ROS inhibition in vivo cells and apply both hydrolysates and peptide fractions in food matrix. Six hydrolysates were obtained through the hydrolysis of the muscles and residues of the cobia with Alcalase, Flavourzyme and Protamex, wherein the last one presented greater hydrolytic capacity for the subtrates, reaching a degree of hydrolysis of 27.94% in 760 min for the muscle and 33.14% in 580 min for the residue. The content of soluble protein (tyrosine) varied depending on the substrate and the enzyme. The antioxidant activity was determined through the DPPH free radical scavenging assay, in which the muscle with Protamex showed itself more effective (50 mg/ml) reaching 81.35%, followed by the muscle and the residue with Flavourzyme – 60.77 and 60.25%. The residue, also hydrolyzed by Protamex, showed the best effect in the reducing power and, in the 6 days lipid peroxidation of the linoleic acid, in which all the hydrolysates presented the same or higher inhibition compared to the commercial controls. The ultrafiltration provided larger and smaller than 3 kDa fractions. The larger than 3 kDa fractions showed a higher amount of sulfhydryl groups, but were not capable to sequestrate the DPPH, also showed higher potential in the reducing power and increased the inhibition of the lipid peroxidation, achieving more than 80% comparing to the blank. The smaller than 3 kDa fractions results were similar or smaller in the DPPH sequestering, in the reducing power and in the lipid peroxidation of the linoleic acid when compared to the whole hydrolysates. Smaller than 3 kDa hydrolysates (muscle and residue) with Protamex were selected to measure its effect over zebrafish hepatocyte cells, demonstrating no cytotoxicity with the studied concentrations (0.1 - 100 μg/ml), however they were not capable to reduce the ROS. The incorporation of the hydrolysates and its fractions in bacon and ground beef showed that most of the composites reduced the tiobarbituric acid reactive substances index, achieving more than 80% in comparison to the blank. Therefore, through the enzymatic hydrolysis of proteins from muscles and residues of cobia, under the action of Alcalase, Flavourzyme and Protamex, it was possible to obtain antioxidant hydrolysates and peptide fractions with potential to be used in foods

Antioxidant activity of peptides from the hydrolyzed protein cobia (rachycentron canadum)

Submitted by Raquel Vergara Gondran ([email protected]) on 2016-04-27T01:06:48Z No. of bitstreams: 1 renata aline dos santos da fonseca - atividade antioxidante de peptdeos provenientes de hidrolisado proteico de bijupir rachycentron canadum.pdf: 1691827 bytes, checksum: e9a7f8b7b6d0b7f659f997831b433f42 (MD5)Approved for entry into archive by Gilmar Barros ([email protected]) on 2016-05-03T18:51:23Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 renata aline dos santos da fonseca - atividade antioxidante de peptdeos provenientes de hidrolisado proteico de bijupir rachycentron canadum.pdf: 1691827 bytes, checksum: e9a7f8b7b6d0b7f659f997831b433f42 (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2016-05-03T18:51:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 renata aline dos santos da fonseca - atividade antioxidante de peptdeos provenientes de hidrolisado proteico de bijupir rachycentron canadum.pdf: 1691827 bytes, checksum: e9a7f8b7b6d0b7f659f997831b433f42 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014Algumas proteínas além das propriedades tecnológicas, funcionais e nutricionais apresentam atividade biológica, entre esta a antioxidante, associada a peptídeos bioativos liberados após hidrólise. Antioxidantes são utilizados em alimentos para retardar a peroxidação lipídica que gera compostos indesejáveis afetando a qualidade. Espécies reativas de oxigênio (ERO) presentes em organismos vivos podem danificar proteínas, lipídios e ácidos nucléicos, levando ao desenvolvimento de várias doenças. Uma grande fonte de proteínas são os pescados, principalmente seus rejeitos do beneficiamento industrial, assim as proteínas do bijupirá (Rachycentron canadum), pescado de grande porte e facilmente adaptável ao cultivo em aquicultura, desponta como uma alternativa na obtenção de peptídeos com atividade antioxidante. Neste contexto, o objetivo deste trabalho foi obter peptídeos provenientes de hidrolisados proteicos do músculo e do resíduo do bijupirá com diferentes enzimas comerciais, ultrafiltrar em frações peptídicas, comparar o efeito antioxidante dos hidrolisados integrais e suas frações por métodos in vitro, avaliar a toxicidade e a inibição de ERO em células in vivo e aplicar os hidrolisados e frações peptídicas em sistemas alimentícios. Foram obtidos seis hidrolisados através da hidrólise do músculo e resíduo do bijupirá com Alcalase, Flavourzyme e Protamex, em que a última apresentou maior capacidade hidrolítica alcançando grau de hidrólise de 27,94% em 760 min para o músculo e 33,14% em 580 min para o resíduo. O teor de proteínas solúveis (tirosina) variou de acordo com substrato e enzima. A atividade antioxidante foi determinada através dos métodos do sequestro do DPPH, em que o músculo hidrolisado por Protamex apresentou maior efetividade (50 mg/mL) alcançando efeito sequestrante de 81,35%, seguido pelos hidrolisados de músculo e resíduo com Flavourzyme – 60,77 e 60,25%. O resíduo hidrolisado por Protamex apresentou-se como o mais promissor para o poder redutor e todos os hidrolisados apresentaram inibição da peroxidação lipídica do ácido linoleico por seis dias semelhante ou superior aos controles comerciais. A ultrafiltração forneceu frações de peptídeos maiores e menores que 3 kDa. As frações maiores que 3 kDa apresentaram maior quantidade de grupos sulfidrila, mas não foram capazes de sequestrar o DPPH, demonstraram maior potencial no poder redutor e aumentaram a inibição da peroxidação lipídica, chegando a mais de 80% frente ao branco. As frações menores que 3 kDa apresentaram capacidades menores ou semelhantes de sequestro do DPPH, poder redutor e na inibição da peroxidação do ácido linoleico quando comparados aos hidrolisados integrais. Foram selecionados os hidrolisados com Protamex (músculo e resíduo) menores que 3 kDa para avaliar seu efeito sobre células de hepatócitos de zebrafish, demonstrando não haver citotoxicidade nas concentrações estudadas (0,1 – 100 μg/mL), contudo não foram capazes de diminuir as ERO. A incorporação dos hidrolisados e suas frações em toucinho e carne bovina moída evidenciou que a maioria dos compostos reduziu o índice de substâncias reativas ao ácido tiobarbitúrico alcançando mais de 80% frente ao branco. Portanto, através da hidrólise enzimática das proteínas do músculo e resíduo do bijupirá sob a atuação das enzimas Alcalase, Flavourzyme e Protamex foi possível obter hidrolisados e frações peptídicas antioxidantes com potencial para serem utilizados em alimentos.Some proteins, in addition to their technological, functional and nutritional properties, present biological activity, being one of them, the antioxidant activity, associated to bioactive peptides released after the hydrolysis. The antioxidants are used in foods to slow the lipid peroxidation that generates undesirable compounds, affecting the quality. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) present in organisms can damage proteins, lipids and nucleic acids, leading to the development of various diseases. A great source of proteins is the fish, specially their industrial processing wastes. Therefore, the proteins from the cobia (Rachycentron canadum), a large fish that is easily adaptable to cultivation in aquaculture, emerges as an option to obtain peptides with antioxidant activity. Thus, the aim of this study was to obtain peptides from protein hydrolysates from the muscles and residues of cobia with different enzymes, ultrafiltrate in peptide fractions, compare the antioxidant effect between the whole hydrolysates and their peptides fractions using in vitro methods, measure the toxicity and the ROS inhibition in vivo cells and apply both hydrolysates and peptide fractions in food matrix. Six hydrolysates were obtained through the hydrolysis of the muscles and residues of the cobia with Alcalase, Flavourzyme and Protamex, wherein the last one presented greater hydrolytic capacity for the subtrates, reaching a degree of hydrolysis of 27.94% in 760 min for the muscle and 33.14% in 580 min for the residue. The content of soluble protein (tyrosine) varied depending on the substrate and the enzyme. The antioxidant activity was determined through the DPPH free radical scavenging assay, in which the muscle with Protamex showed itself more effective (50 mg/ml) reaching 81.35%, followed by the muscle and the residue with Flavourzyme – 60.77 and 60.25%. The residue, also hydrolyzed by Protamex, showed the best effect in the reducing power and, in the 6 days lipid peroxidation of the linoleic acid, in which all the hydrolysates presented the same or higher inhibition compared to the commercial controls. The ultrafiltration provided larger and smaller than 3 kDa fractions. The larger than 3 kDa fractions showed a higher amount of sulfhydryl groups, but were not capable to sequestrate the DPPH, also showed higher potential in the reducing power and increased the inhibition of the lipid peroxidation, achieving more than 80% comparing to the blank. The smaller than 3 kDa fractions results were similar or smaller in the DPPH sequestering, in the reducing power and in the lipid peroxidation of the linoleic acid when compared to the whole hydrolysates. Smaller than 3 kDa hydrolysates (muscle and residue) with Protamex were selected to measure its effect over zebrafish hepatocyte cells, demonstrating no cytotoxicity with the studied concentrations (0.1 - 100 μg/ml), however they were not capable to reduce the ROS. The incorporation of the hydrolysates and its fractions in bacon and ground beef showed that most of the composites reduced the tiobarbituric acid reactive substances index, achieving more than 80% in comparison to the blank. Therefore, through the enzymatic hydrolysis of proteins from muscles and residues of cobia, under the action of Alcalase, Flavourzyme and Protamex, it was possible to obtain antioxidant hydrolysates and peptide fractions with potential to be used in foods

Enzymatic hydrolysis of cobia (Rachycentron canadum) meat and wastes using different microbial enzymes

Some proteins, beyond to their technological, functional and nutritional properties, exhibit biological activity, being one of them, the antioxidant activity, associated to bioactive peptides released after hydrolysis. The industrial processing wastes of fishes are a great source of proteins, and the cobia (Rachycentron canadum), that it is a large and easily adaptable to aquaculture emerges as an option to obtain peptides. Thus, the aim of this study was to obtain peptides by hydrolyzing meat and wastes of cobia with different enzymes. Six hydrolysates through the hydrolysis of the meat and wastes with Alcalase, Flavourzyme and Protamex were obtained, wherein the last one presented greater hydrolytic capacity for the substrates, reaching a DH of 27.94% in 760 min for meat and 33.14% in 580 min for wastes. The free tyrosine content varied depending on the substrate and the enzyme, and the highest values for the hydrolysate wastes by Alcalase (8.46%) and by Protamex (6.46%) and hydrolysate meat by Protamex (6.47%). Therefore, these results indicate the potential utilization of the hydrolysates from cobia meat and wastes in food formulations.Fil: Dos Santos Da Fonseca, Renata Aline. Universidade Federal do Rio Grande; BrasilFil: Silva, C. M.. Universidade Federal do Rio Grande; BrasilFil: Fernandes, G. R.. Universidade Federal do Rio Grande; BrasilFil: Prentice, C.. Universidade Federal do Rio Grande; Brasi

Peptides obtained from proteins of cobia (Rachycentron canadum): a study of potentially safe antioxidants for food

The fish and its by-products from industrial processing are a rich source of protein. For this reason, cobia (Rachycentron canadum), a large and easily adaptable to aquaculture species has emerged as an option for obtaining peptides. Enzymatic proteolysis is able to release inactive biopeptides ? which may have greater activity when separated into their peptide fractions ? from intact proteins. However, as they can be applied in food, they should be evaluated for any possible harm to health. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the ability of the protein hydrolysates of cobia (muscle and waste), obtained by the action of Alcalase, Flavourzyme and Protamex enzymes (whole and their fractions less and major than 3 kDa) to inhibit the oxidation of meat food and ensure their food security. The hydrolysates studied in this work demonstrated antioxidant activity through chemical methods in vitro. All hydrolysates and their fractions were not cytotoxic to zebrafish (Danio rerio) hepatocytes at the concentrations of 0.1, 1.0, 10 and 100 g/mL at 0, 24, 48 and 72 h. By etermining the 25 inhibition of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances in bacon and ground beef it was found that the majority of the hydrolysates presented this capacity, highlighting the peptide fractions major than 3 kDa of muscle hydrolysates which reduced by around 50% the TBARS (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances) content formed in the ground beef, and by more than 80% in bacon, probably because the bacon has a higher content of lipid. The enzyme Protamex provided hydrolyzed with more antioxidant activity. Therefore, these results indicate that the hydrolysates studied have the potential to be safe physicochemically, not cytotoxic, used in foods as antioxidants.Fil: Dos Santos Da Fonseca, Renata Aline. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Rosario; Argentina. Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul; BrasilFil: Silva, Carolina Moroni. Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul; BrasilFil: Fernandes da Rosa, Giordan. Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul; BrasilFil: Prentice Hernández, Carlos. Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul; Brasi