Naturwaldreservateforschung in der Rhön – unerwarteter Artenreichtum

Die seit 1990 von Hessen-Forst und dem Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg gemeinsam durchgeführten Langzeitstudien in hessischen Naturwaldreservaten (NWR) haben zum Ziel, einen Einblick in den Bestand und damit die Biodiversität der Pflanzen- und Tierwelt aller in Hessen vertretenen Waldgesellschaften zu bekommen und die Entwicklungen dieser Lebensgemeinschaften in bewirtschafteten sowie unbewirtschafteten Wäldern zu begleiten. Bei hessischen Naturwaldreservaten handelt es sich also vorrangig um Forschungsflächen, wenn auch um solche mit teilweise hohem Naturschutzpotenzial. Insgesamt gibt es in Hessen 31 solcher Flächen, zu einigen existieren bereits umfangreiche Ergebnisse (ALTHOFF et al. 1993, DOROW et al. 1992, 2001, 2004a,b, 2005, FLECHTNER et al. 1999, 2000, WILLIG 2002). Im Biosphärenreservat Rhön (Forstamt Hofbieber) liegen die beiden Naturwaldreservate „Langenstüttig“ und „Stirnberg“. Beide sind montane Waldgersten-Buchenwälder auf Basalt

Les Fourmis de l'île de la Réunion (Hymenoptera, Formicidae)

Ants of Réunion Island (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). In this study, 27 ant species are reported with 15 new for the island. Half of the ant fauna is composed of "tramp species" and only two endemic species of the Mascarene Islands have been found. Distribution, ecology and biogeography are discussed.Cette étude sur la myrmécofaune de l'île de la Réunion a permis d'inventorier 27 espèces dont 15 nouvelles pour l'île. Si l'on ne compte que deux espèces endémiques des Mascareignes, plus de la moitié des espèces présentes sont des fourmis "vagabondes". Leur distribution, écologie et origine biogéographique sont discutées.Blard Fabrice, Dorow Wolfgang-H.-O., Delabie Jacques H.C. Les Fourmis de l'île de la Réunion (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). In: Bulletin de la Société entomologique de France, volume 108 (2), juin 2003. pp. 127-137

Polyrhachis Smith, 1857 (Insecta, Hymenoptera): proposed precedence over Myrma Billberg, 1820

Volume: 54Start Page: 236End Page: 24

Assessing spider diversity on the forest floor: expert knowledge beats systematic design

The design of sampling schemes affects the results of biodiversity inventories. As an approach for quantifying the implications of such effects, we compared data on spider communities sampled in a beech-dominated forest floor habitat by 1) a regular grid of pitfall traps (systematic design) and 2) an expert-based distribution of traps (stratified design). We tested whether the two designs would lead to similar conclusions about the diversity and composition of ground-dwelling spider communities. Estimates of species richness, rarefied species richness and activity density calculated per trap were significantly higher in the stratified than in the systematic design. The community composition based on the presence or absence of sampled species or based on log-transformed activity densities differed significantly. Most of the dissimilarity between the community estimates of the two designs was attributable to three species, with Pardosa saltans Topfer-Hofmann 2000 being more common in traps of the stratified design and Tenuiphantes zimmermanni (Bertkau 1890) and Walckenaeria cuspidata Blackwall 1833 being more frequently observed in traps of the systematic design. Our study suggests that a stratified sampling design is better suited for inventory surveys of spider communities of forest-floor habitats, as trap locations of this design reflect specific habitat needs. It is important to note that inventories are a major field for the application of such designs and that greater care is needed for the application of inferential statistics. For example, the non-randomness that is caused by expert selection of sampling sites may violate fundamental assumptions of simple linear models

Spatial distribution of spiders and epedaphic Collembola in an environmentally heterogeneous forest floor habitat

Describing the biotic and abiotic processes that are responsible for the formation of spatial patterns in predators and their prey is crucial for improving our understanding of food-web interactions. We studied the spatial distribution of four abundant spider species and three common groups of epedaphic Collembola prey in a beech-dominated (Fagus sylvatica) forest floor habitat and related the observed patterns to environmental heterogeneity, overall predator activity (all ground beetles and spiders) and prey availability (all Collembola) at the local scale. Spiders and epedaphic Collembola were sampled over 392 days in a spatially explicit design based on a regular grid of 25 pitfall traps (inter-trap distance 100 m). Environmental heterogeneity was characterized by cover of moss and litter as well as the amount of dead wood at each trap location. We first used the index of dispersion to characterize the spatial distribution of spider species and Collembola and then related the observed patterns to environmental heterogeneity, predator and prey availability while testing for spatial autocorrelation within the same models. All taxa were significantly more aggregated than expected from the assumption of random distribution. The distribution of spider species was positively (Coelotes terrestris) or negatively (Tenuiphantes zimmermanni and Tapinocyba insecta) related to the cover of moss and negatively related to litter cover (C. terrestris) or the local availability of prey (T. insecta). The distribution of Collembola was negatively related to local litter cover (Lepidocyrtus spp.) and positively related to the amount of medium deadwood pieces (all other Entomobryidae). Our study suggests that none of the spider species preferred areas of low overall predator activity density. Moreover, it does not indicate association of spider species to prey-rich areas at the analyzed scale of WO m. It further highlights the importance of environmental heterogeneity, as different habitat properties differentially affected the local activity density of spiders and Collembola and thus considerably contributed to the understanding of distribution patterns. (c) 2012 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved

Data from: A summary of eight traits of Coleoptera, Hemiptera, Orthoptera and Araneae, occurring in grasslands in Germany

Analyses of species traits have increased our understanding of how environmental drivers such as disturbances affect the composition of arthropod communities and related processes. There are, however, few studies on which traits in the arthropod community are affected by environmental changes and which traits affect ecosystem functioning. The assembly of arthropod traits of several taxa is difficult because of the large number of species, limited availability of trait databases and differences in available traits. We sampled arthropod species data from a total of 150 managed grassland plots in three regions of Germany. These plots represent the spectrum from extensively used pastures to mown pastures to intensively managed and fertilized meadows. In this paper, we summarize information on body size, dispersal ability, feeding guild and specialization (within herbivores), feeding mode, feeding tissue (within herbivorous suckers), plant part (within herbivorous chewers), endophagous lifestyle (within herbivores), and vertical stratum use for 1,230 species of Coleoptera, Hemiptera (Heteroptera, Auchenorrhyncha), Orthoptera (Saltatoria: Ensifera, Caelifera), and Araneae, sampled by sweep-netting between 2008 and 2012. We compiled traits from various literature sources and complemented data from reliable internet sources and the authors’ experience

ArthropodSpeciesTraits

The data set comprises literature trait data of species that were sampled and measured in a project within the Biodiversity Exploratories which focuses on the effect of land use on arthropod community composition and related processes (e.g. species interactions such as herbivory or predation) in three regions of German