Performance comparison of scheduling algorithms for IPTV traffic over polymorphous OBS routers

Personal use of this material is permitted. Permission from IEEE must be obtained for all other uses, in any current or future media, including reprinting/republishing this material for advertising or promotional purposes, creating new collective works, for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or reuse of any copyrighted component of this work in other works.V. López, J. L. García-Dorado, J. A. Hernández, and J. Aracil, "Performance comparison of scheduling algorithms for IPTV traffic over polymorphous OBS routers", in ICTON Mediterranean Winter Conference, 2007. ICTON-MW 2007, p. 1-6Recent research in optical burst switched networks has proposed solutions to support subwavelength reservation for the periodic transmission of data bursts, which can coexist with conventional asynchronous bursts, bringing the polymorphous, agile and transparent optical networks (PATON) [1]. Thus, network operators can distribute IPTV channels to their customers, whereby they can use the spare bandwidth for the transmission of best-effort traffic, making use of the free gaps in between such periodic reservations. This work proposes scheduling algorithms for the transmission of periodic channels using PATON, and studies the blocking probability observed by best-effort traffic, when such scheduling algorithms are used.This work has been partially funded by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Education under the project DIOR (TEC2006-03246), and by the Comunidad Autónoma de Madrid under project e-Magerit (S-0505/TIC/000251). The authors would also like to acknowledge the support from the European Union VI Framework Programme e- Photon/ONe+ Network of Excellence (FP6-IST-027497)

Investigating the deployability of VoIP services over wireless interconnected micro aerial vehicles

Emerging technological devices, such as Unmanned Aircraft Vehicles (UAV) and Single Board Computers (SBC), are being increasingly employed in recent years, thanks to the advances in electronics and the wide variety of sensors that are endowed. This paper aims at analyzing the viability of deploying multimedia services, focusing on the voice scenario, over wireless interconnected Micro Air Vehicles (MAV), also known as drones. Toward this end, we assessed the performance both of the embedded wireless cards of current drones and also SBCs, which may be carried as payload in existing UAV solutions. Driven by the results obtained in these experiments, we then deployed an operational VoIP service over a network of commercial MAVs, to perform an experimental analysis on the resource capabilities of these devices and demonstrate that this type of service can certainly be used.This article has been partially supported by the European H2020 5GinFIRE project (grant agreement 732497) and the 5G‐City project (TEC2016‐76795‐C6‐3‐R) funded by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness

Flexible services deployment using Small Unmanned Aerial Vehicles for emergency situations

Proceeding of: XXXIII Simposium Nacional de la Unión Científica Internacional de Radio (URSI 2018), 5-7 de septiembre de 2018, Granada, España.The notorious advances in the Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) research area is allowing small UAVs (SUAV) to have an increasing presence in different civil applications. In the context of the 5GCity Spanish coordinated project, this paper considers the use of SUAV networks to support emergency services in critical and disaster situations. To solve the set of challenges presented in UAV networks, we present a general use case with the deployment of an NFV and SDN based solution and the different key enabling technologies. The whole deployment will be split into three stages during the project lifetime, with an initial integration using the 5TONIC European Open Research 5G laboratory and then with the different 5GCity project partners.This article has been partially supported by the 5G-City project (TEC2016-76795-C6-3-R) funded by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness.No publicad

Adaptable and automated small UAV deployments via virtualization

In this paper, we present a practical solution to support the adaptable and automated deployment of applications of Small Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (SUAVs). Our solution is based on virtualization technologies, and considers SUAVs as programmable network platforms capable of executing virtual functions and services, which may be dynamically selected according to the requirements specified by the operator of the aerial vehicles. This way, SUAVs can be flexibly and rapidly adapted to different missions with heterogeneous objectives. The design of our solution is based on Network Function Virtualization (NFV) technologies, developed under the umbrella of the fifth generation of mobile networks (5G), as well as on existing Internet protocol standards, including flying ad hoc network routing protocols. We implemented a functional prototype of our solution using well-known open source technologies, and we demonstrated its practical feasibility with the execution of an IP telephony service. This service was implemented as a set of virtualized network functions, which were automatically deployed and interconnected over an infrastructure of SUAVs, being the telephony service tested with real voice-over-IP terminals.This article was partially supported by the European H2020 5GinFIRE project (grant agreement 732497), and by the 5GCity project (TEC2016-76795-C6-3-R) funded by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness

Propuesta metodológica 360ª para la evaluación de la masificación en cimas de montaña. Un caso de estudio

The activity of nature tourism has shown a constant worldwide growth which, accentuated by the post-confinement situation, has highlighted the problem of overcrowding in some vulnerable environments as mountain peaks. The objective of this work is to present an holistic methodological proposal for the evaluation of overcrowding on these peaks. In this case, the methodology was applied in Pica d’ Estats, Alt Pirineu Natural Park (APNP). The 360º methodological proposal for the Evaluation of Overcrowding on Mountain Peaks (EOMP) was developed taking into account five stages: i) identification of the visitors’ flow; ii) characterization of the visitor’s generic profile; iii) determination of the tourist carrying capacity; iv) objectification of overcrowding; v) transfer of knowledge and decision making. The main results obtained in the application of the EOMP proposed in this case study are: i) the identification of the objective presence of levels of overcrowding on the peak during the summer months of July and August, which allowed progress to be made in the participative design of three main lines of action: a) consolidation of the offer b) deployment of the offer c) regulation of vehicles on the access track and ii) as regards the methodological design itself, the verification of the viability and functionality of the proposal supported by the EOMP as an optimal and effective tool in the monitoring and management of public use on mountain peaks.La actividad del turismo de naturaleza ha mostrado un crecimiento constante a nivel mundial que, acentuado por la situación de post confinamiento, ha puesto en evidencia la problemática de masificación de algunos entornos tan vulnerables como son las cimas de montaña. El objetivo de este trabajo se centra en presentar una propuesta metodológica integral de evaluación de la masificación en dichas cimas. En este caso, la metodología se aplicó en la Pica d’Estats, Parc Natural de l’Alt Pirineu. La propuesta metodológica 360º para la Evaluación de la Masificación en Cimas de Montaña (EMCM) fue elaborada teniendo en cuenta la consideración de cinco etapas: i) identificación de la afluencia de visitantes; ii) caracterización del perfil genérico del visitante; iii) determinación de la capacidad de carga turística; iv) cuantificación objetiva de la masificación; v) transferencia de conocimiento y toma de decisiones. Entre los principales resultados obtenidos en la aplicación de la EMCM propuesta en este caso de estudio cabe destacar: i) la identificación de la presencia objetiva de niveles de masificación en la cima durante los meses estivales de julio y agosto, que permitieron avanzar en el diseño participativo de tres grandes líneas de acción: a) consolidación de la oferta b) despliegue de la oferta c) regulación de vehículos a motor en la pista de acceso y ii) en cuanto al diseño metodológico en sí, la comprobación de la viabilidad y funcionalidad de la propuesta que sustenta la EMCM como una herramienta óptima y efectiva en el monitoreo y gestión del uso público en las cimas de montaña

An NFV system to support service provisioning on UAV networks

In this presentation, we will first describe the design and implementation of an NFV system capable of deploying moderately complex network services over a wireless ad-hoc network of resource-constrained compute nodes. The system design targets aerial networks built by Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs), and it relies on container virtualization to support the execution of network functions within constrained environments, as well as on mobile ad-hoc networking to support the underlying end-to-end network communications [1]. The presentation will also cover the implementation experience from developing this NFV system, which is based on relevant and widely-adopted open-source technologies in the NFV arena such as ETSI Open-Source MANO (OSM) and OpenStack. In addition, we will present the details concerning the integration of this system into a distributed NFV testbed spanning three different remote sites in Spain, i.e., Universidad Carlos III de Madrid (UC3M), Universidad Politécnica de Cataluña (UPC), and Universidad del País Vasco (UPV-EHU). The goal of this testbed is to explore synergies among NFV, UAVs, and 5G vertical services, following a practical approach primarily governed by experimentation. To showcase the potential of this testbed to support vertical services, we will present three different use cases that have been realized as part of our prior research work: i) the automated deployment of an IP telephony service on a delimited geographic area, using a network of interconnected UAVs [2] (noteworthily, this work was awarded by ETSI as the best proof-of-concept demonstration with OSM during the OSM Release Eight cycle [3]); ii) the realization of a smart farming vertical service [4]; and iii) a public-safety vertical use case, which uses aerial and vehicular NFV infrastructures to monitor traffic conditions and handle emergency situations [5]. This latter involves an international collaboration with the Instituto de Telecomunicações of Aveiro, which operates a vehicular NFV infrastructure. Finally, the presentation will tackle the standardization challenges related with the future view of a decentralized and flexible MANO framework, capable of supporting the operation of cost-effective, reliable services beyond the edge of the telecommunication operator infrastructures. In this view, multiple stakeholders would collaboratively provide a wide range of heterogeneous compute-connect devices (e.g., end-user terminals, CPEs, or UAV swarms). These devices might exist and be opportunistically used, or they could otherwise be deployed on-demand by those stakeholders, contributing to the availability of a potentially unlimited pool of network, computing, and storage resources beyond the network edge. This view introduces several standardization challenges to the NFV MANO framework in terms of interoperation, flexibility, robustness, and security. These challenges have been presented at the NFV Evolution1 event organized by ETSI, and will build the basis of our future work in this research line.This work has been partially supported by the European H2020 LABYRINTH project (grant agreement H2020-MG-2019-TwoStages-861696), and by the TRUE5G project (PID2019-108713RB-C52PID2019-108713RBC52/AEI/10.13039/501100011033) funded by the Spanish National Research Agency

A NFV system to support configurable and automated multi-UAV service deployments

Proceeding of: DroNet 2018, 4th ACM Workshop on Micro Aerial Vehicle Networks, Systems, and Applications (Co-located with ACM MobiSys 2018)In this paper, we explore the strong potential of Network Function Virtualization (NFV) technologies to enable multi-mission small unmanned aircraft systems. In this context, we analyze the main challenges of using NFV technologies in this emergent field, and we present the design of an NFV system that supports the flexible, automated and cost-effective deployment of network services over small unmanned aerial vehicles. To validate our design, we implemented its most relevant components with open-source technologies, using this first prototype of the system to carry out a set of preliminary experiments that showcase its feasibility and functionality.This article has been partially supported by the European H2020 5GinFIRE project (grant agreement 732497), and by the 5GCity project (TEC2016-76795- C6-3-R) funded by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness

Effects of Age and Playing Tactics on the Individual Tactical Behavior in U10 and U12 Elite Spanish Soccer Players

The aim of this paper was to explore the effects of age and playing tactics on the individual tactical behavior and performance in young soccer players. A total of 1247 individual possessions during 16 knockout matches from LaLiga Promises U12 tournament (n = 621) and LaLiga U10 Iscar Cup (n = 626) were analyzed by observational methodology. Multilevel and multivariate logistic regression models were created to explain the interdependent effects of age category and playing tactics on the individual tactical behavior and performance. Youth players performed most of their actions against defensive pressure (72.5%), during offensive support (91.3%) and receiving the ball facing forward (62.6%). The most frequent action was to receive and pass the ball (69.6%) and the level of offensive success was 56.9%. The multilevel mixed models revealed that U10 players presented higher odds of running with the ball vs. passing the ball (OR = 1.823; 95% CI: 1.333-2.493; p < 0.001) and lower odds of achieving offensive success (OR = 0.698; 95% CI: 0.525-0.928; p < 0.05) than U12 players. Regarding playing tactics, technical-tactical dimensions such as the players' body shape when receiving the ball, offensive support, defensive pressure, collective type of attack and type of technical action presented a significant and combined effect on the offensive success regardless of age category, playing position and match status. This study found tactical differences between U10 and U12 age categories and revealed important interactive effects of multiple tactical dimensions on the individual offensive behavior and performance in youth soccer players