The assessment of the attitude of the students of the 5th year of the medical faculty concerning the specialization in family medicine and the state of knowledge on the functioning of Primary Health Care

Introduction: Family Medicine is a relatively new specialisation in Poland, that was created to increase availability of comprehensive medical care near the place of residence. Due to the major deficiency of human resources there is a huge need of educating medical personnel. Objectives: This study is an evaluation of knowledge level and attitudes towards family medicine specialisation of The Lublin Medical University Medical Faculty 5th year students, starting their family medicine classes. Results: Among the respondents 1.49% declared willingness to start family medicine specialisation, 40.89% is considering this career path, 39.03% is not considering this career path, 18.59% is definitely not considering this specialisation. Main factors, which are the reasons why students consider undertaking family medicine specialisationwere: flexible working hours (79.82%), wide range of patient’s ailments (78.07%), no on-call time (73.68%). On the other hand, students consider job in PHC as monotonous and hardly prestigious and 94.1% of respondents assessed that cooperation of family physicians with other specialisations is average at best. Only 13% correctly indicated what are the factors the amount of money per patient depends on. Majority of students correctly named family physicians’ responsibilities and medical examinations that family physician can perform under the agreement with National Health Fund. Conclusion: Research gathered in this document indicate on little interest in family medicine specialisation among students and at the same time on lack of certain knowledge about job in PHC. Thus, there is a need to create relevant educational programmes which would turn future doctor’s attention to general practice

Digital ethics – polscy konsumenci wobec wyzwań etycznych związanych z rozwojem technologii. I Ogólnopolski Raport

Pierwszy raport dotyczący etyki w świecie technologii jest dokumentem, który powstał jako efekt współpracy Wydziału Zarządzania Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego i Orange Polska. Jego celem była identyfikacja etycznego wymiaru technologii cyfrowych wśród użytkowników internetu powyżej 18. roku życia. Badanie zostało zrealizowane w lipcu 2020 roku metodą CAWI (wywiady online) na reprezentatywnej próbie 1002 internautów, na panelu badawczym firmy Kantar

Characterization of Reemerging Chikungunya Virus

An unprecedented epidemic of chikungunya virus (CHIKV) infection recently started in countries of the Indian Ocean area, causing an acute and painful syndrome with strong fever, asthenia, skin rash, polyarthritis, and lethal cases of encephalitis. The basis for chikungunya disease and the tropism of CHIKV remain unknown. Here, we describe the replication characteristics of recent clinical CHIKV strains. Human epithelial and endothelial cells, primary fibroblasts and, to a lesser extent, monocyte-derived macrophages, were susceptible to infection and allowed viral production. In contrast, CHIKV did not replicate in lymphoid and monocytoid cell lines, primary lymphocytes and monocytes, or monocyte-derived dendritic cells. CHIKV replication was cytopathic and associated with an induction of apoptosis in infected cells. Chloroquine, bafilomycin-A1, and short hairpin RNAs against dynamin-2 inhibited viral production, indicating that viral entry occurs through pH-dependent endocytosis. CHIKV was highly sensitive to the antiviral activity of type I and II interferons. These results provide a general insight into the interaction between CHIKV and its mammalian host

Problems of education at tourism and recreation specialisation

Zgodnie z dobrymi praktykami oraz przepisami obowiązującego prawa uczelnie mają obowiązek formułowania sylwetek absolwenta, które powinny charakteryzować m.in. cel kształcenia danego programu studiów. W artykule wskazano na problemy związane z formułowaniem celów kształcenia, które powinny odpowiadać zapotrzebowaniu rynku pracy oraz wymogom stawianym przez Krajowe Ramy Kwalifikacyjne.In accordance with the compulsory legal rules and practices, universities are obliged to formulate the graduate’s profiles, which should characterise the aim of education for a particular major. This article points to the problems connected with formulating of educational aims which should fulfill the demands of labour market and the requirements to be met in order to conform to the Polish Qualifications Framework

Sprawozdanie finansowe a zmiany w MiędzynarodowychStandardach Sprawozdawczości Finansowej

Zmieniające się warunki gospodarowania – czyli nowa ekonomia, globalizacja, a w ostatnich czasach kryzys finansowy, wpływają na cel, funkcje i sposób prowadzenia rachunkowości, co z kolei determinuje zmiany w przepisach prawa bilansowego krajowego i międzynarodowego. Celem artykułu jest udzielenie odpowiedzi na pytanie, w jaki sposób zmiany w Międzynarodowych Standardach Rachunkowości oraz w Międzynarodowych Standardach Sprawozdawczości Finansowej wpłyną na obraz jednostki gospodarczej prezentowany w sprawozdaniu finansowym

Mechanisms of HIV replication and cell-to-cell spread

PARIS7-Bibliothèque centrale (751132105) / SudocSudocFranceF

MicroRNAs transfer from human macrophages to hepato-carcinoma cells and inhibit proliferation

Recent research has indicated a new mode of intercellular communication facilitated by the movement of RNA between cells. There is evidence that RNA can transfer between cells in a multitude of ways, including in complex with proteins, lipids or in vesicles including apoptotic bodies and exosomes. However, there remains little understanding of the function of nucleic acid transfer between human cells. Here, we report that human macrophages transfer microRNAs (miRNAs) to hepato-carcinoma cells (HCCs) in a manner that required intercellular contact and involved gap junctions. Two specific miRNAs efficiently transferred between these cells - miR-142 and miR-223 - both endogenously expressed in macrophages and not HCCs. Transfer of these miRNAs influenced post-transcriptional regulation of proteins in HCCs, including decreased expression of reporter proteins and endogenously expressed stathmin-1 and insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor. Importantly, transfer of miRNAs from macrophages functionally inhibited proliferation of these cancerous cells. Thus, these data lead us to propose that intercellular transfer of miRNA from immune cells could serve as a new defense against unwanted cell proliferation or tumor growth

Current concerns in digital economy era. Lessons learnt form Polish advanced internet users

Purpose: Digital Economy development is influenced by many factors, including the users' acceptance of the technology. The interesting group of users are technologically advanced and may shape the technology's use and enhance its development. The purpose of the study is to explore the way customers are present on the Internet, and their attitudes to ethics and responsibility in the virtual environment. Design/methodology/approach: The study was conducted on a representative group of 1002 adult Internet users from Poland. The CAVI method on the research consumer panel was used. The authors empirically examine the developed research hypotheses using statistical tests. Findings: The study results show that advanced technology users have a more conscious approach to their presence on the Internet. Technology advanced users are familiarised with the tools and applications that may supper them with everyday activities and ease their professional duties. They are also more concerned about ethical and safety issues. At the same time, as consumers of technology, they are ready to disclose personal data if some benefits are seen. Originality/value: Research results support the development of understanding online activities of Internet users. They indicate some crucial points for a technology provider in designing and improving new tools and applications. Technology advanced users as testers can spread the technology appliances and support their acceptance if they find them ethical and safe. It leads to the development of the digital economy and benefits the whole society

Nanoscale ligand spacing influences receptor triggering in T cells and NK cells

Bioactive nanoscale arrays were constructed to ligate activating cell surface receptors on T cells (the CD3 component of the TCR complex) and natural killer (NK) cells (CD16). These arrays are formed from biofunctionalized gold nanospheres with controlled interparticle spacing in the range 25-104 nm. Responses to these nanoarrays were assessed using the extent of membrane-localized phosphotyrosine in T cells stimulated with CD3-binding nanoarrays and the size of cell contact area for NK cells stimulated with CD16-binding nanoarrays. In both cases, the strength of response decreased with increasing spacing, falling to background levels by 69 nm in the T cell/anti-CD3 system and 104 nm for the NK cell/anti-CD16 system. These results demonstrate that immune receptor triggering can be influenced by the nanoscale spatial organization of receptor/ligand interactions

Intrusive HIV-1-infected cells.

International audienceMacrophages infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 emit long intercellular conduits that shuttle the viral protein Nef to bystander B cells, where it impairs cellular function and immunoglobulin class switching