Resolución de problemas aritméticos y rendimiento académico en la Institución Educativa Primaria N°84250, Huacrachuco– 2017

El presente estudio de investigación que ha sido titulado:“Resolución de problemas aritméticos y rendimiento académico en la Institución Educativa Primaria N°84250, Huacrachuco – 2017”, se realizó con el propósito de determinar la relación entre La resolución de problemas aritméticos y el rendimiento académico, que hoy resultan ser aspectos esenciales en el sistema educativo de Huacrachuco y de nuestro país. El tipo de estudio corresponde a una investigación básica, con diseño no experimental, de corte transaccional – correlacional, en donde la población estuvo conformada por 47 estudiantes, de donde se extrajo la muestra empleando un proceso no probabilístico intencional, siendo la muestra idéntica a la población A ellos se aplicó cuestionarios sobre Resolución de problemas matemáticos y el rendimiento académico, ambos con una escala politómica con tres índices. Los resultados de esta investigación demuestran que existe relación directa entre resolución de problemas aritméticos y rendimiento académico. El Nivel de significancia p = 0.000 < 0,05 y el coeficiente de Spearman = 0.824,permitió rechazar la hipótesis nula y por tanto se asume que existe relación directa entre resolución de problemas y rendimiento académico en la Institución Educativa primaria N°84250, Huacrachuco

La Educación Musical y Expresión Oral en niños de 5 Años - Institución Educativa Nº 827 - Huacrachuco

El propósito de este estudio fue conocer la relación existente entre la Educación Musical y la Expresión Oral en los niños de 5 años de la I.E. Nº 827 Huacrachuco. Fue una investigación de diseño descriptivo correlacional; se contó con una población y muestra de 21 niños, por ser esta pequeña, se les aplicó una guía de observación para el recojo de información de las variables Educación Musical y Expresión Oral. Para el procesamiento de información obtenida se empleó la estadística descriptiva y el programa SPSS versión 21 nos permitirá hallar dichos estadísticos. Se comprueba la hipótesis demostrando que hay correlación significativa entre la educación musical y la expresión oral en los niños de 05 Años de la I. E. N° 827 ?Huacrachuco con un nivel se significancia bilateral de 0.1.Tesi

Influencia del material no estructurado como recurso didáctico en el aprendizaje de seriación en los niños y niñas de 5 años de la Institución Educativa Parroquial N° 827 Maria Auxiliadora - Huacracchuco Año 2017

El presente trabajo de investigación tuvo como propósito el uso del material no estructurado para el aprendizaje de seriación en los niños de 5 años de la Institución Educativa Inicial Parroquial Nº 827 María Auxiliadora en el año 2017. Se trabajó con una muestra de 15 niños de 5 años de Educación Inicial. El diseño de investigación que se ha adoptado es el diseño experimental de un grupo con Pre y Post Test, se utilizó la observación como técnicas de recolección de datos. La seriación es una noción matemática básica, conformando un cimiento principal para el posterior concepto de número, sobretodo en el caso de los ordinales y cardinales. En lo que concierne a la aplicación del Post - Test, los resultados del aprendizaje de seriación es en su totalidad un rendimiento académico bueno que equivale al 80% ya que la mayoría de niños han tenido un calificativo logrado según la escala de calificación literal y solo tres un calificativo en proceso e equivale a un 20% haciendo un total del 100% de niños evaluados.Tesi

IN VITRO EQUIVALENCE STUDY OF GENERIC NAPROXEN SODIUM TABLETS USING THE USP PADDLE APPARATUS AND THE FLOW-THROUGH CELL METHOD

Objective: To perform an in vitro equivalence study of naproxen sodium from six immediate release oral dosage forms under the hydrodynamic environments generated by the flow-through cell method and the USP paddle apparatus.Methods: Dissolution method was properly validated according to standard criteria. Dissolution profiles of all formulations were carried out with an automated flow-through cell (laminar flow at 16 ml/min with 22.6 mm cells) and the USP Apparatus 2 (50 rpm). 0.1 M phosphate buffer pH 7.4 at 37.0±0.5 °C was used as the dissolution medium. Spectrophotometric determination of drug at 332 nm was carried out during 45 min. Dissolution profiles were compared with model-dependent and independent approaches.Results: Significant difference with model-independent parameters, mean dissolution time and dissolution efficiency, using both USP apparatuses, were found (*P&lt;0.05). Best fitting of dissolution data was obtained using the sigmoidal model (R2&gt;0.99). Only with the flow-through cell method linear regression between mean dissolution time and t63.2% values was significant (*P&lt;0.05).Conclusion: The study reveals significant differences in dissolution rate and a great variability for all naproxen sodium tablets when the USP paddle apparatus is used. The alternative dissolution test with the flow-through cell method allows obtaining reliable data which facilitates in vitro equivalence respect the reference product dissolution behavior.Â

SIMULTANEOUS DETERMINATION OF KETOPROFEN AND ACETAMINOPHEN IN FIXED-DOSE COMBINATION FORMULATIONS BY FIRST-ORDER DERIVATIVE SPECTROSCOPY: APPLICATION TO DISSOLUTION STUDIES

Objective: To develop and validate a new and easy zero-crossing derivative method for the simultaneous determination of ketoprofen and acetaminophen in fixed-dose combination formulations and to demonstrate its application in dissolution studies.Methods: Measurement was achieved using the first derivative signals at 243.2 nm for ketoprofen and at 260.5 nm for acetaminophen. The method was validated according to ICH guidelines. The proposed method was applied for the simultaneous quantification of both drugs in samples taken during the study of dissolution profiles (USP Apparatus 2, 75 rpm and 900 ml of 0.1 M phosphate buffer pH 7.4) of Bifebral® reference product (100/300 mg ketoprofen and acetaminophen, respectively). Samples were also analyzed by a previously validated HPLC-PDA method. Dissolution profiles were compared by similarity factor f2. Additionally values of: t50%, t85%, dissolution efficiency and mean dissolution time, obtained for ketoprofen and acetaminophen using UV and HPLC-PDA methods, were compared by Student's t-test.Results: The first derivative spectrophotometric method was linear in the range of 25–200 µg/ml for ketoprofen and 25–150 µg/ml for acetaminophen (R2&gt;0.99, *P&lt;0.05). The within-day and between-day precision and accuracy were within the acceptable criteria (RSD&lt;3.4% and 100±3%). Similarity factor f2 was 85.85 and 88.49 for ketoprofen and acetaminophen, respectively. No significant differences between data obtained with UV and HPLC-PDA methods were found (*P&gt;0.05).Conclusion: The proposed method can be used for the simultaneous determination of ketoprofen and acetaminophen, from fixed-dose combination formulations, in dissolution studies. The method is rapid, simple, accurate, and precise without the need of high-cost investment.Keywords: Ketoprofen, Acetaminophen, Derivative spectroscopy, Zero-crossing method, Dissolution studies.Â

IN VITRO EVALUATION OF NAPROXEN SODIUM AND ACETAMINOPHEN FROM FIXED-DOSE COMBINATION GENERIC DRUGS USING THE FLOW-THROUGH CELL METHOD

Objective: The aim of this study was the in vitro evaluation of naproxen sodium and acetaminophen from fixed-dose combination generic drugs based on the hydrodynamic environment generated by the flow-through cell method (USP Apparatus 4).Methods: Dissolution studies were carried out using a USP Apparatus 4 Sotax CE6 with 22.6 mm cells, laminar flow at 16 ml/min, and 0.1 M phosphate buffer pH 7.4 at 37.0±0.5 °C as dissolution medium. Both drugs were identified and quantified by a validated first-order derivative spectrophotometric method. Measurements were achieved at 243.26 and 297.0 nm for naproxen sodium and acetaminophen, respectively. Dissolution profiles of generic drugs were compared with similarity factor f2, t50%, t85%, t90% values as well as model-dependent and independent methods.Results: According to f2 values, dissolution profiles of all generic drugs were considered dissimilar to the dissolution profiles of the reference product (f2&lt;50). Significant differences in t50%, t85%, t90%, mean dissolution time and dissolution efficiency values were found (*P&lt;0.05). Dissolution data better adjusted to Makoid-Banakar and Weibull's kinetic models.Conclusion: The flow-through cell method was adequate for the in vitro evaluation of fixed-dose combination generic drugs containing naproxen sodium and acetaminophen. It should be necessary to evaluate the in vivo performance of fixed-dose generic formulations that contain naproxen sodium and acetaminophen in order to assure bioequivalence.Keywords: Naproxen sodium, Acetaminophen, Flow-through cell method, Fixed-dose combination generic drugs, First-order derivative spectrophotometry. 1.        Ruiz ME, Gregorini A, Talevi A, Volonté MG. Dissolution studies of generic medications: new evidence of deviations from the transitivity principle. Dissol Technol 2012;19:13−24.2.        Shokin IE, Ramenskaya GV, Vasulenko GF, Malalshenko EA. Assessment of the possibility of using comparative in vitro dissolution kinetics (biowaiver) instead of in vitro bioequivalence evaluation for establishing the inter-changeability of generic drugs. Pharm Chem J 2011;45:107−9.3.        Jayasheel BG. Regulatory requirements for marketing fixed dose combinations. Perspect Clin Res 2010;1:120−3.4.        Mitra A, Wu Y. Challenges and opportunities in achieving bioequivalence for fixed-dose combination products. AAPS J 2012;14:646−55.5.        Faasen F, Vromans H. Biowaivers for oral immediate-release products. Clin Pharmacokinet 2004;45:1117−26.6.        Kalantzi L, Reppas C, Dressman JB, Amidon GL, Junginger HE, Midha KK, et al. Biowaiver monographs for immediate release solid oral dosage forms: acetaminophen (paracetamol). J Pharm Sci 2006;95:4−14.7.        Palma-Aguirre JA, Villalpando-Hernández J, Novoa-Heckel G, Oliva I, Cariño L, López-Bojórquez E, et al. Bioavailability of two oral tablet and two oral suspension formulations of naproxen sodium/paracetamol (acetaminophen): single dose, randomized, open-label, two-period crossover comparisons in healthy Mexican adult subjects. Clin Ther 2009;31:399−410.8.        Kasim NA, Whitehouse M, Ramachandran C, Bermejo M, Lennernäs H, Hussain AS, et al. Molecular properties of the WHO essential drugs and provisional biopharmaceutical classification. Mol Pharm 2004;1:85–96.9.        United States Pharmacopeia and National Formulary USP 38-NF 33: The United States Pharmacopeial Convention, Inc. Rockville, MD; 2015.10.     US FDA. Dissolution methods. Available from URL: http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cder/dissolution/. [Last accessed on 24 Sep 2015].11.     Medina JR, López-Tableros CA, Hernández-Altamirano G, Alarcón-Ãngeles G, Hurtado M, Domínguez-Ramírez AM. Simultaneous determination of naproxen sodium and acetaminophen in fixed-dose combinations formulations by first-order derivative spectroscopy: application to dissolution studies. Int J Pharm Pharm Sci 2015;7:183−8.12.     Chevalier E, Viana M, Artaud A, Chomette L, Haddouchi S, Devidts G, et al. Comparison of three dissolution apparatuses for testing calcium phosphate pellets used as ibuprofen delivery systems. AAPS PharmSciTech 2009:10:597−605.13.     Greco K, Bergman TL, Bogner R. Design and characterization of a laminar flow-through dissolution apparatus: comparison of hydrodynamic conditions to those of common dissolution techniques. Pharm Dev Technol 2011;16:75−87.14.     Shiko G, Gladden LF, Sederman AJ, Connolly PC, Butler JM. MRI studies of the hydrodynamics in a USP 4 dissolution testing cell. J Pharm Sci 2011;100:976−91.15.     Szymanska E, Winnicka K. Comparison of flow-through cell and paddle methods for testing vaginal tablets containing a poorly water-soluble drug. Trop J Pharm Res 2013;12:39–44.16.     Emara LH, Emam MF, Taha NF, El-Ashmawy AA, Mursi NM. In-vitro dissolution study of meloxicam immediate release products using flow-through cell (USP apparatus 4) under different operational conditions. Int J Pharm Pharm Sci 2014;6:254−60.17.     Jinno J, Kamada N, Miyake M, Yamada K, Mukai T, Odomi M, et al. In vitro-in vivo correlation for a wet-milled tablet of poorly water-soluble cilostazol. J Controlled Release 2008;130:29−37.18.     Jantratid E, De Maio V, Ronda E, Mattavelli V, Vertzoni M, Dressman JB. Application of bio-relevant dissolution tests to the prediction of in vivo performance of diclofenac sodium from an oral modified-release pellet dosage form. Eur J Pharm Sci 2009;37:434−41.19.     Hurtado M, Vargas Y, Domínguez-Ramírez AM, Cortés AR. Comparison of dissolution profiles for albendazole tablets using USP apparatus 2 and 4. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2003;29:777-83.20.     Medina JR, Salazar DK, Hurtado M, Cortés AR, Domínguez-Ramírez AM. Comparative in vitro dissolution study of carbamazepine immediate-release products using the USP paddles method and the flow-through cell system. Saudi Pharm J 2014;22:141−7.21.     Relación de Medicamentos de Referencia. Comisión Federal para la Protección contra Riesgos Sanitarios. México. Available from: URL: http://www.cofepris.gob.mx/AS/Documents/ Registro Sanitario Medicamentos/Rel_med_de_ref_15-08-2013. pdf. [Last accessed on 21 Nov 2015].22.     ICH, Q2B Validation of Analytical Procedures: Methodology, International Conference on Harmonization; 1996. Available from: URL: http://www.fda.gov/downloads/drugs/ guidance-complianceregulatoryinformation/guidances/ucm073384.pdf. [Last accessed on 24 Oct 2015].23.     Singh I, Aboul-Enein HY. Advantages of USP Apparatus IV (flow-through cell apparatus) in dissolution studies. J Iran Chem Soc 2006;3:220–2.24.     Gao Z. 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Optimization, Stability, and Entropy in Endoreversible Heat Engines

[EN]The stability of endoreversible heat engines has been extensively studied in the literature. In this paper, an alternative dynamic equations system was obtained by using restitution forces that bring the system back to the stationary state. The departing point is the assumption that the system has a stationary fixed point, along with a Taylor expansion in the first order of the input/output heat fluxes, without further specifications regarding the properties of the working fluid or the heat device specifications. Specific cases of the Newton and the phenomenological heat transfer laws in a Carnot-like heat engine model were analyzed. It was shown that the evolution of the trajectories toward the stationary state have relevant consequences on the performance of the system. A major role was played by the symmetries/asymmetries of the conductance ratio shc of the heat transfer law associated with the input/output heat exchanges. Accordingly, threemain behaviorswere observed: (1) For small shc values, the thermodynamic trajectories evolved near the endoreversible limit, improving the efficiency and power output values with a decrease in entropy generation; (2) for large shc values, the thermodynamic trajectories evolved either near the Pareto front or near the endoreversible limit, and in both cases, they improved the efficiency and power values with a decrease in entropy generation; (3) for the symmetric case (shc = 1), the trajectories evolved either with increasing entropy generation tending toward the Pareto front or with a decrease in entropy generation tending toward the endoreversible limit. Moreover, it was shown that the total entropy generation can define a time scale for both the operation cycle time and the relaxation characteristic time.Junta de Castilla y León, Project No. SA017P1

Valuable Business Knowledge Asset Discovery by Processing Unstructured Data.

Modern organizations are challenged to enact a digital transformation and improve their competitiveness while contributing to the ninth Sustainable Development Goal (SGD), “Build resilient infrastructure, promote sustainable industrialization and foster innovation”. The discovery of hidden process data’s knowledge assets may help to digitalize processes. Working on a valuable knowledge asset discovery process, we found a major challenge in that organizational data and knowledge are likely to be unstructured and undigitized, constraining the power of today’s process mining methodologies (PMM). Whereas it has been proved in digitally mature companies, the scope of PMM becomes wider with the complement proposed in this paper, embracing organizations in the process of improving their digital maturity based on available data. We propose the C4PM method, which integrates agile principles, systems thinking and natural language processing techniques to analyze the behavioral patterns of organizational semi-structured or unstructured data from a holistic perspective to discover valuable hidden information and uncover the related knowledge assets aligned with the organization strategic or business goals. Those assets are the key to pointing out potential processes susceptible to be handled using PMM, empowering a sustainable organizational digital transformation. A case study analysis from a dataset containing information on employees’ emails in a multinational company was conducted.post-print5352 K

Proposal of a methodology for implementing a service-oriented architecture in distributed manufacturing systems

As envisioned by Intelligent Manufacturing Systems (IMS), Next Generation Manufacturing Systems (NGMS) will satisfy the needs of an increasingly fast-paced and demanding market by dynamically integrating systems from inside and outside the manufacturing firm itself into a so-called extended enterprise. However, organizing these systems to ensure the maximum flexibility and interoperability with those from other organizations is difficult. Additionally, a defect in the system would have a great impact: it would affect not only its owner, but also its partners. For these reasons, we argue that a service-oriented architecture (SOA) would be a good candidate. It should be designed following a methodology where services play a central role, instead of being an implementation detail. In order for the architecture to be reliable enough as a whole, the methodology will need to help find errors before they arise in a production environment. In this paper we propose using SOA-specific testing techniques, compare some of the existing methodologies and outline several extensions upon one of them to integrate testing techniques