César Falcón y el grupo teatral Nosotros

In the theatre scene of the 1930s in Spain, in addition to the traditional commercial theatre and the republican avant-garde of Las Misiones Pedagógicas or La Barraca, an alternative proposal emerged whose objectives went beyond the pedagogical and the artistic. Proletarian, or political theatre, linked to European theatrical avant-garde with Soviet roots, was inspired by the principles of Bertolt Brecht and Erwin Piscator. They proposed, from a Marxist perspective, class struggle as means to achieve an alternative socialist model. The theatre company Nosotros, directed by Peruvian exile César Falcón, is the best example of this theatrical avant-garde.En la escena teatral de los años treinta en España, además del tradicional teatro comercial y la vanguardia republicana de Las Misiones Pedagógicas o La Barraca, surgió una propuesta alternativa cuyos objetivos fueron más allá de lo pedagógico y lo artístico. El teatro proletario, o político, heredero de la vanguardia teatral europea de raíz soviética, se inspiró en los principios de Bertold Brecht y Edwin Piscator que proponían, desde una óptica marxista, la lucha de clases que permitiese alcanzar un modelo alternativo socialista. La compañía teatral Nosotros, dirigida por el exiliado peruano César Falcón, es el mejor ejemplo de esta vanguardia teatral

Seasonal copula models for the analysis of glacier discharge at King George Island, Antarctica

Modelling glacier discharge is an important issue in hydrology and climate research. Glaciers represent a fundamental water resource when melting of ice and snow contributes to runoff. Glaciers are also studied as natural global warming sensors. GLACKMA association has implemented one of their Pilot Experimental Catchment areas at the King George Island in the Antarctica which records values of the liquid discharge from Collins glacier. In this paper, we propose the use of time-varying copula models for analyzing the relationship between air temperature and glacier discharge, which is clearly non constant and non linear through time. A seasonal copula model is defined where both the marginal and copula parameters vary periodically along time following a seasonal dynamic. Full Bayesian inference is performed such that the marginal and copula parameters are estimated in a one single step, in contrast with the usual two-step approach. Bayesian prediction and model selection is also carried out for the proposed model such that Bayesian credible intervals can be obtained for the conditional glacier discharge given a value of the temperature at any given time point. The proposed methodology is illustrated using the GLACKMA real data where there is, in addition, a hydrological year of missing discharge data which were not possible to measure accurately due to problems in the sounding.We are very grateful to the GLACKMA association. The second author acknowledges financial support by UC3M-BS Institute of Financial Big Data at Universidad Carlos III de Madrid. The third author would like to thank the Russian, Argentinean, German, Uruguayan and Chilean Antarctic Programs for their continuous logistic support over the years. The crews of Bellingshausen, Artigas, and Carlini station as well as the Dallmann Laboratory provided a warm and pleasant environment during fieldwork. GLACKMA’s contribution was also partially financed by the European Science Foundation, ESF project IMCOAST (EUI2009-04068) and the Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia (CGL2007-65522-C02-01/ANT)

Application of Chelating Agents to Enhance Fenton Process in Soil Remediation: A Review

Persistent organic contaminants affecting soil and groundwater pose a significant threat to ecosystems and human health. Fenton oxidation is an efficient treatment for removing these pollutants in the aqueous phase at acidic pH. However, the in-situ application of this technology for soil remediation (where pHs around neutrality are required) presents important limitations, such as catalyst (iron) availability and oxidant (H2O2) stability. The addition of chelating agents (CAs), forming complexes with Fe and enabling Fenton reactions under these conditions, so-called chelate-modified Fenton process (MF), tries to overcome the challenges identified in conventional Fenton. Despite the growing interest in this technology, there is not yet a critical review compiling the information needed for its real application. The advantages and drawbacks of MF must be clarified, and the recent achievements should be shared with the scientific community. This review provides a general overview of the application of CAs to enhance the Fenton process for the remediation of soils polluted with the most common organic contaminants, especially for a deep understanding of the activation mechanisms and influential factors. The existing shortcomings and research needs have been highlighted. Finally, future research perspectives on the use of CAs in MF and recommendations have been provided.Depto. de Ingeniería Química y de MaterialesFac. de Ciencias QuímicasTRUEComunidad de MadridMinisterio de Cienciapu

Vis LED Photo-Fenton Degradation of 124-Trichlorobenzene at a Neutral pH Using Ferrioxalate as Catalyst

Chlorinated organic compounds (COCs) are among the more toxic organic compounds frequently found in soil and groundwater. Among these, toxic and low-degradable chlorobenzenes are commonly found in the environment. In this work, an innovative process using hydrogen peroxide as the oxidant, ferrioxalate as the catalyst and a visible light-emitting diode lamp (Vis LED) were applied to successfully oxidize 124-trichlorobenzene (124-TCB) in a saturated aqueous solution of 124-TCB (28 mg L−1) at a neutral pH. The influence of a hydrogen peroxide (HP) concentration (61.5–612 mg L−1), Fe3+ (Fe) dosage (3–10 mg L−1), and irradiation level (Rad) (I = 0.12 W cm−2 and I = 0.18 W cm−2) on 124-TCB conversion and dechlorination was studied. A D–Optimal experimental design combined with response surface methodology (RSM) was implemented to maximize the quality of the information obtained. The ANOVA test was used to assess the significance of the model and its coefficients. The maximum pollutant conversion at 180 min (98.50%98.50%) was obtained with Fe = 7 mg L−1, HP = 305 mg L−1, and I = 0.12 W cm−2. The effect of two inorganic anions usually presents in real groundwater (bicarbonate and chloride, 600 mg L−1 each) was investigated under those optimized operating conditions. A slight reduction in the 124-TCB conversion after 180 min of reaction was noticed in the presence of bicarbonate (8.31%) and chloride (7.85%). Toxicity was studied with Microtox® (Azur Environmental, Carlsbad, CA, USA) bioassay, and a remarkable toxicity decrease was found in the treated samples, with the inhibition proportional to the remaining 124-TCB concentration. That means that nontoxic byproducts are produced in agreement with the high dechlorination degrees noticed.Depto. de Ingeniería Química y de MaterialesFac. de Ciencias QuímicasTRUEUnión EuropeaComunidad de MadridMinisterio de Ciencia, Innovaciónpu

Una experiencia de CINE (Colaboración, Integración, Nivelación, Éxito)

Se ha utilizado la herramienta del trabajo en grupo como una actividad para la nivelación de conocimientos básicos, necesarios para abordar la asignatura Química de Materiales en la titulación de Grado en Ingeniería Civil, impartida en la EUIT de Obras Públicas de la Universidad Politécnica de Madrid. Con esta experiencia se ha conseguido que los alumnos con más conocimientos de química se impliquen en el aprendizaje de sus compañeros. Así mismo, se ha logrado integrar, desde el comienzo de la asignatura, a los alumnos con dificultades de relación y, como consecuencia, no del todo incluidos en el conjunto de la clase

Reflexión sobre la eficiencia del empleo de herramientas de enseñanza-aprendizaje en asignaturas básicas de los estudios de Grado

El trabajo muestra los resultado académicos obtenidos a lo largo de los tres cursos, de la asignatura Química de Materiales de primer curso de la titulación de Grado de Ingeniería Civil de la UPM

HCH-Contaminated Soils and Remediation Technologies

The production of lindane (gamma isomer of hexachlorocyclohexane, γ-HCH) in the second half of the twentieth century was an inefficient process that generated vast amounts of residues of other HCH isomers, without any pesticide activity. These residues were often dumped in an uncontrolled way or unsecured landfills in points near the production sites, causing hot spots of soil and groundwater contamination on all continents. Given the persistence and hydrophobicity of these pollutants, the problem generated decades ago is still a challenge to be solved. Several technologies, based on physical, chemical, and biological treatments, have been proposed for the remediation of HCH-contaminated soils. This chapter reviews the particularities of this kind of contamination and critically examines the bases and results of the technologies applied, paying special attention to the physicochemical remediation processes

Using constraint solvers to support metamorphic testing

One of the current challenges in the context of Metamorphic Testing (MT) is the formalization and validation of metamorphic relations (MRs), as there is no single method or homogeneous way of doing it. It is a part of this software testing technique that, unlike others, is not yet developed. On one hand, the fact of having an artifact that formally validates these main elements in MT, facilitates the task for developers and testers and ensures that the technique applied fulfills its function with guarantees. On the other hand, nowadays, there are numerous accessible tools based on highly consolidated and mature constraint solvers that can help in this process of validation. Interpreting MRs as a set of constraints, their validation with these tools is directly applicable. This paper presents a proposal based on a use case, in which MRs are implemented as a set of restrictions. The experiments and the results are described and future lines of research are outlined