Arquivos urbanos: meio ambiente entre nomeações e imagens

O presente artigo procura contribuir para uma compreensão da densidade do arquivo, no seu embate com a memória discursiva. Foram tomados para análise materiais diversos (narrativas, imagens, depoimentos), que dizem respeito à relação do rio com a cidade. A pesquisa mostrou-me ser a investigação sobre a memória do rio um ponto de interesse para tocar o real da memória da cidade, buscando em especial os elementos significantes de um processo de urbanização, em sua relação com o chamado meio ambiente, e o modo como nele os sujeitos se produzem (urbanos). O recorte das análises aponta um caminho teórico-analítico que se delineia no sentido de compreender relações de atravessamentos entre nomeações e imagens

Natureza e ecologia na televisão brasileira

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Televisão brasileira : a comunicação institucionalizada

Orientador: Eduardo Junqueira GuimarãesTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Estudos da LinguagemResumo: Este é um trabalho na área da Semântica, em que a televisão brasileira é abordada enquanto enunciação. Os programas analisados foram o noticiário noturno e a telenovela, mais especificamente a cena (na telenovela) e a notícia (no telejornalismo), unidades de produção na própria televisão, que organizam o seu cotidiano de trabalho. Nesse contexto, procurei mostrar como a pauta age na produção das notícias e o enredo na produção das cenas, compreendendo pauta e enredo não no sentido tradicional e empírico, mas como memória histórico-discursiva. A Comunicação deveria constituir-se em um debate racional, e a Mídia uma instituição mediadora, no âmbito de uma sociedade democrática. Na perspectiva desse trabalho, o que a Mídia faz não é intermediação, mas produção de sentido, em um processo que constitui uma determinada visibilidade para o público, ao colocar em cena aquilo com que esse público deve lidar para estar informado/ atualizado... Primeiramente, a televisão aprofunda o imaginário da imprensa como instituição mediadora, pois, na sua forma de colocar em cena os acontecimentos, produz o efeito de uma imagem direta. Da institucionalização da televisão faz parte o desenvolvimento de instrumentos como o vt e a rede, bem como uma definição da fotografia, na sua cor, no seu foco etc. e uma definição de sua programação... Instrumentos/técnicas/ procedimentos/ normatizações... da televisão funcionariam no sentido de colocar em cena a realidade/ sociedade já dadas) para a compreensão do público, através da imagem direta ou da reconstituição. De modo a produzir uma enunciação da atualidade, a televisão formula-se como um diálogo constante, cotidiano, entre ela, instituição, e o seu público, o telespectador, que se realiza por exemplo pelo centramento da figura no vídeo, pela definição do foco (profundidade), que permite a aproximação da câmera etc. Como discurso jornalístico e como discurso cultural (ficção) sobre a sociedade, a televisão constitui os efeitos de informalidade e de instantaneidade, pela própria materialidade audiovisual, em que se destaca a figura de uma apresentador, o jornalista ou o comunicador, falando ao telespectador. Dadas as condições de sua produção, a televisão realizará portanto um deslocamento sobre o sentido do debate como espaço público de confronto de opiniões, através dos efeitos de intimidade e de familiaridade em sua enunciação. Mostro como no imaginário em que funcionam os processos discursivos da mídia, dadas as injunções à Comunicação, o domínio do público ou é um espaço consensual de interpretação, ou é um espaço previsível de disputa pelo sentido - senão, não lhe seria possível a compreensão das informações levadas até ele, a sua informaçãoRésumé: Ce travail dans le domaine de la sémantique aborde la télévision brésilienne en tant qu'énonciation. Les programmes analysés ont été le téléjournal du soir et lê feuilleton, plus spécifiquement la scene (au feuilleton) et la nouvelle (au téléjournal), des unités de production à la télévision elle-même, organisatrices de son quotidien de travail. Dans ce cadre j'ai essayé de montrer comment le conducteur agit sur la production des nouvelles et la trame sur celle des seênes, le conducteur et la trame étant compris non dans leur sens traditionnel et empirique, mais en tant que mémoire historique-discursive. La Communication devrait consister dans un débat rationnel et les médias une institution médiatrice dans le contexte d'une société démocratique. Dans la perspective de ce travail, ce que les médias font n'est pas de l'intermédiation mais de la production de sens, dans un processus qui constitue une certaine visibilité pour le public à mesure qu'il meten scenè que ce public doit confronter pour être informé / actualisé. La télévision approfondit d'abord l'imaginaire de la presse en tant qu'institution médiatrice car dans sa façon de mettre en scêne les événements, elle produit l'effet d'une image directe. De l'institutionnalisation de la télévision fait partie le développement d'instruments tels le vt et la chaine, aussi bien qu'une définition de la photographie en ce qui concerne sa couleur, la mise en lumiêre, etc., et une définition de sa programmation... Instruments/ techniques/ procédés/ normes... de la télévision agiraient dans le sens de mettre en scêne la réalité/ société (préalablement données) pour la compréhension du public à travers l'image directe ou la reconstitution. Afin de produire une énonciation de l'actualité, la télévision s'élabore comme un dialogue constant, quotidien, entre elle, institution, et son public, le téléspectateur. Ce dialogue s'accomplit par exemple à travers la centralisation de l'image sur l'écran, la mise au point (profondeur) qui permet la proximité de la caméra, etc. En tant que discours journalistique et discours culturel (fiction) sur la société, la télévision constitue les effets de l'informalité et de l'instantanéité de par sa propre matérialité audiovisuelle, mettant en évidence la figure d'un présentateur, le journaliste ou le communicateur, qui parle au téléspectateur. Étant données les conditions de sa production, la télévision aceomplira donc un déplacement sur le sens du débat en tant qu' espace publique de confrontation d'opinions à travers les effets de l'intimité et de la familiarité de son énonciation. Je montre comment, dans l'imaginaire ou se metlent en marche les processus discursifs des médias et en face des exigences faites à la Communication, le domaine du public constitue soit un espace consensuel d'interprétation soit un espace prévisible de dispute sur le sens - du contraire il ne lui serait pas possible la compréhension des informations qui lui arrivent, son informationDoutoradoDoutor em Linguístic

A biodiversidade e a floresta tropical no discurso de meio ambiente e desenvolvimento

Orientador: Eduardo Junqueira GuimarãesDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Estudos da LinguagemSem resumo na versão impressa.Abstract: Not informed.MestradoMestre em Linguístic

Playing and social skills in the interaction between children with hearing impairments and hearing mothers

Este artigo é resultado de um estudo que analisou a interação e o brincar entre 20 mães e seus filhos com deficiência auditiva, de graus severo e/ou profundo, com idades entre três e seis anos, em rotina de atendimento no Centro de Distúrbio da Audição, Linguagem e Visão do Hospital de Reabilitação de Anomalias Craniofaciais da Universidade de São Paulo. As mães foram entrevistadas e as respostas, analisadas quantitativa e qualitativamente. Os resultados mostraram que a interação com a mãe durante o brincar favorece o desenvolvimento de habilidades sociais para a adequação da criança ao seu meio social, e que as mães carecem de orientações, a fim de que esse espaço seja utilizado mais eficientemente para o aprendizado.This article is the result of a study assessing social interaction and play among 20 mothers and their children, between 3 and 6 years old, who suffer from a severe and/or profound hearing loss, in routine visits to the Centro de Distúrbio da Audição, Linguagem e Visão, at the Hospital de Reabilitação de Anomalias Craniofaciais at the Universidade de São Paulo. Mothers were interviewed and their responses were quantitatively and qualitatively assessed. Results showed that mother and child interaction during play assists with the development of social skills for adjusting to the social environment, and that mothers lack guidance, in order that this space is used more effectively for learning purposes

Programmable graphene-based microfluidic sensor for DNA detection

This study presents the development of a lab-on-a-chip (LoC) by integrating a graphene field-effect transistor (FET) chip with a programmable microfluidic device for DNA detection. The real-time biochemical events on the graphene FET chip were monitored through Dirac voltage shift data from the portable graphene curve reader with changes dependent on the fluidic flow into the sensing interface by a fully automated programmable microfluidic system. High sensitivity with high reliability can be obtained with a nine-graphene sensor layout on a single chip. The portable graphene curve reader also provides a tunable electrical parameter setup and straightforward data acquisition. Fluidic control was performed through a multi-position valve, allowing sequential commands for liquid injection into the polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) flow cell mounted on the sensing chip. The flow cell design with impinging jet geometry and the microfluidic system packaging offer high precision and portability as a less laborious and low-cost sensing setup. The merged system allows for various functionalities, including probe DNA (pDNA) immobilization, a blocking step, and DNA hybridization with stable signal output autonomously, even in a long-run experimental setup. As a DNA sensor, the proposed prototype has demonstrated a high sensitivity of ~44 mV/decade of target DNA concentration, with an outstanding limit of detection (LoD) of ~0.642 aM, making it one of the most sensitive sensors reported up to date. The programmable device has demonstrated essential versatilities for biomolecular detection in a fully portable and automated platform.This research is supported by PORTGRAPHE-Control of Port and Douro Wines authenticity using graphene DNA sensors project co-funded by Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT) Portugal (PTDC/BIA-MOL/31069/2017) and the ERDF through COMPETE2020 (POCI-01–0145-FEDER-031069). One of the authors (Telma Domingues) acknowledges a Ph.D. grant from Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT) Portugal (SFRH/BD/08181/2020). FCT partially supported University of Minho´s research in the Strategic Funding UIDB/04650/2020

Ultrasensitive dopamine detection with graphene aptasensor multitransistor arrays

Detecting physiological levels of neurotransmitters in biological samples can advance our understanding of brain disorders and lead to improved diagnostics and therapeutics. However, neurotransmitter sensors for real-world applications must reliably detect low concentrations of target analytes from small volume working samples. Herein, a platform for robust and ultrasensitive detection of dopamine, an essential neurotransmitter that underlies several brain disorders, based on graphene multitransistor arrays (gMTAs) functionalized with a selective DNA aptamer is presented. High-yield scalable methodologies optimized at the wafer level were employed to integrate multiple graphene transistors on small-size chips (4.5 × 4.5 mm). The multiple sensor array configuration permits independent and simultaneous replicate measurements of the same sample that produce robust average data, reducing sources of measurement variability. This procedure allowed sensitive and reproducible dopamine detection in ultra-low concentrations from small volume samples across physiological buffers and high ionic strength complex biological samples. The obtained limit-of-detection was 1 aM (10-18) with dynamic detection ranges spanning 10 orders of magnitude up to 100 µM (10-8), and a 22 mV/decade peak sensitivity in artificial cerebral spinal fluid. Dopamine detection in dopamine-depleted brain homogenates spiked with dopamine was also possible with a LOD of 1 aM, overcoming sensitivity losses typically observed in ion-sensitive sensors in complex biological samples. Furthermore, we show that our gMTAs platform can detect minimal changes in dopamine concentrations in small working volume samples (2 µL) of cerebral spinal fluid samples obtained from a mouse model of Parkinson's Disease. The platform presented in this work can lead the way to graphene-based neurotransmitter sensors suitable for real-world academic and pre-clinical pharmaceutical research as well as clinical diagnosis.This work was funded by: "la Caixa" Banking Foundation under grant agree ment LCF/PR/HR21-00410; national funds, through the Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT)—projects UIDB/50026/2020, UIDP/50026/2020, and UIDB/04650/2020; by FCT project PTDC/MED-NEU/28073/2017 (POCI-01-307 0145-FEDER-028073); by The Branco Weiss fellowship—Society in Science (ETH Zurich); and by FCT Ph.D. fellowships SFRH/BD/14536/2022 (M.A.), SFRH/BD/08181/2020 (T.D.), and PD/BD/127823/2016 (D.R.)

Optimizing PMMA solutions to suppress contamination in the transfer of CVD graphene for batch production

Mass production and commercial adoption of graphene-based devices are held back by a few crucial technical challenges related to quality control. In the case of graphene produced by chemical vapor deposition, the transfer process represents a delicate step that can compromise device performance and reliability, thus hindering industrial production. In this context, the impact of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), the most common support material for transferring graphene from the Cu substrate to any target surface, can be decisive in obtaining reproducible sample batches. Although effective in mechanically supporting graphene during the transfer, PMMA solutions needs to be efficiently designed, deposited, and post-treated to serve their purpose while minimizing potential contaminations. Here, we prepared and tested PMMA solutions with different average molecular weight (AMW) and weight concentration in anisole, to be deposited by spin coating. Optical microscopy and Raman spectroscopy showed that the amount of PMMA residues on transferred graphene is proportional to the AMW and concentration in the solvent. At the same time, the mechanical strength of the PMMA layer is proportional to the AMW. These tests served to design an optimized PMMA solution made of a mixture of 550,000 (550k) and 15,000 (15k) AMW PMMA in anisole at 3% concentration. In this design, PMMA550k provided suitable mechanical strength against breakage during the transfer cycles, while PMMA-15k promoted depolymerization, which allowed for a complete removal of PMMA residues without the need for any post-treatment. An XPS analysis confirmed the cleanness of the optimized process. We validated the impact of the optimized PMMA solution on the mass fabrication of arrays of electrolyte-gated graphene field-effect transistors operating as biosensors. On average, the transistor channel resistance decreased from 1860 to 690 Ω when using the optimized PMMA. Even more importantly, the vast majority of these resistance values are distributed within a narrow range (only ca. 300 Ω wide), in evident contrast with the scattered values obtained in non-optimized devices (about 30% of which showed values above 1 MΩ). These results prove that the optimized PMMA solution unlock the production of reproducible electronic devices at the batch scale, which is the key to industrial productionproject "GEMIS – Graphene-enhanced Electro-Magnetic Interference Shielding", with the reference POCI-01-0247-FEDER-045939, co-funded by COMPETE 2020 – Operational Programme for Competitiveness and Internationalization and the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT), under the Portugal 2020 Partnership Agreement, through the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) and the FCT via the Strategic Funding UIDB/04650/2020. C. D. Liao acknowledges a Marie Skłodowska-Curie COFUND Fellowship (H2020-MSCA-COFUND 2015). T. Queirós acknowledges a PhD grant from FCT with reference SFRH/BD/150646/2020 in the framework of the Quantum Portugal Initiative. T. Domingues acknowledges a PhD grant from FCT with reference SFRH/BD/08181/202

Clean-Room lithographical processes for the fabrication of Graphene biosensors

This work is on developing clean-room processes for the fabrication of electrolyte-gate graphene field-effect transistors at the wafer scale for biosensing applications. Our fabrication process overcomes two main issues: removing surface residues after graphene patterning and the dielectric passivation of metallic contacts. A graphene residue-free transfer process is achieved by using a pre-transfer, sacrificial metallic mask that protects the entire wafer except the areas around the channel, source, and drain, onto which the graphene film is transferred and later patterned. After the dissolution of the mask, clean gate electrodes are obtained. The multilayer SiO2/SiNx dielectric passivation takes advantage of the excellent adhesion of SiO2 to graphene and the substrate materials and the superior impermeability of SiNx. It hinders native nucleation centers and breaks the propagation of defects through the layers, protecting from prolonged exposition to all common solvents found in biochemistry work, contrary to commonly used polymeric passivation. Since wet etch does not allow the required level of control over the lithographic process, a reactive ion etching process using a sacrificial metallic stopping layer is developed and used for patterning the passivation layer. The process achieves devices with high reproducibility at the wafer scale.Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) in the framework of the Strategic Funding UIDB/04650/2020, UIDP/00013/2020, and Operational Program Competitiveness and Internationalization (POCI) under project POCI-01-0145-FEDER-031069 (PORTGRAPHE). This work was partially supported by E.U. Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme, under project MULTIMAL (grant #777222). P.D. Cabral acknowledges the Ph.D. grant (SFRH/BD/128579/2017) from the FC