High Temperature Emissivity, Reflectivity, and X-ray absorption of BiFeO3

We report on the lattice evolution of BiFeO3 as function of temperature using far infrared emissivity, reflectivity, and X-ray absorption local structure. A power law fit to the lowest frequency soft phonon in the magnetic ordered phase yields an exponent {\beta}=0.25 as for a tricritical point. At about 200 K below TN~640 K it ceases softening as consequence of BiFeO3 metastability. We identified this temperature as corresponding to a crossover transition to an order-disorder regime. Above ~700 K strong band overlapping, merging, and smearing of modes are consequence of thermal fluctuations and chemical disorder. Vibrational modes show band splits in the ferroelectric phase as emerging from triple degenerated species as from a paraelectric cubic phase above TC~1090 K. Temperature dependent X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) at the Fe K-edge shows that lower temperature Fe3+ turns into Fe2+. While this matches the FeO w\"ustite XANES profile, the Bi LIII-edge downshift suggests a high temperature very complex bond configuration at the distorted A perovskite site. Overall, our local structural measurements reveal high temperature defect-induced irreversible lattice changes, below, and above the ferroelectric transition, in an environment lacking of long-range coherence. We did not find an insulator to metal transition prior to melting.Comment: Accepted for publicatio

Evaluation of Marine Brown Algae and Sponges from Brazil as Anticoagulant and Antiplatelet Products

The ischemic disorders, in which platelet aggregation and blood coagulation are involved, represent a major cause of disability and death worldwide. The antithrombotic therapy has unsatisfactory performance and may produce side effects. So, there is a need to seek molecules with antithrombotic properties. Marine organisms produce substances with different well defined ecological functions. Moreover, some of these molecules also exhibit pharmacological properties such as antiviral, anticancer, antiophidic and anticoagulant properties. The aim of this study was to evaluate, through in vitro tests, the effect of two extracts of brown algae and ten marine sponges from Brazil on platelet aggregation and blood coagulation. Our results revealed that most of the extracts were capable of inhibiting platelet aggregation and clotting measured by plasma recalcification tests, prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, and fibrinogenolytic activity. On the other hand, five of ten species of sponges induced platelet aggregation. Thus, the marine organisms studied here may have molecules with antithrombotic properties, presenting biotechnological potential to antithrombotic therapy. Further chemical investigation should be conducted on the active species to discover useful molecules for the development of new drugs to treat clotting disorders

O registro dos limites da cidade: imagens da várzea do Carmo no século XIX

Este trabalho debruça-se sobre a iconografia paulistana do século XIX, em suas pinturas, aquarelas e litografias. Partindo da constatação da existência de um privilegiamento das áreas dos arredores do centro nas representações da cidade, especificamente uma região, a várzea do Carmo, e dessa permanência ainda na virada do século, quando a cidade sofre um processo de urbanização e crescimento grande, e a fotografia já está registrando as áreas centrais, quisemos investigar os sentidos dessas representações, tanto a presença desse espaço - a várzea do Carmo - no imaginário da época (cronistas, legisladores, memorialistas), quanto as imagens da cidade que estão sendo produzidas a partir desse ângulo de registro. Escolhemos analisar algumas imagens dessa região, concentrando-nos no final do século, contrapondo com outros discursos produzidos sobre a área por cronistas, jornalistas e memorialistas, na tentativa de entender um pouco mais a sociedade que as produziu

PERIDURAL CATETER RUPTURE DURING ANESTHETIC ACT

ABSTRACT: Epidural catheter rupture is a condition rarely described in the literature, being considered rare. The reports on the subject present discussions about the possible causes and consequences in the anesthetic act. Discussions about complications are even rarer, of which neurological symptoms, pain, inflammation, root avulsion or infectious complications. Thus, this clinical case describes an event of epidural catheter rupture in a patient during preoperative analgesia, treated by surgery. Data were obtained through a review of the medical record, interview with the patient, photographic record of the diagnostic methods and review of the literature. Patient A. C., female, 28 years old, 55 kg, 1.64 m, GIPI, with previous history of pain in right hypochondrium, associated with nausea and vomiting, diagnosed with choledocholithiasis and taken to the surgical center for conventional cholecystectomy. During insertion of the catheter for anesthesia in the thoracic epidural space, the patient reported paresthesia in the right lower limb. When withdrawing needle-catheter assembly under resistance, there was rupture of the same. It was decided to perform imaging tests, which showed a catheter fragment in the computed axial tomography. Since the patient was symptomatic, an emergency surgical procedure was performed. Keywords: epidural anesthesia; complications; epidural catheter; break.RESUMO: A ruptura do cateter peridural é uma condição pouco descrita em literatura, sendo assim considerada rara. Os relatos acerca do tema apresentam discussões sobre as possíveis causas e consequências no ato anestésico. Discussões acerca de complicações são ainda mais raras, das quais sintomas neurológicos, dor, inflamação, avulsão radicular ou complicações infecciosas. Desse modo, este caso clínico descreve um evento de ruptura de cateter peridural em uma paciente durante analgesia pré-operatória, tratada por cirurgia. Os dados foram obtidos através de revisão do prontuário, entrevista com a paciente, registro fotográfico dos métodos diagnósticos e revisão da literatura. Paciente A. C., sexo feminino, 28 anos, 55 kg, 1,64 m, GIPI, com história prévia de dor em hipocôndrio direito, associada à náuseas e vômitos, diagnosticada com coledocolitíase e conduzida ao centro cirúrgico para colecistectomia convencional. Durante a inserção do cateter para anestesia no espaço peridural torácico, a paciente referiu parestesia em membro inferior direito. Recuado conjunto agulha-cateter sob resistência, houve rompimento do mesmo. Optou-se pela realização de exames de imagem, que evidenciou fragmento de cateter na tomografia axial computadorizada. Visto que a paciente apresentava-se sintomática, procedeu-se conduta cirúrgica de urgência.  Palavras-chave: anestesia peridural; complicações; cateter peridural; ruptura

NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES: a data set on carnivore distribution in the Neotropics

Mammalian carnivores are considered a key group in maintaining ecological health and can indicate potential ecological integrity in landscapes where they occur. Carnivores also hold high conservation value and their habitat requirements can guide management and conservation plans. The order Carnivora has 84 species from 8 families in the Neotropical region: Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Otariidae; Phocidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae. Herein, we include published and unpublished data on native terrestrial Neotropical carnivores (Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae). NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES is a publicly available data set that includes 99,605 data entries from 35,511 unique georeferenced coordinates. Detection/non-detection and quantitative data were obtained from 1818 to 2018 by researchers, governmental agencies, non-governmental organizations, and private consultants. Data were collected using several methods including camera trapping, museum collections, roadkill, line transect, and opportunistic records. Literature (peer-reviewed and grey literature) from Portuguese, Spanish and English were incorporated in this compilation. Most of the data set consists of detection data entries (n = 79,343; 79.7%) but also includes non-detection data (n = 20,262; 20.3%). Of those, 43.3% also include count data (n = 43,151). The information available in NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES will contribute to macroecological, ecological, and conservation questions in multiple spatio-temporal perspectives. As carnivores play key roles in trophic interactions, a better understanding of their distribution and habitat requirements are essential to establish conservation management plans and safeguard the future ecological health of Neotropical ecosystems. Our data paper, combined with other large-scale data sets, has great potential to clarify species distribution and related ecological processes within the Neotropics. There are no copyright restrictions and no restriction for using data from this data paper, as long as the data paper is cited as the source of the information used. We also request that users inform us of how they intend to use the data