Globalizing Hayden White

This conversation originated in a plenary session organized by Ewa Domańska and María Inés La Greca under the same title of ‘Globalizing Hayden White’ at the III International Network for Theory of History Conference ‘Place and Displacement: The Spacing of History’ held at Södertörn University, Stockholm, in August 2018. In order to pay homage to Hayden White’s life work 5 months after his passing we knew that what was needed–and what he himself would have wanted–was a vibrant intellectual exchange. Our ‘celebration by discussion’ contains elaborated and revised versions of the presentations by scholars from China (Xin Chen), Latin America (María Inés La Greca, Veronica Tozzi Thompson), United States (Paul Roth), Western (Kalle Pihlainen) and East-Central Europe (Ewa Domańska). We took this opportunity of gathering scholars who represent different parts of the world, different cultures and approaches to reflect on White’s ideas in a global context. Our interest was in discussing how his work has been read and used (or even misread and misused) and how it has influenced theoretical discussions in different parts of the globe. Rather than just offering an account as experts, we mainly wanted to reflect on the current state of our field and the ways that White’s inheritance might and should be carried forward in the future.Fil: Domanska, Ewa. Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań; PoloniaFil: la Greca, María Inés. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Tres de Febrero. Departamento de Metodología, Estadística y Matemáticas; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Filosofía y Letras. Departamento de Filosofía; ArgentinaFil: Roth, Paul A.. University of California at Santa Cruz; Estados UnidosFil: Chen, Xin. Zhejiang University; ChinaFil: Tozzi, María Verónica. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Tres de Febrero. Departamento de Metodología, Estadística y Matemáticas; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Filosofía y Letras. Departamento de Filosofía; ArgentinaFil: Pihlainen, Kalle. Tallinn University; Estoni

РЕВОЛЮЦІЯ ГІДНОСТІ В ПРОСТОРІ ЄВРОПЕЙСЬКИХ ЦІННОСТЕЙ

In the article category "dignity" is examined in connection with the changes of social situation in Ukraine and in space of European development. The social and cultural differences of the European and Ukrainian way of becoming of this valued phenomenon are investigated.В статье категория "достоинство" рассматривается в связи с изменениями социальной ситуации в Украине и в пространстве европейского развития. Исследуются социокультурные отличия европейского и украинского пути становления этого ценностного феномена.У статті категорія "гідність" розглядається у зв'язку зі змінами соціальної ситуації в Україні та в просторі європейського розвитку. Досліджуються соціокультурні відмінності європейського й українського шляху становлення цього ціннісного феномену

ФОРМУВАННЯ НАЦІОНАЛЬНОГО КУЛЬТУРНОГО ПРОСТОРУ ЯК ДУХОВНИЙ ФУНДАМЕНТ УКРАЇНСЬКОЇ ДЕРЖАВНОСТІ

In the article on the basis of establishment of difference between the individual and collective types of social organization the difference of the valued structures of consciousness of Ukrainian and Russian ethnic community is determined. Aspiring to freedom and maintenance dignities, incident to Ukrainian national mentality, are determined by the necessity of creation of unique model of the state system, directed on defence and maintenance of national spiritual values.The aim of this paper is to establish a connection of concepts the Ukrainian state system and spiritual maintenance of the Ukrainian state system and also determination of its basic content. It is based on vision of the Ukrainian state system historically asserting itself or in the river-bed of fight for independence or in accordance with principles of soviet state building. Basis of analysis is formed by basic ideas about the construction of the state system in positions of  prominent representatives of national culture and socio-political idea.It is investigated the distinction of structures of the valued consciousness of representatives Ukrainian and Russian ethnic associations. There are different principles of organization of the national state system. Principles of free development, incident to Ukrainians appeared incompatible with principles of collective organization of activity of Russian community. The spirit of Ukrainian nation in the basis saves the elements of heathen and romantic perception of the world. Principles of free intercourse and autonomy are in organization of economic activity, cheerful creation on the basis of justice and respect to personality make spiritual foundation of the Ukrainian state system. These principles need defence. It is therefore necessary to find unique form of the state system, called to protect and develop national spiritual values.It is marked a general list of the valued concepts and categories which can make foundation of construction of spiritual foundation of the Ukrainian state system and the theoretical terms of their achievement are formulated. So Ukrainian legislators may find the information contained in this article useful for developing a new strategy of construction and development of the Ukrainian state system in modern terms.В статье на основе установления разницы между индивидуальным и коллективным типами социальной организации определяется отличие ценностных структур сознания украинской и российской этнической общности. Стремление к свободе и сохранению достоинства, свойственные украинскому национальному менталитету, определяют необходимость создания уникальной модели государственности, направленной на защиту и поддержание национальных духовных ценностей.У статті на основі встановлення різниці між індивідуальним та колективним типами соціальної організації визначається відмінність ціннісних структур свідомості української та російської етнічних спільнот. Прагнення свободи і збереження гідності, притаманні українському національному менталітету, визначають необхідність творення унікальної моделі державності, спрямованої на захист та підтримку національних духовних цінностей

Hemagglutinin Spatial Distribution Shifts in Response to Cholesterol in the Influenza Viral Envelope

AbstractInfluenza virus delivers its genome to the host cytoplasm via a process of membrane fusion mediated by the viral hemagglutinin protein. Optimal fusion likely requires multiple hemagglutinin trimers, so the spatial distribution of hemagglutinin on the viral envelope may influence fusion mechanism. We have previously shown that moderate depletion of cholesterol from the influenza viral envelope accelerates fusion kinetics even though it decreases fusion efficiency, both in a reversible manner. Here, we use electron cryo-microscopy to measure how the hemagglutinin lateral density in the viral envelope changes with cholesterol extraction. We extract this information by measuring the radial distribution function of electron density in >4000 viral images per sample, assigning hemagglutinin density by comparing images with and without anti-HA Fab bound. On average, hemagglutinin trimers move closer together: we estimate that the typical trimer-trimer spacing reduces from 94 to 84 Å when ∼90% of cholesterol is removed from the viral membrane. Upon restoration of viral envelope cholesterol, this spacing once again expands. This finding can qualitatively explain the observed changes to fusion kinetics: contemporary models from single-virus microscopy are that fusion requires the engagement of several hemagglutinin trimers in close proximity. If removing cholesterol increases the lateral density of hemagglutinin, this should result in an increase in the rate of fusion

Molecular Organisation of Tick-Borne Encephalitis Virus

Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) is a pathogenic, enveloped, positive-stranded RNA virus in the family Flaviviridae. Structural studies of flavivirus virions have primarily focused on mosquito-borne species, with only one cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structure of a tick-borne species published. Here, we present a 3.3 Å cryo-EM structure of the TBEV virion of the Kuutsalo-14 isolate, confirming the overall organisation of the virus. We observe conformational switching of the peripheral and transmembrane helices of M protein, which can explain the quasi-equivalent packing of the viral proteins and highlights their importance in stabilising membrane protein arrangement in the virion. The residues responsible for M protein interactions are highly conserved in TBEV but not in the structurally studied Hypr strain, nor in mosquito-borne flaviviruses. These interactions may compensate for the lower number of hydrogen bonds between E proteins in TBEV compared to the mosquito-borne flaviviruses. The structure reveals two lipids bound in the E protein which are important for virus assembly. The lipid pockets are comparable to those recently described in mosquito-borne Zika, Spondweni, Dengue, and Usutu viruses. Our results thus advance the understanding of tick-borne flavivirus architecture and virion-stabilising interactions

Molecular Organisation of Tick-Borne Encephalitis Virus

Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) is a pathogenic, enveloped, positive-stranded RNA virus in the family Flaviviridae. Structural studies of flavivirus virions have primarily focused on mosquito-borne species, with only one cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structure of a tick-borne species published. Here, we present a 3.3 Å cryo-EM structure of the TBEV virion of the Kuutsalo-14 isolate, confirming the overall organisation of the virus. We observe conformational switching of the peripheral and transmembrane helices of M protein, which can explain the quasi-equivalent packing of the viral proteins and highlights their importance in stabilising membrane protein arrangement in the virion. The residues responsible for M protein interactions are highly conserved in TBEV but not in the structurally studied Hypr strain, nor in mosquito-borne flaviviruses. These interactions may compensate for the lower number of hydrogen bonds between E proteins in TBEV compared to the mosquito-borne flaviviruses. The structure reveals two lipids bound in the E protein which are important for virus assembly. The lipid pockets are comparable to those recently described in mosquito-borne Zika, Spondweni, Dengue, and Usutu viruses. Our results thus advance the understanding of tick-borne flavivirus architecture and virion-stabilising interactions

Lithium difluoro­(oxalato)borate tetra­methyl­ene sulfone disolvate

The title compound, Li+·C2BF2O4 −·2C4H8O2S, is a dimeric species, which resides across a crystallographic inversion center. The dimers form eight-membered rings containing two Li+ cations, which are joined by O2S sulfone linkages. The Li+ cations are ligated by four O atoms from the anions and solvent mol­ecules, forming a pseudo-tetra­hedral geometry. The exocyclic coordination sites are occupied by O atoms from the oxalate group of the difluoro­(oxalato)borate anion and an additional tetra­methyl­ene sulfone ligand

A novel druggable interprotomer pocket in the capsid of rhino- and enteroviruses

Rhino- and enteroviruses are important human pathogens, against which no antivirals are available. The best-studied inhibitors are capsid binders that fit in a hydrophobic pocket of the viral capsid. Employing a new class of entero-/rhinovirus inhibitors and by means of cryo-electron microscopy (EM), followed by resistance selection and reverse genetics, we discovered a hitherto unknown druggable pocket that is formed by viral proteins VP1 and VP3 and that is conserved across entero-/rhinovirus species. We propose that these inhibitors stabilize a key region of the virion, thereby preventing the conformational expansion needed for viral RNA release. A medicinal chemistry effort resulted in the identification of analogues targeting this pocket with broad-spectrum activity against Coxsackieviruses B (CVBs) and compounds with activity against enteroviruses (EV) of groups C and D, and even rhinoviruses (RV). Our findings provide novel insights in the biology of the entry of entero-/rhinoviruses and open new avenues for the design of broad-spectrum antivirals against these pathogens.Peer reviewe