Annual evolution of the number of hotel squares offered in the city of Seville. An empirical analysis with support econometric

Con el correspondiente “pico” en 1992, por razones obvias, y unproceso suavemente creciente en la última década,se analiza la evolución histórica del número de plazas hoteleras ofertadas por la ciudad de Sevilla en hoteles de tres, cuatro y cinco estrellas, en el periodo comprendido entre 1988 y 2011. En primer lugar, los análisis gráficos son bastante elocuentes de la evolución delas series y del cambio estructural que se produce en 1992. Modelos de regresión, tanto en escala de nivel como logarítmica, corrigiendo el efecto de la autocorrelación,propio de datos longitudinales, con estimaciones de tipo Prais-Winsten o Cochrane-Orcutt, son empleados para medir el grado de influencia de algunas magnitudes macroeconómicas de nuestro país o de los países del entorno que más visitantes proporcionan a la ciudad, sobre esa evolución temporal. También, modelos autorregresivos de orden 1 y modelos con tendencia definida describen bastante bien el fenómeno estudiado

Paleoclimatic records from the Fuente Nueva 1 section (Orce, Guadix-Baza Basin, NE Granada, Spain): preliminary mineralogical data

The mineralogical study of 45 samples collected from the Fuente Nueva 1 (FN1) section (Orce, NE Granada, Spain) has been carried out using X-ray diffraction data on bulk powder and <2 m fraction to the establishment the paleoclimatic record and the origin of the inputs into the basin. The FN1 section is located in the central sector of the Betic Cordillera. During the Pliocene and Pleistocene, the Baza sub-basin was dominated by lacustrine deposits. The FN1 section (in Baza sub-basin) comprises a lower unit of Pliocene age consisting of lacustrine limestones and marls. Discordant on it, the Pleistocene is characterized by an alternation of two alluvial and two lacustrine episodes. In the first lacustrine episode is located the paleontological site of FN1 (approx. 2.3 Ma), which represents the oldest Pleistocene macrovertebrate site of Baza sub-basin. Moreover, this basin preserves some of the earliest evidences of human presence in Europe in several archaeo-paleontological sites correlated with the second Pleistocene lacustrine episode of FN1 section. The climate during the deposition of FN1 section was temperate to warm-subarid with seasonal contrast as suggested the high occurrence of 2:1 layer phyllosilicates. The subarid conditions were more remarkable in the first Pleistocene alluvial episode as attested by an increase in palygorskite and precipitation of gypsum. Whereas, at the end of the second alluvial episode, the humid conditions were established as showed by lack in palygorskite and increase in illite and kaolinite. The variable quartz/phyllosilicate (Qz/Phy) and occurrence of muscovite and paragonite in samples at the end of the second Pleistocene lacustrine episode indicate a high detrital input from the Internal Zone outcrop in the south of the basin. Further studies include a precise characterization of morphology and geochemistry of the clay minerals in order to provide better paleoclimatical and paleoenvironmental characterization of basin.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech

Legislación aplicable a los servicios electrónicos en unidades documentales

The different electronic services that are commonly offered by information and documentation units have been classified into three main groups, according to the legislation that must be applied with regard to the protection of personal data, services for the Information Society and e-Business, intellectual property and web accessibility.Se han clasificado los distintos servicios electrónicos que ofrecen las unidades documentales en tres grandes bloques en función de la legislación aplicable en materia de protección de datos de carácter personal, medidas de seguridad de los ficheros automatizados que contengan datos de carácter personal, servicios de la sociedad de la información y comercio electrónico y propiedad intelectual de los contenidos, así como la accesibilidad de las páginas web de los nuevos servicios electrónicos proporcionados por estos centros

Aplicaciones de los blogs en unidades de información: usos y perspectivas

The concept of weblog, its structure and its use in the context of libraries and information units are analyzed. First, the functionalities and uses of blogs are described and studied. Later, the potential utility of these functionalities for different libraries and information units is exploredEl presente artículo analiza el concepto de weblog, su estructura y el uso que se hace de ellos en la actualidad. A partir de los usos conocidos y analizando las funcionalidades que ofrece cada uno de los componentes de esta herramienta, se compara con las necesidades comunicativas de las unidades de información y se exponen propuesta

Metodologías activas y gamificación en las asignaturas de iniciación a la programación

Aprender a programar es una tarea compleja que requiere del desarrollo de diversas habilidades. Los estudiantes que se inician en la programación se encuentran con serias dificultadas en el aprendizaje de esta materia. Actualmente en los nuevos Grados se han introducido asignaturas relacionadas con las tecnologías de la información, en donde se realiza un primer contacto con la programación. En esta comunicación presentamos el trabajo realizado para el desarrollo de una metodología docente para la enseñanza de programación, basada en el uso de metodologías activas y el empleo de gamificación para incentivar la participación del alumnado y aumentar su motivación. Comentamos la implantación de esta metodología en un curso de iniciación a la programación del Grado en Ingeniería Informática y exponemos los resultados obtenidos.Learning programming is a complex task that requires the development of various skills. Students who are new to programming encounter serious difficulties in learning the subject. Nowadays degrees in the new study system have introduced subjects related to information technology, where students make their first contact with programming. In this paper we present the work done to develop a methodology for teaching programming based on the use of active methodologies and gamification, to encourage student participation and increase motivation. We discuss the implementation of this methodology in an introductory course to programming in the Degree in Computer Science and present some results

Mediterranean diet supplemented with nuts reduces waist circumference and shifts lipoprotein subfractions to a less atherogenic pattern in subjects at high cardiovascular risk

[Objective]: The PREDIMED trial showed that Mediterranean diets supplemented with either extra-virgin olive oil or nuts reduced incident cardiovascular events compared to a control diet. Consumption of both supplemental foods has been associated with reduced LDL-cholesterol, but it is unknown whether they can shift lipoprotein subfractions to a less atherogenic pattern. We investigated changes in adiposity and lipoprotein subfractions after consumption of the PREDIMED diets.[Methods]: In a PREDIMED sub-cohort (n = 169), lipoprotein subclasses (particle concentrations and size) were determined by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy at baseline and after intervention for 1 year.[Results]: Participants allocated to the Mediterranean diet supplemented with nuts showed significant reductions from baseline of waist circumference (mean [95% CI]; −5 cm [−7; −3]) and concentrations of medium-small (−27 nmol/l [−46; −8]) and very small LDL (−111 nmol/l [−180; −42]); decreased LDL particle number (a nuclear magnetic resonance-specific measurement) (−98 nmol/l [−184; −11]); and an increase of large LDL concentrations (54 nmol/l [18; 90]), with a net increase (0.2 nmol/l [0.1; 0.4]) of LDL size. The Mediterranean diets with olive oil and nuts increased large HDL concentrations (0.6 μM [0.0; 1.1] and 1.0 μM [0.4; 1.5], respectively). Compared to the other two intervention groups, participants in the nut-enriched diet showed significantly reduced waist circumference (p ≤ 0.006, both) and increased LDL size (p < 0.05, both).[Conclusion]: Lipoprotein subfractions are shifted to a less atherogenic pattern by consumption of Mediterranean diets enriched with nuts. The results contribute mechanistic evidence for the reduction of cardiovascular events observed in the PREDIMED trial.This study was funded in part by ISCIII (Spanish Ministry of Economy) through grants RTIC G03/140, RTIC RD 06/0045, and FIS PS09/01292 and grant CNIC 06/2007 from Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain. AS-V was supported by post-doctoral contract FIS CD07/0083. MF was supported by a joint contract of ISCIII and the Health Department of the Catalan Government (Generalitat de Catalunya), CP 06/00100

Deciphering the record of hyaenic activity in the Early Pleistocene site of Fuente Nueva-3 (Baza Basin, SE Spain)

FN3 is an open air site, dated ~1.4 Ma. Their archaeological levels preserve evidences of human presence, consisting in lithic artefacts and cuts and percussion marks on bones. The lithic remains are associated with abundant macromammals bones with a very wide size range, from proboscideans to small mustelids. Carnivores are represented, mainly, by isolated teeth, bellowing to canids, ursids, felids and hyaenids, and their activity is recorded by the presence of different tooth marks types. However, there exists an important difference in the carnivore record between the levels, consisting in the presence of more than 200 coprolites in the Upper Level, whereas in the Lower Level these elements are practically absent. For the identification of the defecating organism, different analyses have been performed. The morphological study evidences the presence of the seven shape-types of pellets, although the most common morphologies are round, oval and disk. The colour of hyena faeces is also very characteristic, colour analysis of FN3 coprolites shows a predominance of whitish and very pale brown tonalities. To determine the composition, the samples were studied by XRD, XRF and SEM. The results have revealed that the coprolites mostly consist of calcium phosphate. These data are consistent with the expected composition of faeces in an organism that ingests a large amount of bones, in addition, macroscopic observation of the coprolites surface evidence the presence of numerous fragments of digested bones within them. All these features allow us to adscribe the FN3 coprolites to the hyaena Pachycrocuta brevirostris, species of which several teeth have been found at this site.This record manifests a great difference between both archaeological levels, showing in the Upper Level a scenario were hominin and hyaenids coexisted and competed for food resources, whereas in the Lower Level hyaenas were practically absent, and the main modifying agent was early Homo.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech

Primary prevention of cardiovascular disease with a Mediterranean diet

© 2013 Massachusetts Medical Society[Background]: Observational cohort studies and a secondary prevention trial have shown an inverse association between adherence to the Mediterranean diet and cardiovascular risk. We conducted a randomized trial of this diet pattern for the primary prevention of cardiovascular events.[Methods]: In a multicenter trial in Spain, we randomly assigned participants who were at high cardiovascular risk, but with no cardiovascular disease at enrollment, to one of three diets: a Mediterranean diet supplemented with extra-virgin olive oil, a Mediterranean diet supplemented with mixed nuts, or a control diet (advice to reduce dietary fat). Participants received quarterly individual and group educational sessions and, depending on group assignment, free provision of extra-virgin olive oil, mixed nuts, or small nonfood gifts. The primary end point was the rate of major cardiovascular events (myocardial infarction, stroke, or death from cardiovascular causes). On the basis of the results of an interim analysis, the trial was stopped after a median follow-up of 4.8 years.[Results]: A total of 7447 persons were enrolled (age range, 55 to 80 years); 57% were women. The two Mediterranean-diet groups had good adherence to the intervention, according to self-reported intake and biomarker analyses. A primary end-point event occurred in 288 participants. The multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios were 0.70 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.54 to 0.92) and 0.72 (95% CI, 0.54 to 0.96) for the group assigned to a Mediterranean diet with extra-virgin olive oil (96 events) and the group assigned to a Mediterranean diet with nuts (83 events), respectively, versus the control group (109 events). No diet-related adverse effects were reported.[Conclusions]: Among persons at high cardiovascular risk, a Mediterranean diet supplemented with extra-virgin olive oil or nuts reduced the incidence of major cardiovascular events.Supported by the official funding agency for biomedical research of the Spanish government, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), through grants provided to research networks specifically developed for the trial (RTIC G03/140, to Dr. Estruch; RTIC RD 06/0045, to Dr. Martínez-González and through Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición [CIBERobn]), and by grants from Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC 06/2007), Fondo de Investigación Sanitaria–Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (PI04-2239, PI 05/2584, CP06/00100, PI07/0240, PI07/1138, PI07/0954, PI 07/0473, PI10/01407, PI10/02658, PI11/01647, and P11/02505), Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (AGL-2009-13906-C02 and AGL2010-22319-C03), Fundación Mapfre 2010, Consejería de Salud de la Junta de Andalucía (PI0105/2007), Public Health Division of the Department of Health of the Autonomous Government of Catalonia, Generalitat Valenciana (ACOMP06109, GVACOMP2010-181, GVACOMP2011-151, CS2010-AP-111, and CS2011-AP-042), and Regional Government of Navarra (P27/2011)

A metabolomics-driven approach to predict cocoa product consumption by designing a multimetabolite biomarker model in free-living subjects from the PREDIMED study

SCOPE: The aim of the current study was to apply an untargeted metabolomics strategy to characterize a model of cocoa intake biomarkers in a free-living population. METHODS AND RESULTS: An untargeted HPLC-q-ToF-MS based metabolomics approach was applied to human urine from 32 consumers of cocoa or derived products (CC) and 32 matched control subjects with no consumption of cocoa products (NC). The multivariate statistical analysis (OSC-PLS-DA) showed clear differences between CC and NC groups. The discriminant biomarkers identified were mainly related to the metabolic pathways of theobromine and polyphenols, as well as to cocoa processing. Consumption of cocoa products was also associated with reduced urinary excretions of methylglutarylcarnitine, which could be related to effects of cocoa exposure on insulin resistance. To improve the prediction of cocoa consumption, a combined urinary metabolite model was constructed. ROC curves were constructed to evaluate the model and individual metabolites. The AUC values (95% CI) for the model were 95.7% (89.8-100%) and 92.6% (81.9-100%) in training and validation sets, respectively, whereas the AUCs for individual metabolites were <90%. CONCLUSIONS: The metabolic signature of cocoa consumption in free-living subjects reveals that combining different metabolites as biomarker models improves prediction of dietary exposure to cocoa

Dietary Intake, Nutritional Adequacy and Food Sources of Total Fat and Fatty Acids, and Relationships with Personal and Family Factors in Spanish Children Aged One to <10 Years: Results of the EsNuPI Study

We aimed to determine the usual intake of total fat, fatty acids (FAs), and their main food sources in a representative cohort of the Spanish pediatric population aged 1 to <10 years (n = 707) who consumed all types of milk and an age-matched cohort who consumed adapted milk over the last year (including follow-on formula, toddler’s milk, growing-up milk, and fortified and enriched milks) (n = 741) who were participants in the EsNuPI study (in English, Nutritional Study in the Spanish Pediatric Population). Dietary intake, measured through two 24 h dietary recalls, was compared to the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) and the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (UN-FAO) recommendations. Both cohorts showed a high intake of saturated fatty acids (SFAs), according to FAO recommendations, as there are no numerical recommendations for SFAs at EFSA. Also, low intake of essential fatty acids (EFAs; linoleic acid (LA) and -linolenic acid (ALA)) and long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA) of the n-3 series, mainly docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) were observed according to EFSA and FAO recommendations. The three main sources of total fat and di erent FAs were milk and dairy products, oils and fats, and meat and meat products. The consumption of adapted milk was one of the main factors associated with better adherence to the nutritional recommendations of total fat, SFAs, EFAs, PUFAs; and resulted as the main factor associated with better adherence to n-3 fatty acids intake recommendations. Knowledge of the dietary intake and food sources of total fat and FAs in children could help in designing and promoting e ective and practical age-targeted guidelines to promote the consumption of EFA- and n-3 PUFA-rich foods in this stage of life.Instituto Puleva de Nutricion (IPN) - dairy company Lactali