Design, development, and test of a laser velocimeter for a small 8:1 pressure ratio centrifugal compressor

The instrument was designed as a diagnostic tool for the basic fluid dynamics of the inducer, impeller, and diffuser regions of this type compressor. The LV instrumentation was optimized to measure instantaneous velocities up to approximately 500 m/s, measured in absolute coordinates, within the rotating compressor impeller and in the two dimensional radial plane of the diffuser. Some measurements were made within the diffuser and the impeller inlet flows; however, attempts to make detailed measurements of the velocity field were not successful. Difficulties in maintaining high seed particle rates within the probe volume and the improper operation of the blade gating optics may explain the lack of success. Recommendations are made to further pursue these problems. At 100% speed the stage attained a total static pressure ratio of 7.5:1 at 75% total-static efficiency. Flow range from choke-to-surge was 6.8% of choking mass flow rate. Performance was lower than the design intent of 8:1 pressure ratio at 77% efficiency and 12% flow range. Detailed measurements of the stage components are presented which show the reasons for the stage performance deficiencies

Tetraphenylethylene. Infrared and nuclear magnetic resonance evidence on the nature of the dianion

The ir aryl skeletal vibrations (1600-cm-' region) and the nmr spectrum of tetraphenylethylene dianion (TPE2-) have been recorded. Evidence points to the conclusion that the antibonding electrons of the dianion are highly delocalized and that the K-bonding electrons of TPE2- essentially retain their bonding power, requiring the dianion t o assume a nearly planar configuratio

Buttressing a Monarchy: Literary Representations of William III and the Glorious Revolution

This study examines ways in which supporters of William III and his opponents used literature to buttress their respective views of government in the wake of the Glorious Revolution. Understanding the polemical character of this art provides more insight both into the literature of the 1690s and into the modes of political debate in the period. As the English people moved from a primarily hereditary view of monarchy at the beginning of the seventeenth century to a more elective view of government in the eighteenth century, the Glorious Revolution proved to be a watershed event. Those favoring James II relied on patriarchal ideas to characterize the new regime as illegitimate, and supporters of the coregent asserted the priority of English and Biblical law to assert that the former king forfeited his right to rule. Chapter one examines three thinkers – Robert Filmer, John Milton, and John Locke – whose thought provides a context for opinions expressed in the years surrounding William of Orange’s ascension to the English throne. In chapter two, John Dryden’s response to James II’s abdication is explored. As the deposed Poet Laureate and a prominent voice supporting of the Stuart line, Dryden sheds light on ways in which Jacobites resisted the authority of the new regime through his response to the Glorious Revolution. Chapter three addresses the work of Thomas Shadwell, who succeeded Dryden as Laureate, and Matthew Prior, whose poetry Frances Mayhew Rippy characterizes as “unofficial laureate verse.” These poets rely on ideas similar to those expressed by Milton and Locke as they seek to validate the events of 1688-1689. The final chapter explores the appropriation of varied conceptions of government in pamphlets and manuscripts written in favor of James II and William III. Focusing on the polemical character of these works from the late 1680s and the 1690s enhances our understanding of the period’s literature and the prominent interaction of politics and writing

Genetic and Modifiable Risk Factors Contributing to Cisplatin-Induced Toxicities

Effective administration of traditional cytotoxic chemotherapy is often limited by off-target toxicities. This clinical dilemma is epitomized by cisplatin, a platinating agent that has potent antineoplastic activity due to its affinity for DNA and other intracellular nucleophiles. Despite its efficacy against many adult-onset and pediatric malignancies, cisplatin elicits multiple off-target toxicities that can not only severely impact a patient’s quality of life, but also lead to dose reductions or the selection of alternative therapies that can ultimately affect outcomes. Without an effective therapeutic measure by which to successfully mitigate many of these symptoms, there have been attempts to identify a priori those individuals who are more susceptible to developing these sequelae through studies of genetic and nongenetic risk factors. Older age is associated with cisplatin induced ototoxicity, neurotoxicity and nephrotoxicity. Traditional genome-wide association studies have identified single nucleotide polymorphisms in ACYP2 and WFS1 associated with cisplatin-induced hearing loss. However, validating associations between specific genotypes and cisplatin-induced toxicities with enough stringency to warrant clinical application remains challenging. This review summarizes the current state of knowledge with regard to specific adverse sequelae following cisplatin-based therapy with a focus on ototoxicity, neurotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, myelosuppression and nausea/emesis. We discuss variables (genetic and nongenetic) contributing to these detrimental toxicities, and currently available means to prevent or treat their occurrence

The Influence of Representation in Intrastate Grant Disbursement

A common rationale in allocating government grants and aid is income redistribution. Consider receipts by individuals for example. Under a host of programs, economic hardship is a necessary and often sufficient condition for receiving benefits. A second major beneficiary category for federal and state aid is municipalities and localities. There again equity considerations frequently affect grant receipts, although purely demographic factors such as population can also influence the level of assistance. Considered together, one would expect disbursements across these two broad aid categories to be explained by varying economic and demographic factors consistent with the intended equity rationale. Recently, however, economists have begun to question the primacy of the proffered redistributive motive. They suggest instead that political influence vested in committee assignments, chairmanships, and legislative tenure accounts significantly, if not exclusively, for the allocation of federal grants across states. At present, the empirical support for this hypothesis is growing, but neither overwhelming nor without its critics. Perhaps the fairest assessment of the empirical literature on this issue is that it is in its incipiency

How Much Are You Paying To Teach?

Those of us who have the good fortune to be married to a member of the teaching profession share a common bond; the depressing, from the educator\u27s viewpoint, state of teacher salaries is a frequent topic of conversation in our homes. These discussions usually begin with our mate bemoaning the fact that his or her income lags far behind this or that other occupation. We then respond in order to soothe the ego, and perhaps if the discussion occurs at the dinner table, to move the conversation to a more palatable subject that the hours are short, the vacations long, and the nonpecuniary rewards of the profession are without equal. Often as not, if the students have been manageable that day, this answer will suffice. As an economist, married to an educator employed by the Virginia public school system, the proper response to this familiar dissatisfac­tion with salaries is a more vexing problem

Electron paramagnetic resonance study of .pi. system interaction in dithiin derivatives

The anion radical of tetracyanodithiin (I) is shown to be a divalent sulfur system in which d-orbital participation in conjugation is negligible. The g value (2.0024) indicates that spin-orbit coupling is very small, and a molecular =ode1 shows that direct A-A overlap of the ethylene moieties is probable. Other S-containing cation and anion systems are compared, including 2,5-diphenyldithiin (IV) and tetracyanothiophene (VI). Large cation g value deviations and small anion deviations of S heterocycles are contrasted with hydrocarbon

Evaluating Educational Inputs in Undergraduate Education

This paper examines the input-output relationship for private undergraduate education. The motivation for such a study stems from a long-standing concern within academe for a better understanding of the relationships between student quality, faculty effort, campus environment, and the end result of an educated person. Though precise and objective measures of educational output are difficult to formulate, we would argue that alumni achievement is an important and measurable output. Specifically, we focus on the number of baccalaureate alumni who went on to earn a Ph.D. But even with an acceptable output measure, research assessments of the educational process are not dealing with a production function in the classical supply-and-demand sense. For example, the purchaser of the product—the student—is also among the more important factor inputs. The implication is that the educational process is far more complicated than a simple, production-function rendering indicates. Consequently, this study formulates a three-equation simultaneous model of student quality, faculty quality and output. The study\u27s objective is to identify the relative contribution of the many human and nonhuman resources commonly regarded as producing quality undergraduate education