Space, Ritual, Event: Constantine\u27s Jubilee of 326 and its Implications On Urban Space

Architecture has been characterized as the study of space. But this notion presupposes that the edifices created are not irrevocably tied to the activities, the rituals that activate them as part of a greater whole. As a historical example, Constantine\u27s triumph of 312 and the subsequent jubilee celebrations of 326 will be examined in order to illustrate the way in which architecture, literature, and history coincide to further Constantine\u27s imperial legitimacy and usher in a return to solitary rule within the Roman Empire

Investigation of uncharacterized spondylocostal dysostosis using whole exome sequencing

Skeletal dysplasias and dysostoses are a genotypically and phenotypically diverse group of disorders that affect the growth, development and maintenance of cartilage and bone. General disorders of bone affecting bones and cartilage throughout the body have been referred to as skeletal dysplasias, whereas defects that selectively affect certain bones or bone groups are called skeletal dysostoses. Despite this distinction, modern molecular techniques are showing that this division is somewhat superficial, given the similarity in their underlying causes. Although the rate of disease gene discovery has grown substantially since the advent of next-generation sequencing technologies, most of the disorders have unknown molecular defects. Skeletal dysostoses are rarely observed, occurring at such low incidence levels that no comprehensive study has ascertained their frequency. The effects range from mild growth inhibition to complete absence of entire bone groups. The axial skeleton is most often involved in skeletal dysostoses with common symptoms including poorly formed cranial bones, mandible, ribs and vertebrae. Several important signaling pathways control the migration and formation of mesodermal cells, which eventually differentiate into many elements of the vertebral column. The importance of these pathways, namely the T-box transcription factors, Wnt, Notch, and Smad pathways are integrally involved in the very early stages of vertebral development. Currently, the most cost-effective method of pathogenic gene discovery for rare genetic diseases is exome sequencing. Utilizing this technology, as well as SNP arrays for identity-by-descent loci mapping, two independent skeletal dysostosis cases with similar phenotypes were studied to determine pathogenic candidate genes. Next-generation sequencing and identity-by-descent analysis revealed a possible candidate gene, PM20D2, in one proband. The gene includes peptidase dimerization, peptidase M20/M25/M40, and N-myristolylation domains based on predicted functional analysis. It is implicated in various metabolic activities, having hydrolase, protein binding, and metallopeptidase molecular functions. Further investigation into this gene, as well as further studies of these probands is needed to understand the role, if any, the defect plays in the disease

THE PRESENCE OF SEA LICE ON STEELHEAD TROUT AT A MARINE FARM IN NH WATERS AND THE UTILIZATION OF LUMPFISH AS A BIOLOGICAL DELOUSER

Sea lice are copepodid ectoparasites that infect fish, and cost salmonid farmers millions of dollars each year in damaged product and mitigation efforts. Conventional treatments can unintentionally impact the ambient environment and lead to the lice developing resistance to the treatments. In recent years, lumpfish (Cyclopterus lumpus) have been utilized successfully to naturally clean sea lice from infected salmonids in European and Atlantic Canadian farms, however this technology has yet to be used in US farms. In New Hampshire coastal waters, New Hampshire Sea Grant and the University of New Hampshire operate an experimental steelhead trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) farm, AquaFort. To understand seasonal occurrence of lice populations at AquaFort and which lice species are present, steelhead were subsampled weekly for sea lice during farm use throughout 2019-2021. Lice abundance, species present, sex ratio, life stage, and occurrence of gravid females were determined. Lice loads (mean lice per fish) peaked on January 19, 2020, at 3.60 lice per fish, and the dominant species observed was Caligus elongatus (n=930) though some individuals of Caligus curtus were observed (n=9). Female lice made up 74% of the lice population throughout the assessment, and adults made up 87% of all lice observed throughout the assessment. The lice loads of gravid females peaked on February 18, 2021, at 2.20 gravid lice per fish. To understand how lumpfish could mitigate sea lice infestations, small, in situ- experimental cages were stocked with different treatments of steelhead trout (strain), lumpfish (presence, absence), and lumpfish hide designs (kelp, PVC panels). Water temperature, fish survival, lice loads, and lumpfish stomach contents were analyzed throughout two 5-week trials to examine lumpfish impacts on sea lice loads. In both caging trials, hide design affected mean lice loads on trout, with lower lice loads in cages containing kelp hides, and in one trial, lice loads were lower in cages containing lumpfish versus no cleanerfish, however, there was no evidence of sea lice within lumpfish stomachs at the end of each trial. Water temperature and lumpfish size differed between the two trials suggesting that cleanerfish size, hide design, and water temperature are key variables to consider for effective sea lice control. These foundational studies contribute towards developing best practices of lumpfish use for sea lice mitigation on steelhead trout, such as when to implement lumpfish to maximize their welfare and cleaning capabilities. This will ultimately lead towards the goal of increasing the sustainability and production of steelhead trout aquaculture in NH coastal waters

Notice and the Missouri Probate Nonclaim Statutes: The Lingering Effects of Pope

The stem warnings published in Missouri newspapers used to read, All creditors of the decedent are notified to file claims in court within six months from the date of first publication of this notice or be forever barred. \u27 This language reflected section 473.360 of the Revised Statutes of Missouri. However, the decision of the United States Supreme Court in Tulsa Professional Collection Services, Inc. v. .Pope limited the effective operation of this strict statute. This Comment will review the case law addressing notice requirements and nonclaim statutes, discuss Missouri\u27s response to Pope, analyze the issues that are likely to be faced in the future, and, when appropriate, propose some legislative solutions to these problems

Identification of Informative Content Needs supporting Rapid Risk Assessment of Acute Public Health Events (ICN-RRA)

Risk Assessment is considered a key part of the risk management cycle and can be defined as a mental process aiming to establish a level of risk for a population in relation to a specific event, with the purpose of identifying potential response or mitigation actions. The process is usually expressed in terms of probability of occurrence of an event and of consequences for the involved individuals, and is used in several scientific disciplines. In public health, Risk Assessment implies an evaluation of a risk in terms of health for a human population exposed, or potentially exposed, to a threat. In case of outbreaks and other acute public health events, the process is commonly defined within the scientific community as a “Rapid Risk Assessment of Acute Public Health Events” (RRA) and aims to achieve a particularly prompt identification of action able to rapidly limit the spread of the event and the health consequences for the population. The Disaster Risk Management Knowledge Centre (DRMKC) is an initiative of the European Commission launched in 2015 to enhance resilience to disasters at EU level. The activities of the DRMKC support the translation of complex scientific data and analyses into usable information and provide science-based advice for decision making purposes, as well as timely and reliable scientific-based analyses for emergency preparedness and coordinated response activities. The overall scope of the DRMKC is to bring together existing initiatives in which science and innovative practices contribute to the management of natural disaster risks. Among other objectives, the DRMKC is required to support EU member states in improving their capacities to reduce risk across multiple hazards and sectors, including global health threats. For this reason, in terms of acute public health events, the DRMKC is currently trying to identify the information useful to support the RRA related to biological hazards (epidemics). The ultimate aim is to create a web-based informative repository openly consultable by member state authorities and other health professionals both in the EU and further afield. This platform aims to includes validated multidisciplinary information and an exhaustive list of additional credible informative online sources able to support RRA activities.JRC.E.1-Disaster Risk Managemen

A Historical Overview of Art and Music-Based Activities in Social Work with Groups: Nondeliberative Practice and Engaging Young People’s Strengths

This article provides a historical overview of the use of art and music-based activities in social work with groups. The authors review archival, empirical, and theoretical literature that explores the use and effectiveness of these activities in the recreation movement and group work practice from the late 19th to mid-20th centuries, the Hull House settlement in Chicago from the late 19th to mid-20th centuries, and in recent group practice in social work and related fields. Findings suggest that art and music-based activities encourage and facilitate nondeliberative practice and allow for important opportunities to engage young people’s strengths

Having your day in court:judicial opportunity and tactical choice in Anti-GMO campaigns in France and the United Kingdom

Investigating the recent direct action campaigns against genetically modified crops in France and the United Kingdom, the authors set out to understand how contrasting judicial systems and cultures affect the way that activists choose to commit ostensibly illegal actions and how they negotiate the trade-offs between effectiveness and public accountability. The authors find evidence that prosecution outcomes across different judicial systems are consistent and relatively predictable and consequently argue that the concept of a “judicial opportunity structure” is useful for developing scholars’ understanding of social movement trajectories. The authors also find that these differential judicial opportunities cannot adequately account for the tactical choices made by activists with respect to the staging of covert or overt direct action; rather, explanations of tactical choice are better accounted for by movement ideas, cultures, and traditions

Tactics, traditions, and opportunities:British and French crop-trashing actions in comparative perspective

This article compares the tactic of trashing genetically modified crops in activist campaigns in Britain and France. In Britain, most crop trashing was carried out covertly, while in France most activists undertook open, public actions. In seeking an explanation for this, the article shows that the analysis of political opportunities, dominant in comparative studies of social movements, can only take us so far. While it helps explain the occurrence of direct action, it is much less useful in explaining the tactical differences between each country. It is argued that a fuller explanation requires an understanding of how action was shaped by different activist traditions. In France, action was staged as a demonstration of serious, responsible, collective Republican citizenship; in the United Kingdom, activists combined a sceptical view of legality developing from anarchist individualism with an explicitly non-threatening, playful, ethos. The article concludes that a focus on activist traditions can provide an effective bridge between structural and cultural approaches to understanding the determinants of social movement action

The U.S. household furniture industry: Adapting to changing times.

The U.S. wood household furniture industry has adapted to change in many ways in recent years. The industry has grown steadily since the 1982 recession, and has been shifting to the U.S . South and Southeast. Although California has also become prominent in furniture production, many recent factors indicate geographic shifts away from the state, particularly in wood furniture production. The household furniture industry has also adapted and continues to adapt to factors which have increased the globalization of trade in all products. Foreign competition has resulted in mergers and consolidation in the U.S. household furniture industry, and has also forced production to become more oriented toward non ready-to-assemble and upholstered furniture

A New Climate Movement?:Extinction Rebellion’s Activists in Profile

Extinction Rebellion set out to mobilise a new generation of activists. As our data shows, they have in part succeeded: participants in Extinction Rebellion's two major actions in London in 2019 had notably little prior experience of protest action, and we encountered many first-time activists. At the same time, however, our socio-demographic profile of XR's activists in the UK reveals a broadly familiar kind of environmentalist: XR's activists are typically highly-educated and middle-class (and though our survey did not explicitly ask this, white); they identify politically on the Left; and they consciously adopt multiple pro-environmental behaviours in the course of their everyday lives. XR's strength has been to create a new public agency amongst people who are not 'natural' protesters, and perhaps even less so natural law-breakers, but who were already persuaded of the rightness of the climate cause, and frustrated with the inability of both 'politics as usual' and lifestyle environmentalism to bring about the kind of transformative political change that the climate emergency demands. Mobilising this group enabled XR to significantly expand the numbers of people willing to engage in environmental direct action, broadening its age profile, and bringing non-violent direct action on climate change into the centre of political life in the UK