La formación del maestro de educación física en el Uruguay (1921-1929)

Este trabajo forma parte de un conjunto de indagaciones más amplias sobre las discursividades de la formación en las diversas modalidades que adquirió la preparación de docentes de educación física en Uruguay entre fines del siglo XIX y la primera mitad del siglo XX. Aquí se analiza en forma específica las desarrolladas en algunos textos de Julio J. Rodríguez, Director Técnico de la Comisión Nacional de Educación Física (CNEF) desde 1920 a 1960. Se describen las tensiones y acoplamientos entre las discursividades normalista, tecnicista y profesionalist

Leucomelanoderma in Blacks

A recent epidemic of leucomelanoderma in Blacks is described. A total of 347 patients was seen in two hospitals during the survey period. The ratio of females to males was 7:1. A striking pattern af patchy depigmentation and mottled hypermelanosis occurred predominantly on the face and neck, but sometimes extended to other areas. Most but not all cases later showed repigmentation. The cause of the dyschromia appeared to be monobenzone, a bleaching agent recently included in certain overnight creams packed in wide-mouthed jars.S. Afr. Med. J., 48, 1555 (1974

Educación del cuerpo y educación física en la creación de la CNEF en el Uruguay

El artículo aborda desde un enfoque foucaultiano la discusión parlamentaria que antecede a la creación de la CNEF (Comisión Nacional de Educación Física) en el Uruguay. Se analizan las principales concepciones de cuerpo y educación física de los políticos que intervinieron en forma específica en este proceso. De sus diferentes argumentos se desprende que las principales razones que impulsaron la democratización de la "cultura física" en el país estaban centradas en el gobierno de las poblaciones: la educación física fue un arma imprescindible en la prolongación de la vid

Ejercicio físico y gimnasia femeninos en Uruguay: cuerpos, género y sexualidades en la formación del magisterio de educación física en los 1950s

In the 1950s, Uruguay had outstanding international recognition at an educational and cultural level and was called “the Switzerland of the Americas”. In this context, the Third Pan-American Congress of Physical Education was held in Montevideo. This article analyses three conferences on women's gymnastics presented at the Congress by prominent Uruguayans. Their writing reveals mainstream understandings of the female sex and the effects generated by physical exercises and various forms of moving over female bodies. Although these sources do not explicitly approach LGBTQ+ people, they condemn (either directly or indirectly) forms of being feminine and masculine that were linked to homosexuality. This paper studies the most recommended bodily practices, adaptations and prohibitions prescribed for women in the mid-twentieth century. These texts were not only published by the National Commission of Physical Education (CNEF), which regulated physical education and sport at the national level; they were also integrated into the curriculum for training physical education teachers in Uruguay during that decade. This study is framed by theoretical references of sex deconstruction, Judith Butler's critique of sex-gender binarism, and Michel Foucault's sexuality device. Finally, it shows how medical knowledge crossed the discourse of sexuality in the field of physical education and supported the justification of the prescriptions of exercises and movements. These recommendations and prohibitions for women were based on the heteronormative sexual matrix, invalidating the existence of LGBTQ+ identities in the realm of physical education and sportEn la década del cincuenta Uruguay tenía un reconocimiento internacional destacado a nivel educativo y cultural, denominado la “Suiza de América”, en este contexto tuvo sede en Montevideo el Tercer Congreso Panamericano de Educación Física al que acudieron figuras relevantes a nivel internacional. El presente artículo analiza fundamentalmente tres conferencias relativas a la gimnasia femenina presentadas en el congreso por uruguayos que tuvieron un rol destacado a nivel nacional e internacional. Se entiende que estos textos muestran los principales sentidos en torno al sexo femenino y sus efectos en los cuerpos y modos de moverse y realizar ejercicios físicos. Se indaga sobre las prácticas corporales más recomendadas y las adaptaciones y prohibiciones que se prescribían para las mujeres en ese contexto. Si bien estas fuentes no abordan explícitamente la visión de LGBTQ+ people, directa e indirectamente condenan formas de ser femenino y masculino ligadas a la homosexualidad (lesbianas y gays). Estos textos además de ser publicados por la Comisión Nacional de Educación Física (CNEF) que regulaba la educación física y el deporte a nivel nacional, formaron parte del currículum de la formación de las y los profesores de educación física en el Uruguay en esa década. Para este estudio se parte de los referenciales teóricos de la deconstrucción del sexo, y la crítica al binarismo sexo-género de Judth Butler y del dispositivo de la sexualidad de Michel Foucault. Se muestra como el saber médico atravesó al discurso de la sexualidad en el campo de la educación física y estaba en la base de la justificación de las prescripciones de ejercicios y movimientos recomendados y prohibidos para las mujeres a partir de la matriz sexual heteronormativa, no habilitando la existencia de otras identidades LGBTQ+

Leucomelanoderma in blacks

A recent epidemic of leucomelanoderma in Blacks is described. A total of 347 patients was seen in two hospitals during the survey period. The ratio of females to males was 7:1. A striking pattern af patchy depigmentation and mottled hypermelanosis occurred predominantly on the face and neck, but sometimes extended to other areas. Most but not all cases later showed repigmentation. The cause of the dyschromia appeared to be monobenzone, a bleaching agent recently included in certain overnight creams packed in wide-mouthed jars.S. Afr. Med. J., 48, 1555 (1974)

Atmospheric correction of satellite optical imagery over the río de la plata highly turbid waters using a SWIR-based principal component decomposition technique

Estimating water reflectance accurately from satellite optical data requires implementing an accurate atmospheric correction (AC) scheme, a particularly challenging task over optically complex water bodies, where the signal that comes from the water prevents using the near-infrared (NIR) bands to separate the perturbing atmospheric signal. In the present work, we propose a new AC scheme specially designed for the Río de la Plata—a funnel-shaped estuary in the Argentine– Uruguayan border—highly scattering turbid waters. This new AC scheme uses far shortwave infrared (SWIR) bands but unlike previous algorithms relates the atmospheric signal in the SWIR to the signal in the near-infrared (NIR) and visible (VIS) bands based on the decomposition into principal components of the atmospheric signal. We describe the theoretical basis of the algorithm, analyze the spectral features of the simulated principal components, theoretically address the impact of noise on the results, and perform match-ups exercises using in situ measurements and Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MODIS) and Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) imagery over the region. Plausible water reflectance retrievals were obtained in the NIR and VIS bands from both simulations and match-ups using field data—with better performance (i.e., lowest errors and offsets, and slopes closest to 1) compared to existing AC schemes implemented in the NASA Data Analysis Software (SeaDAS). Moreover, retrievals over images in the VIS and NIR bands showed low noise, and the correlation was low between aerosol and water reflectance spatial fields.Fil: Gossn, Juan Ignacio. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Astronomía y Física del Espacio. - Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Astronomía y Física del Espacio; ArgentinaFil: Frouin, Robert. University of California at San Diego. Scripps Institution of Oceanography; Estados UnidosFil: Dogliotti, Ana Inés. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Astronomía y Física del Espacio. - Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Astronomía y Física del Espacio; Argentin

Human base excision repair complex is physically associated to DNA replication and cell cycle regulatory proteins

It has been hypothesized that a replication associated repair pathway operates on base damage and single strand breaks (SSB) at replication forks. In this study, we present the isolation from the nuclei of human cycling cells of a multiprotein complex containing most of the essential components of base excision repair (BER)/SSBR, including APE1, UNG2, XRCC1 and POLβ, DNA PK, replicative POLα, δ and ɛ, DNA ligase 1 and cell cycle regulatory protein cyclin A. Co-immunoprecipitation revealed that in this complex DNA repair proteins are physically associated to cyclin A and to DNA replication proteins including MCM7. This complex is endowed with DNA polymerase and protein kinase activity and is able to perform BER of uracil and AP sites. This finding suggests that a preassembled DNA repair machinery is constitutively active in cycling cells and is ready to be recruited at base damage and breaks occurring at replication forks

Base excision repair intermediates are mutagenic in mammalian cells

Base excision repair (BER) is the main pathway for repair of DNA damage in mammalian cells. This pathway leads to the formation of DNA repair intermediates which, if still unsolved, cause cell lethality and mutagenesis. To characterize mutations induced by BER intermediates in mammalian cells, an SV-40 derived shuttle vector was constructed carrying a site-specific lesion within the recognition sequence of a restriction endonuclease. The mutation spectra of abasic (AP) sites, 5′-deoxyribose-5-phosphate (5′dRp) and 3′-[2,3-didehydro-2,3-dideoxy-ribose] (3′ddR5p) single-strand breaks (ssb) in mammalian cells was analysed by RFLP/PCR and mutation frequency was estimated by quantitative PCR. Point mutations were the predominant events occurring at all BER intermediates. The AP site-induced mutation spectrum supports evidence for the ‘A-rule’ and is also consistent with the use of the 5′ neighbouring base to instruct nucleotide incorporation (5′-rule). Preferential adenine insertion was also observed after in vivo replication of 5′dRp or 3′ddR5p ssb. We provide original evidence that not only the abasic site but also its derivatives ‘faceless’ BER intermediates are mutagenic, with a similar mutation frequency, in mammalian cells. Our findings support the hypothesis that unattended BER intermediates could be a constant threat for genome integrity as well as a spontaneous source of mutations