A study of fifty epileptic children.

This study has been fostered by developments in three fields of endeavor, each of which has contributed directly to the writer\u27s approach to the subject and the conclusions which will be made. First is the trend in medical care toward the recognition\u27of the fact that particular illnesses imply particular problems and necessitate specific forms of medical and social treatment with these ideas in mind and to provide the recommended treatment specialized programs have been developed and purposive organizations founded. Also, during the past ten years medical research has provided a much better understanding of epilepsy, its implications, and methods of treatment, both of the manifestations of the illness and the person having it. At the same time educators were attempting a constructive approach to the school problems of the epileptic child. The results of some of the thinking and planning for the education of such children were presented in various studies which were important in implementing an awareness of medical-social needs which were not being adequately met

Prioritizing persons deprived of liberty in global guidelines for tuberculosis preventive treatment

In this Policy Forum piece, Aditya Narayan and colleagues discuss the challenges and opportunities for tuberculosis preventive treatment in carceral settings

Dedifferentiation of Human Primary Thyrocytes into Multilineage Progenitor Cells without Gene Introduction

While identification and isolation of adult stem cells have potentially important implications, recent reports regarding dedifferentiation/reprogramming from differentiated cells have provided another clue to gain insight into source of tissue stem/progenitor cells. In this study, we developed a novel culture system to obtain dedifferentiated progenitor cells from normal human thyroid tissues. After enzymatic digestion, primary thyrocytes, expressing thyroglobulin, vimentin and cytokeratin-18, were cultured in a serum-free medium called SAGM. Although the vast majority of cells died, a small proportion (∼0.5%) survived and proliferated. During initial cell expansion, thyroglobulin/cytokeratin-18 expression was gradually declined in the proliferating cells. Moreover, sorted cells expressing thyroid peroxidase gave rise to proliferating clones in SAGM. These data suggest that those cells are derived from thyroid follicular cells or at least thyroid-committed cells. The SAGM-grown cells did not express any thyroid-specific genes. However, after four-week incubation with FBS and TSH, cytokeratin-18, thyroglobulin, TSH receptor, PAX8 and TTF1 expressions re-emerged. Moreover, surprisingly, the cells were capable of differentiating into neuronal or adipogenic lineage depending on differentiating conditions. In summary, we have developed a novel system to generate multilineage progenitor cells from normal human thyroid tissues. This seems to be achieved by dedifferentiation of thyroid follicular cells. The presently described culture system may be useful for regenerative medicine, but the primary importance will be as a tool to elucidate the mechanisms of thyroid diseases

Multi-center real-world comparison of the fully automated Idylla (TM) microsatellite instability assay with routine molecular methods and immunohistochemistry on formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue of colorectal cancer

Microsatellite instability (MSI) is present in 15-20% of primary colorectal cancers. MSI status is assessed to detect Lynch syndrome, guide adjuvant chemotherapy, determine prognosis, and use as a companion test for checkpoint blockade inhibitors. Traditionally, MSI status is determined by immunohistochemistry or molecular methods. The Idylla (TM) MSI Assay is a fully automated molecular method (including automated result interpretation), using seven novel MSI biomarkers (ACVR2A, BTBD7, DIDO1, MRE11, RYR3, SEC31A, SULF2) and not requiring matched normal tissue. In this real-world global study, 44 clinical centers performed Idylla (TM) testing on a total of 1301 archived colorectal cancer formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue sections and compared Idylla (TM) results against available results from routine diagnostic testing in those sites. MSI mutations detected with the Idylla (TM) MSI Assay were equally distributed over the seven biomarkers, and 84.48% of the MSI-high samples had >= 5 mutated biomarkers, while 98.25% of the microsatellite-stable samples had zero mutated biomarkers. The concordance level between the Idylla (TM) MSI Assay and immunohistochemistry was 96.39% (988/1025); 17/37 discordant samples were found to be concordant when a third method was used. Compared with routine molecular methods, the concordance level was 98.01% (789/805); third-method analysis found concordance for 8/16 discordant samples. The failure rate of the Idylla (TM) MSI Assay (0.23%; 3/1301) was lower than that of referenced immunohistochemistry (4.37%; 47/1075) or molecular assays (0.86%; 7/812). In conclusion, lower failure rates and high concordance levels were found between the Idylla (TM) MSI Assay and routine tests.Peer reviewe

Prioritizing persons deprived of liberty in global guidelines for tuberculosis preventive treatment

Persons deprived of liberty (PDLs) are disproportionately impacted by tuberculosis, with high incidence rates and often limited access to diagnostics, treatment, and preventive measures. The World Health Organization (WHO) expanded its recommendations for tuberculosis preventive treatment (TPT) to many high-risk populations, but their guidance does not include PDL, and most low- and middle-income countries do not routinely provide edforthoseusedthroughoutthetext TPT in prisons. :Pleaseverifythatallentriesarecorrectlyabbreviated: Recent studies demonstrate high acceptability and completion rates of short-course TPT regimens in jails and prisons; costs of these regimens have been markedly reduced through international agreements, making this an opportune for further expanding their use. We argue that PDL should be a priority group for TPT in national guidelines and discuss implementation considerations and resource needs for TPT programs in carceral facilities. Scaling access to TPT for PDL is important for reducing disease and transmission in this population; it is also critical to advancing an equitable response to tuberculosis

Strahlentherapie der Zervix- und Korpuskarzinome im Senium

Problem: Die Durchführbarkeit der Radiotherapie bei älteren Patientinnen wird kontrovers diskutiert. Daher werden Ergebnisse und Nebenwirkungen der Strahlentherapie beim Zervix- und Korpuskarzinom an 158 über 70-jährigen Patientinnen untersucht. Methode: 112 der Patientinnen litten an einem Korpus, 46 an einem Zervixkarzinom. Als Vergleichsgruppe diente ein bestrahltes Kollektiv von 190 Frauen unter 70 Jahren. Die retrospektive Datenerhebung wurde durch Fragebögen an behandelnde Ärzte ergänzt. Verglichen wurden die Lokalrezidivrate und die Nebenwirkungsrate. Ergebnis: Die kumulierten Überlebensraten betrugen: 1 Jahr 95,3%, 2 und 5 Jahre 89,4%, die rezidivfreien Überlebensraten lagen bei 93,9%, 84,9% bzw. 76,4%. Die Anzahl der Lokalrezidive und die Inzidenz von Nebenwirkungen waren in beiden Altersgruppen vergleichbar. Diskussion: Der Verzicht auf eine Radiotherapie der o. g. Tumoren kann bei Frauen über 70 nicht automatisch mit dem Alter begründet werden