Features of the financial market participants strategy

У статті досліджено зміст стратегії, підходи до її вивчення, складові елементи, засади для розбудови. Розглянуто значення стратегії щодо учасників фінансового ринку, особливості стратегії у досягненні цілей та роль стратегії у їх діяльності. Досліджено напрямки стратегії учасників фінансового ринку.В статье исследовано содержание стратегии, подходы к ее изучению, составные элементы, принципы для развития. Рассмотрены значение стратегии в отношении участников финансового рынка, особенности стратегии в достижении целей и роль стратегии в их деятельности. Исследованы направления стратегии участников финансового рынка.The article examines the content of the strategy, approaches to its study, the components, the foundations for the development. The importance of the strategy for participants in the financial market, the peculiarities of the strategy in achieving the goals and the role of the strategy in their activity are considered. The directions of the strategy of participants in the financial market are explored

The Roots of “Penal Populism”: the Role of Media and Politics

Penal populism is often labeled as a process whereby politicians devise punitive penal policies, which are adjudged to be “popular” within the general public, and are designed to mobilize votes rather than improve the crime and justice situation. A “tough on crime” policy stance is usually most manifest during election campaigns. [...]  

Academic Writing for Publication Purposes and Machine Translation: Is the Symbiosis Possible?

The abstracts in Russian and in English are written according to certain rules. For articles written in Russian, an abstract in English is the only means of informing the world scientific community about the authors’ research results. However, the quality of abstracts written in Russian and then translated into English does not always meet the criteria for readability and comply with the accepted academic and publication conventions. This situation might result from the intensive usage of machine translation (MT) systems by authors who do not take into account the guidelines for the input text quality and the limitations inherent in MT systems. The author analyzed the requirements for the input texts and some typical errors in the target ones. The article describes the stages of training masters, postgraduate students and university staff in the effective use of MT systems. The training is based on a bilingual approach, which implies a constant comparison of vocabulary, grammar and style in the native and English languages. The author comes to the conclusion that the effective use of MT systems for writing an abstract in English is possible if the authors have the command of Russian and English at the level sufficient for a concise and unambiguous expression of their thoughts and ideas. Self-censoring is a prerequisite for creating a text that is “understandable” for MT systems. Students must follow simple rules: write sentences of 15-20 words; express one thought per one sentence; use more active verbs; choose nouns that express a specific concept; exclude unnecessary words. At the post-editing stage, learners can use the tools available on the Internet, which allow not only editing the target text, but also will enable learners to acquire independent editing skills

RNase footprinting demonstrates antigenomic hepatitis delta virus ribozyme structural rearrangement as a result of self-cleavage reaction

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Hepatitis delta virus (HDV) is a satellite virus of hepatitis B. During viral replication the 1700-nucleotide-long genomic RNA and its complement, the antigenomic RNA, undergo self-cleavage catalyzed by internal ribozyme motifs that are essential for propagation of the virus <it>in vivo</it>. These self-cleavage activities are provided by 85-nucleotide-long sequence elements, the genomic and antigenomic forms of HDV ribozyme. Recently four permuted variants of the antigenomic HDV <it>cis</it>-ribozyme with a self-cleavage site located at the 5' proximity, in the middle, or nearby the 3' end of the molecule were constructed and synthesized. These constructs exhibit equal activity, a bi-phasic kinetics of self-cleavage reaction and reaction products with low and high stability. We have used ribonuclease probing to footprint the structures of uncleaved and post-cleaved forms of the antigenomic HDV ribozymes in solution. Uncleaved ribozymes, associated and individual products of the self-cleavage reaction were analyzed using ribonuclease and Fe(II)-EDTA protection assays to reveal the differences in the structure of pre- and post-cleaved antigenomic HDV ribozyme in solution.</p> <p>Findings</p> <p>Our findings demonstrate that a significant conformational change accompanies catalysis in the antigenomic HDV ribozyme in solution, in contrast to minor conformational switch observed in crystals of the genomic form. This study indicates that changes in the structure of stem P1 and stem P4 are minor, those of the region ascribed to stem P2, stem P3 and loop l3 are dramatic, while stem P1.1 results from the self-cleavage reaction.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Our data agree with the structure of post-cleaved and disagree with that of pre-cleaved forms of HDV ribozyme published elsewhere.</p

Bright X-ray pulsars as sources of MeV neutrinos in the sky

High mass accretion rate onto strongly magnetised neutron stars results in the appearance of accretion columns supported by the radiation pressure and confined by the strong magnetic field of a star. At mass accretion rates above $\sim 10^{19}\,{\rm g\,s^{-1}}$, accretion columns are expected to be advective. Under such conditions, a noticeable part of the total energy release can be carried away by neutrinos of a MeV energy range. Relying on a simple model of the neutrino luminosity of accreting strongly magnetised neutron stars, we estimate the neutrino energy fluxes expected from six ULX pulsars known up to date and three brightest Be X-ray transits hosting magnetised neutron stars. Despite the large neutrino luminosity expected in ULX pulsars, the neutrino energy flux from the Be X-ray transients of our Galaxy, SMC and LMC is dominant. However, the neutrino flux from the brightest X-ray transients is estimated to be below the isotropic background by two orders of magnitude at least, which makes impossible direct registration of neutrino emission from accreting strongly magnetised neutron stars nowadays.Comment: 7 pages, 6 figures, submitted to MNRA

Hetaerism Phenomenon in the Late Antiquity

В статье рассматривается эволюционная трансформация позднеантичных традиций на новый средневековый лад. Данный процесс прослеживается наиболее явно в гендерных отношениях, отражающих менталитет и мировосприятие социума. В гендерной ситуации Византийской империи мы наблюдаем преемственность, которая демонстрирует органичное взаимопереплетение античного оргиастического и христианского аскетического с постепенным вытеснением первого последним.The paper considers the evolutionary transformation of the Late Antique traditions into a new medieval way. This process can be traced most clearly in gender relations, reflecting the mentality and worldview of society. In the gender situation of the Byzantine Empire, we observe a continuity that demonstrates the organic interweaving of the ancient orgiastic and Christian ascetic with the gradual crowding out of the former by the latter

Mapping of multiple muscles with transcranial magnetic stimulation: Absolute and relative test-retest reliability

The spatial accuracy of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) may be as small as a few millimeters. Despite such great potential, navigated TMS (nTMS) mapping is still underused for the assessment of motor plasticity, particularly in clinical settings. Here, we investigate the within‐limb somatotopy gradient as well as absolute and relative reliability of three hand muscle cortical representations (MCRs) using a comprehensive grid‐based sulcus‐informed nTMS motor mapping. We enrolled 22 young healthy male volunteers. Two nTMS mapping sessions were separated by 5–10 days. Motor evoked potentials were obtained from abductor pollicis brevis (APB), abductor digiti minimi, and extensor digitorum communis. In addition to individual MRI‐based analysis, we studied normalized MNI MCRs. For the reliability assessment, we calculated intraclass correlation and the smallest detectable change. Our results revealed a somatotopy gradient reflected by APB MCR having the most lateral location. Reliability analysis showed that the commonly used metrics of MCRs, such as areas, volumes, centers of gravity (COGs), and hotspots had a high relative and low absolute reliability for all three muscles. For within‐limb TMS somatotopy, the most common metrics such as the shifts between MCR COGs and hotspots had poor relative reliability. However, overlaps between different muscle MCRs were highly reliable. We, thus, provide novel evidence that inter‐muscle MCR interaction can be reliably traced using MCR overlaps while shifts between the COGs and hotspots of different MCRs are not suitable for this purpose. Our results have implications for the interpretation of nTMS motor mapping results in healthy subjects and patients with neurological conditions