The Shadows of a Cycle Cannot All Be Paths

A "shadow" of a subset $S$ of Euclidean space is an orthogonal projection of $S$ into one of the coordinate hyperplanes. In this paper we show that it is not possible for all three shadows of a cycle (i.e., a simple closed curve) in $\mathbb R^3$ to be paths (i.e., simple open curves). We also show two contrasting results: the three shadows of a path in $\mathbb R^3$ can all be cycles (although not all convex) and, for every $d\geq 1$, there exists a $d$-sphere embedded in $\mathbb R^{d+2}$ whose $d+2$ shadows have no holes (i.e., they deformation-retract onto a point).Comment: 6 pages, 10 figure

Spatial Analysis of Yield Monitor Data: Case Studies of On-farm Trials and Farm Management Decision-making

A 3-year case study was undertaken of how North American farmers use yield monitors for on-farm trials in farm management decision making. Case study methods were used because relatively few farmers quantitatively analyze yield monitor data. At this early research stage, insufficient farm management information about the data was available to ask the right questions in a large-scale survey. In addition to the formal case study of farmers experienced at using yield monitors to collect on-farm trial data, the study evaluated the effect of yield monitor data quality on farm decisions. Two levels of yield data quality included standard output where the default settings of farm-level mapping software were accepted and where filtering of the data was undertaken. Results indicated that yield data quality affects farm management decisions. In addition, farmers receiving a spatial analysis of their on-farm trial data tended to use split-field designs instead of replicated split-planter designs. They were also more confident in their decisions than before participation in the spatial analysis project, and made decisions more quickly. © 2008 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC

Mobilidade de pessoas com deficiência física no Brasil

The aim was to identify the relevant interventions to help in coping with physical disability. This is a narrative literature review. The search for data collection was performed in Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature, Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO) and Academic Google. Altogether, a total of 400 articles were found, when the inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied, 361 articles were excluded and only 39 were selected for this research. As a result, it is argued that many people with physical disabilities improve their quality of life and well-being through the practice of sports activities. Thus, in this modality, they enjoy positive effects for their health by regularly practicing this activity, relying on Assistive Technologies for this purpose, whether the practice is competitive or not, as the person wishes. In conclusion, this study showed that only a small number of publications dealt with the issues of psychological adaptation and coping with patients with physical disabilities, requiring further studies in the literature focusing on interventions in rehabilitation issues for patients with sequelae or disabilities.Objetivou-se identificar as intervenções pertinentes para auxiliar no enfrentamento da deficiência física. Trata-se de uma revisão narrativa de literatura. A busca para a coleta de dados foi feita na Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde, Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO) e Google Acadêmico. Ao todo, foram encontrados um total de 400 artigos, ao serem aplicados os critérios de inclusão e exclusão, 361 artigos foram excluídos e apenas 39 foram selecionados para esta pesquisa. Como resultado, discute-se que muitas pessoas, com deficiência física, melhoram sua qualidade de vida e seu bem-estar por meio da prática de atividades esportivas. Assim, nesta modalidade, eles usufruem de efeitos positivos para sua saúde pela prática regular desta atividade, contando com Tecnologias Assistivas para esta finalidade, sendo a prática competitiva ou não, conforme a pessoa desejar. Por conclusão, este estudo mostrou que apenas um pequeno número de publicações tratava das questões da adaptação psicológica e do enfrentamento do paciente com deficiência física, sendo necessários mais estudos na literatura com foco em intervenções nas questões de reabilitação ao paciente portador de sequelas ou deficiência

Mobilidade de pessoas com deficiência física no Brasil

The aim was to identify the relevant interventions to help in coping with physical disability. This is a narrative literature review. The search for data collection was performed in Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature, Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO) and Academic Google. Altogether, a total of 400 articles were found, when the inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied, 361 articles were excluded and only 39 were selected for this research. As a result, it is argued that many people with physical disabilities improve their quality of life and well-being through the practice of sports activities. Thus, in this modality, they enjoy positive effects for their health by regularly practicing this activity, relying on Assistive Technologies for this purpose, whether the practice is competitive or not, as the person wishes. In conclusion, this study showed that only a small number of publications dealt with the issues of psychological adaptation and coping with patients with physical disabilities, requiring further studies in the literature focusing on interventions in rehabilitation issues for patients with sequelae or disabilities.Objetivou-se identificar as intervenções pertinentes para auxiliar no enfrentamento da deficiência física. Trata-se de uma revisão narrativa de literatura. A busca para a coleta de dados foi feita na Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde, Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO) e Google Acadêmico. Ao todo, foram encontrados um total de 400 artigos, ao serem aplicados os critérios de inclusão e exclusão, 361 artigos foram excluídos e apenas 39 foram selecionados para esta pesquisa. Como resultado, discute-se que muitas pessoas, com deficiência física, melhoram sua qualidade de vida e seu bem-estar por meio da prática de atividades esportivas. Assim, nesta modalidade, eles usufruem de efeitos positivos para sua saúde pela prática regular desta atividade, contando com Tecnologias Assistivas para esta finalidade, sendo a prática competitiva ou não, conforme a pessoa desejar. Por conclusão, este estudo mostrou que apenas um pequeno número de publicações tratava das questões da adaptação psicológica e do enfrentamento do paciente com deficiência física, sendo necessários mais estudos na literatura com foco em intervenções nas questões de reabilitação ao paciente portador de sequelas ou deficiência

Terapia de ultrassom e estimulaçao elétrica transcutânea neuromuscular para a tratamento do linfedema de membro superior pós-mastectomia

Objective: This article aims to assess the effect of transcutaneous electrical stimulation or ultrasound therapy in the treatment of post-mastectomy upper limb lymphedema. Method: A systematic literature review was performed from 1980 to 2012 from the MedLine, Cochrane Library, LILACS and SciELO databases. The terms used in the search were (breast neoplasm OR breast cancer OR lymphedema) and (hyperthermia, induced OR diathermy OR ultrasonic therapy OR ultrasound OR transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation OR TENS). The selections of the studies concerned female patients with post-mastectomy upper limb lymphedema who underwent diathermy by ultrasound therapy and transcutaneous electric nerve stimulation. Only randomized (RCT) and quasi-randomized study designs were included (both Narrow and Broad Therapy). Only studies published in the full paper format were included. After reviewing the 2,158 abstracts resulting from the search, only two papers were selected. Two researchers analyzed the two articles, using the Van Tulder and JADAD scales for quality assessment. Results: Both papers evaluated the use of ultrasound therapy and electric stimulation for treatment of post-mastectomy lymphedema. A total of 132 subjects were included in these two studies, and little improvement was observed in pain reduction or quality of life. Only the study using ultrasound therapy identified a small reduction in lymphedema symptoms; however, evidence supporting the application of this method is lacking. Conclusion: Further studies are needed to evaluate the use of ultrasound therapy or electrotherapy for treatment of post-mastectomy lymphedema and to evaluate the potential effect of these therapies on later development of metastatic disease.Objetivo: Avaliar o efeito da estimulaçao elétrica transcutânea ou terapia de ultra-som no tratamento de pós-mastectomia linfedema do membro superior. Método: revisao sistemática da literatura foi realizada 1980-2012 do MedLine, Cochrane Library, LILACS e SciELO. Os termos utilizados na pesquisa foram (neoplasia de mama ou câncer de mama ou de linfedema) e (hipertermia, induzido ou diatermia ou terapia de ultra-som ou ultra-som ou a estimulaçao elétrica nervosa transcutânea ou dezenas). As seleçoes dos estudos eram de pacientes mulheres com linfedema pós-mastectomia membro superior que foram submetidos a diatermia por terapia de ultra-som e estimulaçao elétrica nervosa transcutânea. Só randomizado (RCT) e projetos quase randomizados do estudo foram incluídos (ambos estreita e Broad Therapy). Somente estudos publicados no formato de artigo completo foram incluídos. Depois de analisar os 2.158 resumos resultantes da pesquisa, foram selecionados apenas dois artigos. Dois pesquisadores analisaram os dois artigos, usando o Van Tulder e JADAD escalas para avaliaçao da qualidade. Resultados: Ambos os trabalhos avaliaram o uso da terapia de ultra-som e estimulaçao elétrica para o tratamento do linfedema pós-mastectomia. Um total de 132 indivíduos foram incluídos em ambos os estudos, e pouca melhora foi observada em reduçao ou a qualidade de vida da dor. Somente o estudo usando a terapia de ultra-som identificada uma pequena reduçao nos sintomas de linfedema. No entanto evidências que suportam a aplicaçao deste método está faltando. Conclusao: Mais estudos sao necessários para avaliar o uso da terapia de ultra-som ou eletroterapia para o tratamento de linfedema pós-mastectomia e para avaliar o efeito potencial dessas terapias no desenvolvimento posterior da doença metastática

The nurse: relationship between leadership style, values and Quality of Work Life

Objective: To analyse the relationship between leadership styles, personal values of nursing leaders and the Quality of Work Life of nurses who attend the Graduate Program in Nursing Management (PPGEn). Methods: This is a quantitative, cross-sectional study. Data were collected using the standardized instrument Quality of Working Life Questionnaire (QWLQ-bref), and an exploratory-descriptive analysis was performed.  Results: Of the 123 nurses interviewed, 64.22% rated the Quality of Work Life as satisfactory and 31.7% as very satisfactory. Through these data, the relationship between the task leadership style and professional satisfaction in the nurse's quality of life was perceived. Conclusion: The results do not point to a relationship between the managerial style of the nurse leader and the perception of Quality of Work Life. However, it is noteworthy that the Quality of Work Life describes values that go beyond the human.  &nbsp

The neural correlates of belief-bias inhibition: The impact of logic training

Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) was used to investigate the brain activity associated with response change in a belief bias paradigm before and after logic training. Participants completed two sets of belief biased reasoning tasks. In the first set they were instructed to respond based on their empirical beliefs, and in the second – following logic training – they were instructed to respond logically. The comparison between conflict problems in the second scan versus in the first scan revealed differing activation for the left inferior frontal gyrus, left middle frontal gyrus, cerebellum, and precuneus. The scan was time locked to the presentation of the minor premise, and thus demonstrated effects of belief–logic conflict on neural activation earlier in the time course than has previously been shown in fMRI. These data, moreover, indicated that logical training results in changes in brain activity associated with cognitive control processing

Intraepithelial leukocytes of the intestinal mucosa in normal man and in Whipple's disease

Intraepithelial lymphocytes (IEL) of the intestinal mucosa of normal man and of patients with Whipple's disease were studied by light microscopy of 1-μm-thick sections, and by electron microscopy of thin sections. IEL in normal human intestine tend to be elongated in outline, have few cytoplasmic organelles, have compact nuclei, and are unattached to epithelial cells. IEL in Whipple's disease are more likely to be activated in appearance, ie, to be larger and to contain more cytoplasmic organelles than IEL of normal intestine. The number of IEL/100 intestinal epithelial cells is similar in normal man and in patients with Whipple's disease. Other intraepithelial (IE) cells found in normal intestine include eosinophils and mast cells, and we note for the first time the presence of IE macrophages. There are no “globule leukocytes” in the intestine of normal man or of patients with Whipple's disease. Other IE cells found in the intestine in Whipple's disease include eosinophils, polymorphonuclear (PMN) leukocytes, and macrophages in untreated disease and intraepithelial macrophages in treated disease. These IE cells may be involved in the acute and chronic immune responses of the intestine.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/44392/1/10620_2005_Article_BF01296750.pd

Cumulative trauma disorders in upper limbs: rehabilitation

Foram revisados artigos nas bases de dados do MedLine (PubMed) e outras fontes de pesquisa, sem limite de tempo. A estratégia de busca utilizada baseou-se em perguntas estruturadas na forma P.I.C.O. (das iniciais "Paciente", "Intervençao", "Controle", "Outcome").Articles in the MedLine (PubMed) database and other research sources were reviewed, with no age limit. The search strategy used was based on structured questions in the PICO format (from the initials: Patient, Intervention, Control and Outcome)