Filamentation management by using programmable diffractive optical elements

Treball Final de Màster Universitari en Física Aplicada. Codi: SIN019. Curs acadèmic: 2015-201

Fairness and altruism in the context of a punishment game: a gender approach

Treball Final de Grau. Grau en Economia. Codi: EC1049. Curs acadèmic 2016/2017Most literature on gender differences in the field of economics suggests that women are more risk averse and less trustful than men and, in the context of a dictator game, women seem to be less selfish, more reciprocal and more concerned by fairness and altruism than men. In this dissertation, a survey is carried out in order to test the existence of gender differences regarding fairness and altruism in the context of a dictator game. The survey is based on the setting of the experiment included in the study by Eckel and Grossman (1996b). The results show, contrary to the general perception, that women are more selfish than men, and less altruistic. Moreover, fairness is a principle for them, as they will always or never be fair regardless of the circumstances surrounding the decision

Systematic review on the efficacy of a low-glycemic index diet in controlling seizures in patients with epilepsy

Treball Final de Grau en Psicologia. Codi: PS1048. Curs: 2021/2022Tradicionalmente se han utilizado tratamientos dietéticos como coadyuvante al tratamiento farmacológico para controlar las convulsiones en pacientes con epilepsia. El mayor problema de estos tratamientos ha sido la falta de adherencia por parte de los pacientes ya que las dos alternativas más utilizadas, que son la dieta cetogénica (KD) y la dieta atkins modificada (MAD), resultan ser bastante restrictivas, por lo que resulta necesario seguir investigando nuevas propuestas de tratamiento dietético que sean igualmente efectivas y permitan una mayor adherencia por parte de los pacientes. Por lo tanto, el propósito de esta revisión ha sido analizar a través de una revisión sistemática a través de las bases de datos Scopus, PubMed y PsycInfo si la dieta de bajo índice glucémico (LGIT) es tan eficaz como las otras dos alternativas y si permite una mayor adherencia por parte de los pacientes. Esta revisión incluye 6 estudios comprendidos entre 2012 y 2021, con un total de 351 pacientes con epilepsia refractaria. Los resultados muestran que la dieta de bajo índice glucémico es igual de efectiva que la dieta cetogénica y la dieta atkins modificada en el control de las convulsiones, a la vez que presenta menos cantidad de efectos adversos, por lo que permite una mayor adherencia por parte de los pacientes. De todos modos, se requiere de más estudios que comparen la efectividad y adherencia de los distintos tratamientos, así como más estudios longitudinales para ver si realmente está mejora en la adherencia se puede mantener durante largos periodos de tiempo.Dietary treatments have traditionally been used as an adjunct to pharmacological treatment to control seizures in patients with epilepsy. The biggest problem with these treatments has been the lack of adherence by patients, since the two most widely used alternatives, which are the ketogenic diet (KD) and the modified Atkins diet (MAD), turn out to be quite restrictive, so it is necessary to continue investigating new proposals for dietary treatment that are equally effective and allow greater adherence by patients. Therefore, the purpose of this review has been to analyze through a systematic review through the Scopus, PubMed and PsycInfo databases if the low glycemic index diet (LGIT) is as effective as the other two alternatives and if allows greater adherence by patients. This review includes 6 studies between 2012 and 2021, with a total of 351 patients with refractory epilepsy. The results show that the low glycemic index diet is as effective as the ketogenic diet and the modified Atkins diet in controlling seizures, while presenting fewer adverse effects, thus allowing greater adherence by from the patients. In any case, more studies are required to compare the effectiveness and adherence of the different treatments, as well as more longitudinal studies to see if this improvement in adherence can really be maintained over long periods of time

Fairness in the laboratory: a literature review

Treball Final de Màster Universitari en Economia / Master in Economics. Codi: SRN015. Curs acadèmic 2017-2018In the last decades, quite a lot of experiments dealing with fairness have been published. This review summarizes the evidence. Our aim is to understand the importance of fairness on subjects’ decision making process in some specific contexts. For that purpose, in this dissertation we review literature trying to find evidence of fairness motivations on subjects, and we decide to focus our attention on three groups of experiments, concretely bargaining, public goods and market experiments. As regards bargaining experiments, both in the ultimatum game and the dictator game subjects offer positive and significantly high shares of the available amount, around 30%-40% and 20%-30% respectively, even though in the dictator game proposals cannot be rejected. Subjects do not only care about their own payoff and situation, but also about their peers. In this sense, property rights are crucial for explaining subjects’ decision making. In the case of public goods experiments, positive and substantial contributions to the public good are observed, which are on average between 40%-60% of the total endowment. However, repetition leads to a gradual reduction on contributions, which is clearly cut by introducing a punishment option, even if this is costly for subjects. As for market experiments, employers offer wages well above the market-clearing level and workers respond with high effort levels. Nonetheless, the way effort is determined (endogenously or exogenously) strongly affects fairness enforcement decisions on subjects

Fairness in the laboratory: a literature review

Treball Final de Màster Universitari en Economia / Master in Economics. Codi: SRN015. Curs acadèmic 2017-2018In the last decades, quite a lot of experiments dealing with fairness have been published. This review summarizes the evidence. Our aim is to understand the importance of fairness on subjects’ decision making process in some specific contexts. For that purpose, in this dissertation we review literature trying to find evidence of fairness motivations on subjects, and we decide to focus our attention on three groups of experiments, concretely bargaining, public goods and market experiments. As regards bargaining experiments, both in the ultimatum game and the dictator game subjects offer positive and significantly high shares of the available amount, around 30%-40% and 20%-30% respectively, even though in the dictator game proposals cannot be rejected. Subjects do not only care about their own payoff and situation, but also about their peers. In this sense, property rights are crucial for explaining subjects’ decision making. In the case of public goods experiments, positive and substantial contributions to the public good are observed, which are on average between 40%-60% of the total endowment. However, repetition leads to a gradual reduction on contributions, which is clearly cut by introducing a punishment option, even if this is costly for subjects. As for market experiments, employers offer wages well above the market-clearing level and workers respond with high effort levels. Nonetheless, the way effort is determined (endogenously or exogenously) strongly affects fairness enforcement decisions on subjects

Social inconsistencies in the perception of corruption

Treball Final de Màster Universitari en Economia / Master in Economics. Codi: SRN015. Curs acadèmic 2015-2016There is in society an increasing concern by corruption and its consequences. In these years of crisis, particularly in Spain, corruption has gone from being irrelevant to be one of the three main problems of the country. Despite of the abundant literature about this topic that it has been written, we are far from understanding the problem of corruption. This work tries to explain in a simple way the main characteristics of corruption and analyses how society modifies their perception of corruption depending on some factors. A questionnaire was designed to focus on the sensitivity of individuals about corruption and bribing. Results show that our perception is affected by some personal characteristics. At the same time the perception of corruption seems to depend on who performs the corruption activity