Efekat različitih izvora proteina na proizvodne rezultate i kvalitet tabanskih jastučića brojlera

The study examined the effects of different plant protein sources in feed for broiler chickens in the starter period on the performance and quality of foot pad. The experiment consisted of three treatments with six repetitions. The treatment (T1) has been based on a feed of soybean meal, the treatment (T2) mixtures based on potato protein, treatment (T3) mixed at corn gluten. The experiment was conducted on 666 one-day broiler chickens Ross 308 hybrid of mixed sexes, with 37 birds per repetition. The highest of body weight he had treatment (T3). Scoring of foot pad were no statistically significant differences between the examined treatments. The lowest mortality was recorded in the treatment (T2), while the highest value of EPI achieved treatment (T3).U radu su ispitivani uticaji različitih biljnih izvora proteina u smešama za ishranu brojlerskih pilića u starter periodu na proizvodne rezultate i kvalitet tabanskih jastučića. Ogled se sastojao iz tri tretmana sa šest ponavljanja. Tretman (T1) je predstavljala smeša bazirana na sojinoj sačmi, tretman (T2) smeša bazirana na krompirovom proteinu, tretman (T3) smeša na kukruznom glutenu. Ogled je izveden na 666 jednodnevnih brojlerskih pilića hibrida Ross 308 mešanog pola, sa 37 pilića po ponavljanju. Najviše telesne mase je stvario tretman (T3). Skorovanjem lezija tabanskih jastučića nisu utvrđene statistički značajne razlike između poređenih tretmana. Najniži mortalitet je zabeležen u tretmanu (T2)

Variation of the cytokine profiles in gingival crevicular fluid between different groups of periodontally healthy teeth

© 2020, University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Science. All rights reserved. Profiling of biomarkers of physiological process represents an integrative part in optimisation of diagnostic markers in order to adjust the diagnostic ranges to the potential effects of the local factors such occlusal forces in case of periodontal tissues. The objective of this study was estimation of IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL6, IL-9, IL-10, IL-12, IL-13, IL-17, IL-22, TNFα and IFNγ concentrations in gingival crevicular fluid samples (GCF) between different groups of teeth. Two hundred fifty-nine systemically healthy non-smokers having at least one vital tooth without restorations, with healthy periodontal tissues, were clinically examined and the GCF sample was retrieved. The cytokine levels were estimated using flow cytometry and compared between central incisors (CI), lateral incisors, canines, first premolars, second premolars, first molars and second molars. Cytokine profiles varied between different groups of teeth with tendency of increase in proinflammatory cytokines from anterior teeth toward molars. Molars might be considered teeth with natural predisposition for faster bone resorption while the adjustment of diagnostic range of periodontal biomarkers for anterior or posterior teeth should be considered within diagnostic context. Cytokine profiles varied between different groups of teeth with tendency of increase in proinflammatory cytokines from anterior teeth toward molars. Molars might be considered teeth with natural predisposition for faster bone resorption while the adjustment of diagnostic range of periodontal biomarkers for anterior or posterior teeth should be considered within diagnostic context

A subpopulation that may correspond to granulocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells reflects the clinical stage and progression of cutaneous melanoma

Seventy-eight melanoma patients and 10 healthy individuals were examined. Follow-up examinations of all melanoma patients were performed regularly every three months. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) were defined as lineage negative (CD3(-), CD19(-), CD56(-)), HLA-DR-/low, CD11b(+) and CD33(+). Classification of granulocytic (GrMDSC) and monocytic (MoMDSC) subsets was based on the CD15 and CD14 expression, respectively. Unlike the MoMDSC, that were present in 60% of healthy controls and 15% of melanoma patients, the GrMDSC were present in all examined participants, and the melanoma patients were found to have statistically higher frequencies compared with healthy controls. Accordingly, we kept focused on GrMDSC frequencies in relation to the melanoma stages and course of the disease. The GrMDSC values are highest in stage IV melanoma patients, with statistical significance compared with stages IA, IB, IIA and IIB. Patients with progression had statistically higher GrMDSC counts comparing with those with stable disease (P = 0.0079). Patients who had progression-free interval (PFI) lt 12 months showed significantly higher GrMDSC values compared with those with PFI > 12 months (P = 0.0333). GrMDSC showed significant negative correlation with PFI intervals (P = 0.0095). The GrMDSC subset was predominant in all our patients. We confirmed that GrMDSC do accumulate early in the peripheral blood of melanoma patients and their frequencies correlate narrowly with the clinical stage and the spread of the disease. The increase in GrMDSC frequencies correlates well with a progressive disease and could be considered a potential predictive biomarker of high-risk melanoma cases that are more likely to have a shorter PFI

Disulfiram moderately restores impaired hepatic redox status of rats subchronically exposed to cadmium

Examination of cadmium (Cd) toxicity and disulfiram (DSF) effect on liver was focused on oxidative stress (OS), bioelements status, morphological and functional changes. Male Wistar rats were intraperitoneally treated with 1mg CdCl2/kg BW/day; orally with 178.5 mg DSF/kg BW/day for 1, 3, 10 and 21 days; and co-exposed from 22nd to 42nd day. The co-exposure nearly restored previously suppressed total superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and increased glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities; increased previously reduced glutathione reductase (GR) and total glutathione-S-transferase (GST) activities; reduced previously increased superoxide anion radical (O-2(center dot-)) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels; increased zinc (Zn) and iron (Fe), and decreased copper (Cu) (yet above control value), while magnesium (Mg) was not affected; and decreased serum alanine aminotransferases (ALT) levels. Histopathological examination showed signs of inflammation process as previously demonstrated by exposure to Cd. Overall, we ascertained partial liver redox status improvement, compared with the formerly Cd-induced impact

leg disorders in broiler chikens

Innerhalb der letzten 50 Jahre fand bei Broilern eine intensive Selektion auf hohes Wachstum und damit einhergehend eine deutliche Reduzierung der Mastzeit statt. Als Begleiterscheinung der Selektion auf schnelleres Wachstum und höheres Mastendgewicht traten vermehrt Beinschäden auf. RUTTEN et al. (2002) entlasteten Broiler zeigten eine höher Laufaktivität und eine deutlich verbesserte Beinkondition. Bedingt durch den Entlastungsgurt waren jedoch auch die Zunahmen der entlasteten Broiler verringert. Somit konnte nicht eindeutlich festgestellt werden, ob die erhöhte Aktivität auf der Entlastung oder auf der verringerten Gewichtzunahme beruhte. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wurde deshalb der Versuch von RUTTEN et al. (2002) mit Hilfe einer verbesserten Entlastungsvorrichtung wiederholt. Darüber hinaus wurden langsam wachsenden Tiere in den Versuch mit einbezogen, die durch zusätzliche Gewichte auf die gleiche Gewichtsbelastung gebracht wurden, wie die entlasteten schnell wachsenden Broiler. Insgesamt wurden drei Versuche durchgeführt. Versuch 1 wurde in zwei Teilen (1a und 1b) mit gleicher Versuchsanordnung durchgeführt. In den Versuchen wurden jeweils 24 männliche Broiler von zwei verschiedenen Herkünften eingesetzt, 12 der schnell wachsenden Herkunft ROSS 308 (SB) und 12 der langsam wachsenden Herkunft ISA S 257 (LB).Je 8 langsam wachsende Broiler wurden belastet und 8 schnell wachsende Broiler entlastet. Weitere 8 Broiler wurden als Kontrolle mit Gurt ohne Be- oder Entlastung (K1) und 8 Tiere als Kontrolle ohne Gurt (K2) gehalten. Aus den Mittelwerten der K2 von SB und LB wurde der gemeinsame Belastungswert ermittelt. Die SB wurden durch Entlastung, die LB durch Belastung auf diesen Mittelwert eingestellt. Folgende Merkmale wurden erfasst: Lebengewicht, Futteraufnahme, Gewichte von Brustmuskel, Schenkel, Tibiotarsus, Femur, des Weiteren die Länge des Tibiotarsus und des Femurs, die distale Abwinkelung und Torsion des Femur, Torsion des Femur, des Tibiotarsus, sowie die proximale und distale Abwinkelung des Tibiotarsus. Mit Hilfe eines Computertomographen wurden in der Mitte und an den Enden von Femur und Tibiotarsus folgende Knochenparameter erfasst: Gesamtfläche, Gesamtdichte, Corticalisfläche, Corticalisdichte, Flächenträgheitsmoment. Verhaltensparameter Laufen, Sitzen, Stehen, Fressen und ?Anderes Verhalten?. Die Gewichtsentlastung bei den SB führte zu einer signifikanten Erhöhung der Laufaktivität. Sowohl die Torsion als auch die Abwinkelung des Tibiotarsus wurden deutlich verringert. Die Entlastung der SB führte zu höheren Werten in der Gesamtfläche, der Gesamtdichte, der Corticalisfläche und im SSI. Die Gewichtsbelastung bei den LB verringerte das Fortbewegungsverhalten, führte aber zu keiner Verschlechterung des Beinskeletts Die Verbesserungen der Beinkondition der entlasteten SB ist offensichtlich das Resultat der erhöhten Laufaktivität. Um den Einfluss der Be- und Entlastung bei eingeschränkter Laufaktivität zu untersuchen, wurde in Versuch 2 der Bewegungsraum der Tiere begrenzt. Die Länge der Abteile wurde von 2 m auf 0,45 m reduziert. Trotz des eingeschränkten Bewegungsspielraumes zeigten die entlasteten SB eine signifikante Erhöhung der Laufaktivität nur in der 6. LW und eine Verringerung der proximalen Abwinkelungen des linken Tibiotarsus. Die anderen Merkmale, darunter die CT-Werte der entlasteten Tiere waren gegenüber den Kontrolltieren nicht signifikant verändert. Auch bei den gewichtsbelasteten LB war das Fortbewegungsverhalten verringert. Dies war jedoch nicht mit einer Verschlechterung der Beinkonditon verbunden. Im dritten Versuch die be- und entlastete Broiler neben den unbehandelnden Kontrollen einer Analyse des Ganges unterzogen. Mit Hilfe eines Programmes wurden Spurbreite und Schrittlänge aus den Fußspuren laufender Tiere errechnet.. Die Ergebnisse der morphometrischen Messungen und der CT-Parameter bestätigten die Resultate aus Versuch 1. SB Kontrolltiere hatten eine kürzere Schrittlänge und ein größere Spurbreite. Die Schrittlänge der SB wurde durch die Entlastung erhöht und die der LB durch die Belastung verkürzt. Be- oder Entlastung hatten keinen Einfluss auf die Spurbreite. In Beobachtungen wurde festgestellt, dass die belasteten LB gewisse Unsicherheit beim Laufen aufwiesen. Wie aus der Spurbreite hervorging, setzten die Tiere weiterhin die Füße unter den Schwerpunkt des Körpers. Dabei hatten Sie aufgrund des hohen Gewichts Probleme, das Gleichgewicht zu halten. Schnell wachsende Broiler, die beim Gehen den Körperschwerpunkt durch pendelnde Bewegungen über die Beine verlagern, änderten bei Entlastung ihr Gangbild nicht, die Schrittlänge wurde jedoch länger. Die Ergebnisse unterstreichen die Bedeutung der Laufaktivität für die Beinkondition bei SB. Sie zeigen, dass nicht fehlende Motivation, sondern das hohe Gewicht die Ursache für die geringe Aktivität ist.Within the last 50 years, an intensive selection took place in broilers on high growth and therefore there exists a clear reduction of the age at slaughter. Side effects of the selection of faster and higher growth are leg disorders. RUTTEN et al. (2002) tried to reveal the causal relations between weight load, activity and leg disorders by reducing the weight load on legs of fast growing broilers (FB) by a special device. The weight reduced FB showed higher locomotor activity and better bone quality. However, the harness used for the reduction of weight load on the legs impaired the growth rate. In the present study, the experiment of RUTTEN et al (2002) was repeated with an improved device for reduction of weight load of FB. In addition, slow growing broilers (SB) were used, and were brought to the same weight load as weight reduced FB by additional load. In total three experiment were carried out. The first experiment was split in two parts (1a and 1b) so as to incrase the number of replicates. For each experiment, 24 male broilers were used: 12 FG (ROSS 308) and 12 SB (ISA S 257). Load reduced birds weared a harness which was connected to the load reducing device. The load increase of SB weared the same harness with small pieces of led. The chicks of the groups were treated as follows: one with harness and suspension (HS), one with a harness and without suspension ? control bird 1 (C1) and a control bird with no harness and no suspension ? control bird 2 (C2). The load of FB was reduced to the average weight of SB-C2 and FB C2. The load of the SB was increased to the same average value. The following parameters were recorded: body weight, food consumption, weight of breast muscle, thigh, tibiotarsus, femur; length of tibiotarsus and femur; angular deformity of distal femur, distal and proximal tibiotarsus; torsional deformity of femur and tibiotarsus, total area, total density, Corticalis area, Corticalis density, SSI, walking, sitting, standing, eating and ?other behavior?. The weight load reduction in FB led to a significant increase of the locomotor activity. Both the torsional and angular deformities of the Tibiotarsus were clearly reduced, while total area, total density, Corticalis area and SSI were increased. It can be assumed that this was caused by the higher locomotor activity of load reduced FB. The increase of load in the SB diminished the locomotor activity but bone characteristics were not deteriorated. The improvement in the bone conditions of the FB was obviously caused by the increase in activity. In order to determine the influence of decreased load in FB and of increased load in SB the opportunity to move was restricted by reduction of the length of the compartments from 2 to .45 meters. All other experimental conditions remained the same as in experiment 1. Despite the restricted space there was a significant increase in locomotor activity of the load reduced FB. The torsion and angular deformity of the proximal and distal angular deformities of the Tibiotarsus were reduced. There was no significant effect of the increase and decrease of load on the CT-criteria. As in experiment 1, the weight load in the SB diminished the locomotor activity, but the bone characteristics were not influenced significantly. In the third experiment the gait of the load increased SB and load decreased FB was analyzed by a foot print program. For this purpose the length and width of the steps were measured at 4, 5 and 6 weeks of age. The same breeds and the same technique of the modification of the load were used. The load treated birds were kept individually and could use the full length of the test pens. In contrast to the previous experiments the control birds were kept in pens of 1 m² floor space (1 x 1 m). Only the birds without harness (C2) were kept as control. The results of the morphometric and CT- criteria confirmed the results. The FB control birds showed higher step length and greater step width than SB controls. The step length of FB was increased through the load reduction, and decreased through load increase in SB. The treatment had no influence on the step width. SB broilers showed problems to keep their balance under increased weight load. As indicated in the low width of the foot prints the load increased SB broilers tried to place their feet, as usual, under the point of gravity of their body. This seems to impair the stability of gait under increased weight load. FB in contrast, move their centre of gravity above the supporting leg which allows a stable gait under high load. FB did not change the width of their foot prints when the load was decreased, and only the length of the steps increased. The results underline the importance of locomotor activity on the leg conditions of FB. They clearly show that low activity of FB is not caused by lack of motivation but by the high weight load

Determination of nitrate by the IE-HPLC-UV method in the brain tissues ofWistar rats poisoned with paraquat

This work was a part of an initial study regarding the involvement of reactive nitrogen species (RNS) in paraquat (PQ) neurotoxicity. The nitrate concentration in the vulnerable regions of the brain (cortex, striatum and hippocampus) of Wistar rats was used as a measure of nitric oxide (NO) production or catabolism of the formed RNS. The tissue homogenates were deproteinized with acetonitrile and then centrifuged. Nitrate was measured in filtrated supernatants by simple and rapid isocratic ion-exchange high performance liquid chromatography with UV detection (IE-HPLC-UV) at 214 nm. The mobile phase (pH 8.5) consisted of borate buffer/gluconate concentrate, methanol, acetonitrile and deionized water (2:12:12:74, v/v/v/v), and the flow rate was 1.3 mL/min. Physiological nitrate levels (18.8 ± 6.1 nmol/mg of proteins), as well as a diverse range of nitrate concentrations could be determined with good precision (CV = 2.2 %) and accuracy (recovery of spiked samples was 99 ± 4%) in the brain tissue homogenates. Linearity was achieved in the range of nitrate from 0‑80 mM. The retention time of nitrate anion was 5.3 ± 0.3 min