442 research outputs found
Reducing Stigma-Driven Health Disparities in People Living with HIV (PLWH): A Literature Review
Introduction: Research has found that HIV-related stigma has numerous negative impacts on the lives of people living with HIV (PLWH). Although there are more resources than ever dedicated to HIV/AIDS efforts, stigma continues to be a major factor challenging the prevention and treatment of HIV today. Understanding the impacts of stigma on health outcomes and quality of life in PLWH is essential to address the global HIV epidemic and reduce health disparities.
Search Strategy: We conducted a secondary meta-analysis of existing research that discussed and evaluated the impacts of HIV-related stigma and discrimination on PLWH. We searched the following databases for peerreviewed articles: EBSCO Host, Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), and PubMed. We also obtained reports from Centers for Disease Control (CDC), Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR), World Health Organization (WHO), and the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS).
Results: Our review of the literature revealed that HIV-related stigma is a socially constructed global phenomenon that reflects social and cultural tradition. Most current stigma-reduction interventions are designed to address individual-level stigma (symbolic stigma). While this has contributed to improvements in individual attitudes towards PLWH, interventions at the individual level alone do not address the macro-level attitudes and societal norms that influence individual ideals and behaviors.
Conclusion: Findings in the literature review suggest that because of the pervasiveness of HIV-related stigma globally, addressing stigma is imperative to the HIV response. It also suggests that interventions that address stigma at the structural level and target multiple domains might have a more profound impact on HIV-related health outcomes
Standardized Patients in Occupational Therapy Education
The use of standardized patients (SPs) in occupational therapy (OT) education has greatly increased in recent years; however, there is limited research on the perceptions of student’s clinical readiness utilizing SPs and whether or not the utilization of SPs prepare students for fieldwork. The purpose of this study was to examine the perceptions of SPs in OT education and the perceived clinical readiness of students. The use of SPs has been thoroughly researched in other healthcare related fields. It is important that the same critical attention be given to their use in our own field, which emphasizes the importance of clinical readiness in the development of future professionals.
A survey was given to the OT students of Dominican University of California who have had experience with the curriculum, which utilizes SPs. Students were asked to rate their own perceptions of readiness in a number of skills, which were practiced using SPs. Students were also asked to answer qualitative questions regarding their experiences in the simulated environment with SPs.
Results indicated that four common themes emerged to the perceptions on the effectiveness of SPs. The use of SPs helped implement observational skills, bring classroom information to practical experience, identified the impact of secondary health conditions/comorbidity, and had effect on student performance due to anxiety. Further studies should be conducted to support this growing area of OT education
In-Situ Thickness Measurement of Die Silicon Using Voltage Imaging for Hardware Assurance
Hardware assurance of electronics is a challenging task and is of great
interest to the government and the electronics industry. Physical
inspection-based methods such as reverse engineering (RE) and Trojan scanning
(TS) play an important role in hardware assurance. Therefore, there is a
growing demand for automation in RE and TS. Many state-of-the-art physical
inspection methods incorporate an iterative imaging and delayering workflow. In
practice, uniform delayering can be challenging if the thickness of the initial
layer of material is non-uniform. Moreover, this non-uniformity can reoccur at
any stage during delayering and must be corrected. Therefore, it is critical to
evaluate the thickness of the layers to be removed in a real-time fashion. Our
proposed method uses electron beam voltage imaging, image processing, and Monte
Carlo simulation to measure the thickness of remaining silicon to guide a
uniform delayering processComment: 5 pages, 10 figures, Government Microcircuit Applications & Critical
Technology Conference (GOMACTech) 202
Framework for Automatic PCB Marking Detection and Recognition for Hardware Assurance
A Bill of Materials (BoM) is a list of all components on a printed circuit
board (PCB). Since BoMs are useful for hardware assurance, automatic BoM
extraction (AutoBoM) is of great interest to the government and electronics
industry. To achieve a high-accuracy AutoBoM process, domain knowledge of PCB
text and logos must be utilized. In this study, we discuss the challenges
associated with automatic PCB marking extraction and propose 1) a plan for
collecting salient PCB marking data, and 2) a framework for incorporating this
data for automatic PCB assurance. Given the proposed dataset plan and
framework, subsequent future work, implications, and open research
possibilities are detailed.Comment: 5 pages, 3 figures, Government Microcircuit Applications & Critical
Technology Conference (GOMACTech) 202
Crystal Structure of Human AKT1 with an Allosteric Inhibitor Reveals a New Mode of Kinase Inhibition
AKT1 (NP_005154.2) is a member of the serine/threonine AGC protein kinase family involved in cellular metabolism, growth, proliferation and survival. The three human AKT isozymes are highly homologous multi-domain proteins with both overlapping and distinct cellular functions. Dysregulation of the AKT pathway has been identified in multiple human cancers. Several clinical trials are in progress to test the efficacy of AKT pathway inhibitors in treating cancer. Recently, a series of AKT isozyme-selective allosteric inhibitors have been reported. They require the presence of both the pleckstrin-homology (PH) and kinase domains of AKT, but their binding mode has not yet been elucidated. We present here a 2.7 Ă… resolution co-crystal structure of human AKT1 containing both the PH and kinase domains with a selective allosteric inhibitor bound in the interface. The structure reveals the interactions between the PH and kinase domains, as well as the critical amino residues that mediate binding of the inhibitor to AKT1. Our work also reveals an intricate balance in the enzymatic regulation of AKT, where the PH domain appears to lock the kinase in an inactive conformation and the kinase domain disrupts the phospholipid binding site of the PH domain. This information advances our knowledge in AKT1 structure and regulation, thereby providing a structural foundation for interpreting the effects of different classes of AKT inhibitors and designing selective ones
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Relationship between latent and rebound viruses in a clinical trial of anti-HIV-1 antibody 3BNC117.
A clinical trial was performed to evaluate 3BNC117, a potent anti-HIV-1 antibody, in infected individuals during suppressive antiretroviral therapy and subsequent analytical treatment interruption (ATI). The circulating reservoir was evaluated by quantitative and qualitative viral outgrowth assay (Q2VOA) at entry and after 6 mo. There were no significant quantitative changes in the size of the reservoir before ATI, and the composition of circulating reservoir clones varied in a manner that did not correlate with 3BNC117 sensitivity. 3BNC117 binding site amino acid variants found in rebound viruses preexisted in the latent reservoir. However, only 3 of 217 rebound viruses were identical to 868 latent viruses isolated by Q2VOA and near full-length sequencing. Instead, 63% of the rebound viruses appeared to be recombinants, even in individuals with 3BNC117-resistant reservoir viruses. In conclusion, viruses emerging during ATI in individuals treated with 3BNC117 are not the dominant species found in the circulating latent reservoir, but frequently appear to represent recombinants of latent viruses
Graduates’ Assessment on the Services Provided by Polytechnic University of the Philippines-Open University System
This study was made to determine the satisfaction of graduates of the Polytechnic University of the Philippines-Open University System to its services for academic year 2016-2017. Descriptive method was used in the study. The study found out that the PUP Open University graduates A.Y. 2016-2017 are very satisfied on the services offered and provided by PUP Open University System
Quo Vadis? LIS Postgraduate Education in the Philippines / Fernan R. Dizon, Karryl Kim Sagun and Ana Grace P. Alfiler
The paper intends to shed light on the predicament faced by many Filipino librarians: the lack of local institutions offering Library and Information Science (LIS) post graduate degrees. The study also aims to look at Filipino librarians who have either completed and are currently pursuing LIS and non-LIS postgraduate education, either locally or abroad. The paper aims to illustrate the state of Philippine LIS postgraduate education by considering the number of librarians who pursued and are still pursuing postgraduate degrees, and identifying the universities they selected, locally and overseas. The data was gathered from responses to an online questionnaire posted on websites of local libraries as well as professional networks, and supported by phone interviews. Responses were further validated through electronic correspondences. The study yielded constructive information on the state of Library and Information Science postgraduate education. Most respondents pursued or are pursuing Education related postgraduate degrees within the country. Of the number of respondents, only a few pursued or are pursuing postgraduate education in Library and information Science in other countries like the United States of America, Canada, Japan and United Kingdom
Graduates’ Assessment on the Services Provided by Polytechnic University of the Philippines-Open University System
This study was made to determine the satisfaction of graduates of the Polytechnic University of the Philippines-Open University System to its services for academic year 2016-2017. Descriptive method was used in the study. The study found out that the PUP Open University graduates A.Y. 2016-2017 are very satisfied on the services offered and provided by PUP Open University System
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