Carbon Monoxide and Carbon Dioxide Level Distribution of Rojhelat Cafe in Duhok City

There are a few data of toxic concentrations and their distribution of cigarrete and Shisha smoking in Café. Therefore, the aim of this study is to know the concentration and the distribution of both CO and CO2 gases in Rojhelat Café in Duhok city. Both gases have been measured in different positions of Café before opening and until closing the place. Furthermore, the distributions of gases at different places and different elevation have been measured. The results showed that the effect of shisha on producing gases is more than cigarrete. We found that the toxic gases in Café were too high. This study will help the Café manufacture how to design the building such Café for air conveyor and condition

Surface Plasmon Resonance Sensitivity Enhancement Based on Protonated Polyaniline Films Doped by Aluminum Nitrate

Complex composite films based on polyaniline (PANI) doped hydrochloric acid (HCl) incorporated with aluminum nitrate (Al(NO3)3) on Au-layer were designed and synthesized as a surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensing device. The physicochemical properties of (PANI-HCl)/Al(NO3)3 complex composite films were studied for various Al(NO3)3 concentrations (0, 2, 4, 8, 16, and 32 wt.%). The refractive index of the (PANI-HCl)/Al(NO3)3 complex composite films increased continuously as Al(NO3)3 concentrations increased. The electrical conductivity values increased from 5.10 µS/cm to 10.00 µS/cm as Al(NO3)3 concentration increased to 32 wt.%. The sensitivity of the SPR sensing device was investigated using a theoretical approach and experimental measurements. The theoretical system of SPR measurement confirmed that increasing Al(NO3)3 in (PANI-HCl)/Al(NO3)3 complex composite films enhanced the sensitivity from about 114.5 [Deg/RIU] for Au-layer to 159.0 [Deg/RIU] for Au-((PANI-HCl)/Al(NO3)3 (32 wt.%)). In addition, the signal-to-noise ratio for Au-layer was 3.95, which increased after coating by (PANI-HCl)/Al(NO3)3 (32 wt.%) complex composite layer to 8.82. Finally, we conclude that coating Au-layer by (PANI-HCl)/Al(NO3)3 complex composite films enhances the sensitivity of the SPR sensing device

A New Computational Method Based on Integral Transform for Solving Linear and Nonlinear Fractional Systems

In this article, the Elzaki homotopy perturbation method is applied to solve fractional stiff systems. The Elzaki homotopy perturbation method (EHPM) is a combination of a modified Laplace integral transform called the Elzaki transform and the homotopy perturbation method. The proposed method is applied for some examples of linear and nonlinear fractional stiff systems. The results obtained by the current method were compared with the results obtained by the kernel Hilbert space KHSM method. The obtained result reveals that the Elzaki homotopy perturbation method is an effective and accurate technique to solve the systems of differential equations of fractional order

Design and simulation of a PI controller system with frequency response

It is convenient to have a minimum number of parameters that are tuned to control a system.  Proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controllers have this specification and are now daily used in a different field of application especially in industrial control system.  To get the frequency response of such controller to any disturbance signal an appropriate design technique is needed.  Here a PI controller system is implemented and simulated using NI Multisim (13.0) software. We study the frequency response of a PI controller. The results and calculations show that the designed PI controller has very fast (above than 10 kHz) response to any disturbance. We show a large match between the simulation and the experimental part. A bode plot that give us the frequency response of the system has been calculated and measured. The implemented work is important for many applications especially in the field of atomic force microscopy (AFM), scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and other industrial control system that need fast control

Hydrogen production via catalyst of green laser, molybdenum and ethanol

Electrolysis is an electrochemical process which is known as a green technology. Laser irradiation and the presence of catalyst in water electrolysis are identified as ways of improving the efficiency and increment of hydrogen production. The enhancement of hydrogen production through water electrolysis is obtained by adding molybdenum to increase the current in electrochemical cell and ethanol as an agent in photochemical reaction. In addition, diode pumped solid-state laser green laser at 532 nm is employed with the purpose to compensate the residual electrical field effect. The combination of the three catalysts is found more powerful to cause water splitting, thus produced 5 times greater H2 production in comparison to the action of individual catalyst

Enhancement of Optical Properties and Stability in CsPbBr3 Using CQD and TOP Doping for Solar Cell Applications

Cesium lead bromide (CsPbBr3) nanocrystals exhibit remarkable optoelectronic properties and exceptional stability. As a result, they have garnered significant interest for their potential applications in various fields, including solar cells, light-emitting devices, photodetectors, and lasers. Despite its resistance to moisture, oxygen, and heat compared to other perovskite materials, CsPbBr3 still faces challenges maintaining its structural and optical stability over extended periods. This study proposes a robust solution to enhance and improve simultaneously the photoluminescence intensity and stability of CsPbBr3 nanocrystals. The solution involves doping the perovskite precursor with green-synthesized carbon quantum dots (CQDs) and tri-n-octyl phosphine (TOP). The results indicate that the photoluminescence intensity of the perovskite nanocrystals (NCs) is sensitive to varying CQD ratios. A high photoluminescence intensity enhancement of 45% was achieved at the optimal CQDs ratio. The synthesized perovskite NCs/CQDs also demonstrated improved stability by adding TOP into the mixture. After storage in the air for 45 days, the mixed perovskite NCs maintained their performance, which was almost unchanged. Solar cell devices based on the modified perovskite NCs showed a power conversion of 7.74%. The devices also demonstrated a significant open-circuit voltage (VOC), with the most successful device achieving a VOC of 1.193 V, an Isc of 10.5748 mA cm−2, and a fill factor (FF) of 61%. This study introduces a cost-effective method for producing high-quality all-inorganic optoelectronic devices with enhanced performance and stability

Adiabatic Nanofocusing on Ultrasmooth Single-Crystalline Gold Tapers Creates a 10-nm-Sized Light Source with Few-Cycle Time Resolution

We demonstrate adiabatic nanofocusing of few-cycle light pulses using ultrasharp and ultrasmooth single-crystalline gold tapers. We show that the grating-induced launching of spectrally broad-band surface plasmon polariton wavepackets onto the shaft of such a taper generates isolated, point-like light spots with 10 fs duration and 10 nm diameter spatial extent at its very apex. This nanofocusing is so efficient that nanolocalized electric fields inducing strong optical nonlinearities at the tip end are reached with conventional high repetition rate laser oscillators. We use here the resulting second harmonic to fully characterize the time structure of the localized electric field in frequency-resolved interferometric autocorrelation measurements. Our results strongly suggest that these nanometer-sized ultrafast light spots will enable new experiments probing the dynamics of optical excitations of individual metallic, semiconducting, and magnetic nanostructures

Adiabatic Nanofocusing on Ultrasmooth Single-Crystalline Gold Tapers Creates a 10-nm-Sized Light Source with Few-Cycle Time Resolution

We demonstrate adiabatic nanofocusing of few-cycle light pulses using ultrasharp and ultrasmooth single-crystalline gold tapers. We show that the grating-induced launching of spectrally broad-band surface plasmon polariton wavepackets onto the shaft of such a taper generates isolated, point-like light spots with 10 fs duration and 10 nm diameter spatial extent at its very apex. This nanofocusing is so efficient that nanolocalized electric fields inducing strong optical nonlinearities at the tip end are reached with conventional high repetition rate laser oscillators. We use here the resulting second harmonic to fully characterize the time structure of the localized electric field in frequency-resolved interferometric autocorrelation measurements. Our results strongly suggest that these nanometer-sized ultrafast light spots will enable new experiments probing the dynamics of optical excitations of individual metallic, semiconducting, and magnetic nanostructures