The Under-Representation of Jewish Americans in Multicultural Counseling Literature

Despite the ongoing presence of Jewish Americans in the field of counseling, a large gap exists in the literature regarding Jews as a multicultural group of people. This article is designed to bring attention to the lack of inclusion of Jewish Americans in multicultural counseling literature and curricula. Recommendations for counselor education training and counseling practices are provided

The Counseling Supervision Needs of International Students in U.S. Institutions of Higher Education: A Culturally-Sensitive Supervision Model for Counselor Educators

With the ever-increasing number of international students attending universities in the United States (U.S.), there are a growing number of international students in counseling preparation programs. This article provides an overview of the literature on unique counseling supervision needs of international students training to become counselors. Based on the literature, the authors offer a culturally-sensitive supervision model for counselors and supervisors providing practicum and internship supervision to international students at U.S. higher education institutions

Clues to the nature of dark matter from first galaxies

We use thirty-eight high-resolution simulations of galaxy formation between redshift 10 and 5 to study the impact of a 3 keV warm dark matter (WDM) candidate on the high-redshift Universe. We focus our attention on the stellar mass function and the global star formation rate and consider the consequences for reionization, namely the neutral hydrogen fraction evolution and the electron scattering optical depth. We find that three different effects contribute to differentiate warm and cold dark matter (CDM) predictions: WDM suppresses the number of haloes with mass less than few $10^9$ M$_{\odot}$; at a fixed halo mass, WDM produces fewer stars than CDM; and finally at halo masses below $10^9$ M$_{\odot}$, WDM has a larger fraction of dark haloes than CDM post-reionization. These three effects combine to produce a lower stellar mass function in WDM for galaxies with stellar masses at and below $\sim 10^7$ M$_{\odot}$. For $z > 7$, the global star formation density is lower by a factor of two in the WDM scenario, and for a fixed escape fraction, the fraction of neutral hydrogen is higher by 0.3 at $z \sim 6$. This latter quantity can be partially reconciled with CDM and observations only by increasing the escape fraction from 23 per cent to 34 per cent. Overall, our study shows that galaxy formation simulations at high redshift are a key tool to differentiate between dark matter candidates given a model for baryonic physics.Comment: 11 pages, 8 figures, submitted to MNRA

NIHAO XX: The impact of the star formation threshold on the cusp-core transformation of cold dark matter haloes

We use cosmological hydrodynamical galaxy formation simulations from the NIHAO project to investigate the impact of the threshold for star formation on the response of the dark matter (DM) halo to baryonic processes. The fiducial NIHAO threshold, $n=10\, {\rm cm}^{-3}$, results in strong expansion of the DM halo in galaxies with stellar masses in the range $10^{7.5} < M_{star} < 10^{9.5} M_{\odot}$. We find that lower thresholds such as $n=0.1$ (as employed by the EAGLE/APOSTLE and Illustris/AURIGA projects) do not result in significant halo expansion at any mass scale. Halo expansion driven by supernova feedback requires significant fluctuations in the local gas fraction on sub-dynamical times (i.e., < 50 Myr at galaxy half-light radii), which are themselves caused by variability in the star formation rate. At one per cent of the virial radius, simulations with $n=10$ have gas fractions of $\simeq 0.2$ and variations of $\simeq 0.1$, while $n=0.1$ simulations have order of magnitude lower gas fractions and hence do not expand the halo. The observed DM circular velocities of nearby dwarf galaxies are inconsistent with CDM simulations with $n=0.1$ and $n=1$, but in reasonable agreement with $n=10$. Star formation rates are more variable for higher $n$, lower galaxy masses, and when star formation is measured on shorter time scales. For example, simulations with $n=10$ have up to 0.4 dex higher scatter in specific star formation rates than simulations with $n=0.1$. Thus observationally constraining the sub-grid model for star formation, and hence the nature of DM, should be possible in the near future.Comment: 18 pages, 13 figures, accepted to MNRA

The edge of galaxy formation III: The effects of warm dark matter on Milky Way satellites and field dwarfs

In this third paper of the series, we investigate the effects of warm dark matter with a particle mass of $m_\mathrm{WDM}=3\,\mathrm{keV}$ on the smallest galaxies in our Universe. We present a sample of 21 hydrodynamical cosmological simulations of dwarf galaxies and 20 simulations of satellite-host galaxy interaction that we performed both in a Cold Dark Matter (CDM) and Warm Dark Matter (WDM) scenario. In the WDM simulations, we observe a higher critical mass for the onset of star formation. Structure growth is delayed in WDM, as a result WDM haloes have a stellar population on average two Gyrs younger than their CDM counterparts. Nevertheless, despite this delayed star formation, CDM and WDM galaxies are both able to reproduce the observed scaling relations for velocity dispersion, stellar mass, size, and metallicity at $z=0$. WDM satellite haloes in a Milky Way mass host are more susceptible to tidal stripping due to their lower concentrations, but their galaxies can even survive longer than the CDM counterparts if they live in a dark matter halo with a steeper central slope. In agreement with our previous CDM satellite study we observe a steepening of the WDM satellites' central dark matter density slope due to stripping. The difference in the average stellar age for satellite galaxies, between CDM and WDM, could be used in the future for disentangling these two models.Comment: 10 pages, 11 figures, accepted for publication on MNRA

Variations in the Implementation of Ethical Guidelines among Mental Health Professionals in the United States and Denmark

This study focused on the differences and similarities in how mental health professionals in the United States and Denmark implement their ethical guidelines set forth by the American Counseling Association and the Danish Psychological Association (Dansk Psykolog Forening), their specific work settings’ rules and regulations, and their personal values and beliefs when working with clients. Survey packets were developed in English and Danish and administered to 30 United States citizens and 27 Danish mental health professionals. Results indicated that U.S. mental health professionals adhere to their professional ethical guidelines more often than Danish mental health professionals. Results also revealed a positive relationship among professional ethical guidelines, work setting rules and regulations, and personal values and beliefs. Implications for future international, cross-cultural research are considered

Interference effects in the H(→ γγ) + 2 jets channel at the LHC

We compute the interference between the resonant process pp → H(→ γγ) + 2 jets and the corresponding continuum background at leading order in QCD. For the Higgs signal, we include gluon fusion (GF) and vector boson fusion (VBF) production channels, while for the background we consider all tree-level contributions, including pure EW effects (O(α 4 QED)) and QCD contributions (O(α 2 QEDα 2 s )), plus the loopinduced gluon-initiated process. After convolution with the experimental mass resolution, the main effect of the interference is to shift the position of the mass peak, as in the inclusive GF case studied previously. The apparent mass shift is small in magnitude but strongly dependent on the Higgs width, potentially allowing for a measurement of, or bound on, the width itself. In the H(→ γγ) + 2 jets channel, the VBF and GF contributions generate shifts of opposite signs which largely cancel, depending on the sets of cuts used, to as little as 5 MeV (toward a lower Higgs mass). The small magnitude of the shift makes this channel a good reference mass for measuring the inclusive mass shift of around 60 MeV in the Standard Model.Fil: Coradeschi, F.. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Física; Argentina. Università degli Studi di Firenze; ItaliaFil: de Florian, Daniel Enrique. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Física de Buenos Aires. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Física de Buenos Aires; ArgentinaFil: Dixon, L. J.. University of Stanford; Estados Unidos. Walter Burke Institute for Theoretical Physics; Estados UnidosFil: Fidanza Romani, Nerina Andrea. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Física; ArgentinaFil: Höche, S.. University of Stanford; Estados UnidosFil: Ita, H.. Albert Ludwigs Universität Freiburg; AlemaniaFil: Li, Y.. University of Stanford; Estados UnidosFil: Mazzitelli, Javier Sebastián. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Física; Argentin

Acculturation and wellness of native american adolescents in the United States of North America

Cultural conflicts and the process of acculturation contribute to feelings of boredom, anxiety, depression, isolation, stress, self-doubt, alienation, and rejection among Native American high school students. Further, acculturation may have a negative impact on the identity development and wellness of these students. The purpose of this pilot study was to: (a) assess and compare the levels of acculturation of Native American and non-Native American 9th, 10th, 11th, and 12th grade students; and (b) examine the relationship between level of acculturation and wellness for the Native American students. Results indicated significant differences between Native American and non-Native American students’ levels of acculturation; and significant differences between the Native students’ three levels of acculturation on some of the 17 scales of wellness. Resumen: Conflictos culturales y el proceso de aculturación contribuyen a sentimientos de aburrimiento, ansiedad, depresión, aislamiento, presión, desconfianza, alienación, y del rechazo entre estudiantes de escuela superior que son indios americanos. Aún más, la aculturación puede tener un impacto negativo en el desarrollo de identidad y bienestar de estos estudiantes. El propósito de este estudio piloto fue: (a) evaluar y comparar los niveles de aculturación de estudiantes que eran indios americanos y no-indio americano en los grados académicos del noveno, décimo, décimo primero y de duodécimos; y (B) examinar la relación entre nivel de aculturación y bienestar de los estudiantes indio americanos. Los resultados indicaron diferencias significativas entre estudiantes indio americanos y estudiantes no-indio americano en los niveles de aculturación; y diferencias significativas entre los estudiantes indio americanos en tres niveles de aculturación en la parte de las 17 escalas del bienestar

Assessment of data on vector and host competence for Japanese encephalitis virus: A systematic review update of Oliveira et al. 2018

Japanese Encephalitis (JE) is an emerging, zoonotic disease transmitted primarily by Culex species mosquitoes (particularly Culex tritaeniorhynchus) carrying the flavivirus Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV). Japanese encephalitis virus maintains its life cycle between mosquitoes and vertebrate hosts, primarily pigs and wading birds (Le Flohic et al., 2013). JE is an untreatable and incurable disease that, in humans, can result in inflammation of the brain (encephalitis) causing fever, headache, respiratory signs, gastrointestinal signs, confusion, seizures, coma, and, in some cases, death (Fischer et al., 2012; Kliegman et al., 2015). The United States (US) is considered a susceptible region with great potential for JEV introduction, given the availability of competent insect vectors, susceptible maintenance (avian) hosts, large populations of susceptible, amplifying hosts (domestic and feral pigs), intensive travel and trade activities to and from JEV-affected countries, and areas with similar climatic and environmental conditions to countries where the virus is epidemic. To investigate the risk of JEV introduction and establishment, Oliveira and colleagues performed a risk assessment (Oliveira et al., 2019) supported by a systematic review of vector and host competency for JEV (Oliveira et al., 2018). 3Although Oliveira et al. (2019) found the risk of introduction of JEV in the US through entry of infected mosquitoes via airplanes to be very high, the risk of establishment was considered negligible; yet, increases in international trade and globalization, as well as changes in climate and land use, and the recent incursion of a new JEV genotype into areas previously free from disease, as observed in Australia with the invasion and expansion of JEV (Genotype IV) in the eastern and southeastern states, warrants the need for an update of the review and risk assessment. The objective of this review is to update the systematic review (Oliveira et al., 2018) on host and vector competence of transmission of the Japanese encephalitis virus