Barriers To Physical Activity In University Students Referred To An Eimoc Program

PURPOSE: The purpose was to describe barriers to being physically active based on reason for referral, gender identity, and incoming stage of change (SOC) for physical activity (PA) in university students referred to an Exercise is Medicine on Campus (EIMOC) program. METHODS: Students referred by university health and counseling services completed a 20-item questionnaire, which included the “Barriers to Being Active” quiz, an assessment of SOC (e.g., precontemplation), and students’ self-reported gender. Reason for referral, which was provided by a health practitioner, categorized as Obesity, Anxiety/Depression, General PA or Other. RESULTS: Barrier mean scores by group are included below. A score over 5 is considered an important barrier. Overall, a Lack of Willpower was the most highly rated barrier followed by Lack of Energy. A series of MANOVAs revealed non-significant differences in the set of barriers across the three grouping variables. However, follow-up ANOVAs showed that those classified as being at the pre-preparation stage (identified as contemplation or precontemplation) were higher on Lack of Willpower relative to those at action or maintenance, and higher than action on Lack of Skill. Results also showed the that women reported a higher Lack of Skill compared to men. CONCLUSION: Identifying client barriers is essential for promoting participation and adherence to physical activity for EIMOC. Lack of Energy and Lack of Willpower seem to be common, important barriers regardless of gender identity, reason for referral, or SOC.https://ir.library.illinoisstate.edu/urs2021knr/1001/thumbnail.jp

Heart Rate Variability: A 16-Week Examination of Stress Management Education and Physical Activity On HRV

Heart rate variability (HRV) had been described as the time interval between heartbeats and has been shown to be an important aspect of overall health. Stress is a phenomenon that influences heart rate variability. During stressful events, the sympathetic nervous system is aroused. Physiologically, stress appears in the form of lowered HRV, with decreased parasympathetic activity, increased sympathetic activity, and increased levels of cortisol. This can be altered through a system of exercises and stress management education referred to here as HRV training. Previous research (Dennis and Wolfe, 2016; Dennis and Wolfe, 2017) has shown that physical activity and exercise intensity has a positive effect on Heart Rate Variability. Further, achievement of moderate intensity physical activity recommendations may have a greater influence on stress then total steps per day (Dennis and Wolfe, 2018).Purpose: The purpose of this study was to continue to investigate the effects of physical activity and other biometric variables on HRV over the course of a semester-long (16-week) course designed around lifestyle education and stress management HRV training.Methods: The subjects for this research were 23 students enrolled in the KNR 113 “Personal Fitness” course. The duration of this study lasted one academic semester (16-weeks). All participating students were assigned a pedometer (New Lifestyles) that was used to track their steps each day. Each student hadphysical fitness and biometric data collected at the beginning and end of each semester, in addition tohaving HRV measurements taken at the beginning and end of each semester. HRV measurements were taken using the HeartMath emWave pro software using an infrared pulse plethysmograph (ppg) ear sensor. Physical activity data was collected each week of the course through self-reported pedometer logs. Lifestyle education and exercise were the primary focus of the curriculum for the class. Weekly assignments given through the HeartMath website were used to educate students on stress management techniques.Results: To Be Determinedhttps://ir.library.illinoisstate.edu/ursknr/1003/thumbnail.jp

Inserções tibiais do ligamento cruzado posterior: anatomia topográfica e estudo morfométrico

ResumoObjetivoDescrever o formato, a localização e as medidas das inserções tibiais do ligamento cruzado posterior (LCP) para ajudar o cirurgião a criar túneis tibiais anatômicos, durante a reconstrução cirúrgica desse ligamento.Materiais e métodosEstudamos a anatomia topográfica e a morfometria das inserções tibiais do LCP em 24 peças anatômicas de joelhos. Fotografamos as inserções ligamentares nas peças anatômicas com uma câmera digital e usamos programa Image J para medir a área de inserção das bandas, em milímetros quadrados, e as distâncias entre pontos significativos, em milímetros.ResultadosEm 54,2% dos joelhos o formato das inserções foi côncavo; na maioria das peças (41,6%) o formato da inserção foi oval. A área média total da inserção tibial do LCP foi de 88,33 ± 21,66 mm2; a área média da inserção tibial da banda anterolateral (AL) foi de 46,79 ± 14,10 mm2 e da banda posteromedial (PM), de 41,54 ± 9,75 mm2.ConclusõesA banda AL tem uma área de inserção tibial maior do que a PM; as áreas de inserção dessas bandas em nosso estudo foram menores do que as encontradas na literatura. As variações da área de inserção tibial do LCP sugerem que deve haver indicação para reconstruções anatômicas desse ligamento com o uso do túnel tibial único ou duplo, de acordo com as características individuais.AbstractObjectiveTo provide anatomical and morphometric basis of the posterior cruciate ligament's tibial insertions in order to assist the creation of anatomical tibial tunnels, in the ligament surgical reconstruction.Material and methodsThe topographic anatomy and morphometry of the posterior cruciate ligament's anterolateral and posteromedial bundles’ tibial insertions were analyzed in 24 anatomical knee pieces. The pieces were photographed by a digital camera and the images obtained were studied by the software ImageJ, where the bundles’ insertion areas were measured in square millimeters, and the length of structures and the distances between significant points were measured in millimeters.ResultsIn 54.2% of the knees the insertion’ shape was concave; in most pieces (41.6%) the form of insertion was oval. The average posterior cruciate ligament's tibial insertion total area was 88.33 ± 21.66 mm2; the average anterolateral bundle's tibial insertion area was 46.79 ± 14.10 mm2 and it was 41.54 ± 9.75 mm2 for the posteromedial bundle.ConclusionsThe anterolateral bundle has a tibial insertion area larger than the posteromedial bundle; the insertion areas of those bundles in our study, were smaller than the ones found in the literature. The variations in the posterior cruciate ligament's tibial insertion area suggest that there should be an indication for anatomical reconstructions of this ligament using single or double tibial tunnels according to individual characteristics

Pest categorisation of Pestalotiopsis microspora

Following an EFSA commodity risk assessment of bonsai plants (Pinus parviflora grafted on Pinus thunbergii) imported from China, the EFSA Plant Health Panel performed a pest categorisation of Pestalotiopsis microspora, a clearly defined plant pathogenic fungus of the family Pestalotiopsidaceae. The pathogen was reported on a wide range of monocotyledonous, dicotyledonous and gymnosperms, either cultivated or wild plant species, causing various symptoms such as leaf spot, leaf blight, scabby canker, fruit spot, pre- and post-harvest fruit rot and root rot. In addition, the fungus was reported as an endophyte on a wide range of asymptomatic plant species. This pest categorisation focuses on the hosts that are relevant for the EU and for which there is robust evidence that the pathogen was formally identified by a combination of morphology, pathogenicity and multilocus sequencing analyses. Pestalotiopsis microspora was reported in Africa, North, Central and South America, Asia and Oceania. In the EU, it was reported in the Netherlands. There is a key uncertainty on the geographical distribution of P. microspora worldwide and in the EU, because of the endophytic nature of the fungus, the lack of surveys, and because in the past, when molecular tools were not fully developed, the pathogen might have been misidentified as other Pestalotiopsis species or other members of the Pestalodiopsidaceae family based on morphology and pathogenicity tests. Pestalotiopsis microspora is not included in Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2019/2072. Plants for planting, fresh fruits, bark and wood of host plants as well as soil and other growing media associated with plant debris are the main pathways for the entry of the pathogen into the EU. Host availability and climate suitability in parts of the EU are favourable for the establishment and spread of the pathogen. The introduction and spread of the pathogen into the EU are expected to have an economic and environmental impact where susceptible hosts are grown. Phytosanitary measures are available to prevent the introduction and spread of the pathogen into the EU. Unless the restricted distribution in the EU is disproven, Pestalotiopsis microspora satisfies all the criteria that are within the remit of EFSA to assess for this species to be regarded as potential Union quarantine pest

Pest categorisation of Crisicoccus seruratus

Following the commodity risk assessments of Acer palmatum plants grafted on A. davidii from China, in which Crisicoccus matsumotoi (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) was identified as a pest of possible concern, the European Commission requested the EFSA Panel on Plant Health to conduct a pest categorisation of C. matsumotoi for the territory of the European Union. Recent taxonomic revision of the genus Crisisoccus concluded that C. matsumotoi is a synonym of C. seruratus; therefore, the categorisation will use the current valid name C. seruratus. It is an insect pest native to Japan, feeding on species in 13 plant families. There are reports of its presence also in China and the Republic of Korea, but there is great uncertainty about the identity of the species for these records. Therefore, there is uncertainty about the species referred to as C. matsumotoi in the commodity risk assessments of A. palmatum. C. seruratus is a multivoltine species. It has three generations per year and overwinters as a nymph. The most important crops that may be affected by C. seruratus are figs (Ficus carica), grapes (Vitis spp.), nashi pears (Pyrus pyrifolia var. culta), persimmons (Diospyros kaki) and walnuts (Juglans regia). Plants for planting and fruits provide potential pathways for entry into the EU. Host availability and climate suitability suggest that the central, northern and some areas of southern EU countries would be suitable for the establishment of C. seruratus. The introduction of this mealybug would likely have an economic impact in the EU through yield reduction and fruit downgrading because of honeydew deposition and the consequent growth of sooty moulds. This insect is not listed in Annex II of Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2019/2072. Phytosanitary measures are available to reduce the likelihood of entry and spread of this species into the EU. C. seruratus satisfies the criteria that are within the remit of EFSA to assess for it to be regarded as a potential Union quarantine pest

Barriers To Physical Activity In University Students Referred To An Exercise Is Medicine On Campus Program

PURPOSE: The purpose was to describe barriers to being physically active based on reason for referral, gender identity, and incoming stage of change (SOC) for physical activity (PA) in university students referred to an Exercise is Medicine on Campus (EIMOC) program. METHODS: Students (21.9 +4.1 years of age) referred by university health and counseling services completed a 20-item questionnaire, which included the “Barriers to Being Active” quiz, an assessment of SOC (e.g., precontemplation), and students’ self-reported gender. Reason for referral (RFR), which was provided by a health practitioner, was categorized as Obesity, Anxiety/Depression, General PA, Unspecified or Other. RESULTS: A barrier mean score over 5 is considered an important barrier. Overall, a Lack of Willpower was the most highly rated barrier followed by Lack of Energy. A series of MANOVAs revealed non-significant differences in the set of barriers across the three grouping variables. However, follow-up ANOVAs showed that those classified as being at the Pre-preparation stage (identified as contemplation or precontemplation) were higher on Lack of Willpower relative to those at Action or Maintenance, and higher than Action on Lack of Skill. Results also showed that those identifying as male reported a higher Lack of Skill compared to those identifying as female. CONCLUSION: Identifying client barriers is essential for promoting participation and adherence to PA for EIMOC. Lack of Energy and Lack of Willpower seem to be common, important barriers regardless of gender identity, reason for referral, or SOC.KEYWORDS: Barriers, Exercise Is Medicine On Campus, Physical Activity, Students, Stage of Change, Universit

The Government Spending Multiplier at the Zero Lower Bound: Evidence from the United States

We estimate state-dependent government spending multipliers for the United States. We use an Interacted Vector Autoregression (IVAR) model to capture the time-varying monetary policy characteristics including the recent zero interest rate lower bound (ZLB) state. We identify government spending shocks by sign restrictions and use a government spending growth forecast series to account for the effects of anticipated fiscal policy. In our baseline specification we find that government spending multipliers range from 3.4 to 3.7 at the ZLB. Away from the ZLB, multipliers range from 1.5 to 2.7. Next, we address the limited information problem typically inherent in VARs by the help of a Factor-Augmented IVAR (FAIVAR). We find that multipliers are lower in this case, ranging from 2.0 to 2.1 at the ZLB and between 1.5 and 1.8 away from it. Thus, in both specifications we find that multipliers are higher, when the interest rate is lower. Our results are consistent with recent theories that predict larger multipliers at the ZLB

An it multinational company innovating in the latin america region based on external signals An exploratory case study of how a global t-KIBS company innovates acquiring external signals and converting them into innovation

The main objective of this exploratory qualitative case study research is to study the external knowledge acquisition and opportunities translation into innovations. In order to reach this goal it is proposed to use the Peripheral Vision and Absorptive Capacity constructs as lens to study the phenomenon. These two elements composed and combined form a four-phases framework – source, monitoring, interpretation and conversion, which was applied in a Latin America subsidiary of a large Multinational Information Technology Services company. The innovation outcomes were explored as performance evidences of the framework as an innovation process mechanism. As findings we could realise evidences the company seeks and generates innovation mainly using their clients as source, having as outcome, process innovations, with incremental impact. Also we saw the different leadership perspectives about the importance of innovation phases in the framework