Changes in Chinese work values: A comparison between the One-Child, Social Reform and Cultural Revolution Generations

Purpose – This paper aims to investigate the changes in Chinese workers’ values by comparing the work-related values of the One-Child Generation, the Social Reform Generation and the Cultural Revolution Generation. Design/methodology/approach – A survey was conducted with 918 Chinese employees, the vast majority of them working for Chinese domestic firms in Guangzhou, Shaoguan, and Harbin. The collected data were analysed mainly using ANOVA, Tukey’s pairwise comparison and Kruskall-Wallis tests. Findings – The One-Child Generation was found to place less importance on income and job security, while possessing higher tolerance towards the practice of nepotism, than the older two generations. We found no significant differences in the levels of intrinsic values and altruism among the three generations. Additionally, our results indicate overall low altruistic values and high extrinsic values across all three generations of Chinese workers. Originality/value – China’s unprecedented generation of only-children as workers is an unknown factor. It is only now, over a decade after the One-Child Generation first entered the job market, that a comparative study between their work values and those of previous generations has become possible. This study exploits the momentum and is one of the first studies to include the One-Child Generation in the investigation of work value changes in Chinese society

Visitors' awareness of ICZM and WTP for beach preservation in four European Mediterranean regions.

This paper discusses the results of a multi-country survey about private stakeholders' contribution to coastal preservation. It was conducted in four coastal sites of Greece, Italy and France, in order to collect information about beach visitors' perception of Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM) and their willingness to pay (WTP) for beach preservation, intended here as defence from erosion. In order to find out whether ICZM perception is a determinant of WTP, regression analysis is applied. Results show that in these sites respondents have a low level of information about the nature of ICZM, despite local authorities having implemented some ICZM strategies for preserving the coast. Nevertheless, those who are informed about ICZM have a higher probability of paying for beach preservation. This suggests to policymakers that promoting public awareness about ICZM may increase the probability of paying. Finally, some categories of visitors, such as women and young and middle-aged people, have a higher probability of paying than men and older people, thus suggesting a more sensitive attitude to beach preservation. Therefore, policy-makers should also pay attention to the categories of visitors less likely to pay

Segmenting Markets by Bagged Clustering: Young Chinese Travelers to Western Europe.

Market segmentation is ubiquitous in marketing. Hierarchical and nonhierarchical methods are popular for segmenting tourism markets. These methods are not without controversy. In this study, we use bagged clustering on the push and pull factors of Western Europe to segment potential young Chinese travelers. Bagged clustering overcomes some of the limitations of hierarchical and nonhierarchical methods. A sample of 403 travelers revealed the existence of four clusters of potential visitors. The clusters were subsequently profiled on sociodemographics and travel characteristics. The findings suggest a nascent young Chinese independent travel segment that cannot be distinguished on push factors but can be differentiated on perceptions of the current independent travel infrastructure in Western Europe. Managerial implications are offered on marketing and service provision to the young Chinese outbound travel market

Consumers' Willingness to Pay for Quality and Safety in Clams

The aim of the research is to estimate the potential demand for certified clams in Italy and to investigate the determinants of maximum amount that respondents are willing to pay for this product. Quantitative analysis was used based on 1,067 face-to-face interviews collected in 3 Italian regions in the north bordering the Adriatic Sea (Friuli-Venezia Giulia, Veneto, and Emilia-Romagna) carried out during 2008. The consumers' willingness to pay (WTP) is measured using a contingent valuation method. In order to estimate separately the determinants of the probability that respondents are willing to pay and the maximum that they are willing to pay, a generalization of Tobit model was adopted. The results indicate that consumers are willing to pay a premium price mainly to purchase better quality products. The research provides some initial insight into consumers' WTP that can be useful for certified fish farming. © 2014 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC

The behaviour of repeat visitors to museums: Review and empirical findings

This study presents a theoretical and operational framework for analysing repeat visit to museums. Starting from the literature on repeat visit in tourism, the specificities of these cultural attractions are made explicit through a review of theoretical and applied works. Consistently with previous contributors, the paper suggests that the analysis of actual past behaviours has to be preferred to the one of attitudes. The application of proper econometric models is also remarked in order to put into account individual profiles. Information coming from three techniques is then used in an integrated way in order to provide a more comprehensive view of the phenomenon. Evidence from an ad hoc survey suggests the necessity to give a greater attention to perceived cultural value during the visit, promoting cultural events during the week and addressed to children, and taking care of those visitors that come from far places also through an integrated tourist supply. © 2013 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht

Visitors\u2019 Preferences about the Defence of Venice from High Water

In this paper we are interested in estimating the social benefits of the complex defence project of Venice from flooding. The focus is on benefits to visitors to Venice. A specific methodology is needed because the market does not establish the monetary value of this kind of benefit. The data have been obtained by means of a Contingent Valuation Method (CVM) survey by questionnaire. Respondents are asked their Willingness to pay (WTP) for that project per year. The main results show that the majority of respondents are in favour of the project implementation, and are willing to pay for the project. The mean WTP is more than \u20ac 4 per year. Determinants of the WTP are being in favour of the project and being a member of an organization for the conservation of cultural goods

Segmenting Markets by Bagged Clustering: Young Chinese Travelers to Western Europe

Market segmentation is ubiquitous in marketing. Hierarchical and nonhierarchical methods are popular for segmenting tourism markets. These methods are not without controversy. In this study, we use bagged clustering on the push and pull factors of Western Europe to segment potential young Chinese travelers. Bagged clustering overcomes some of the limitations of hierarchical and nonhierarchical methods. A sample of 403 travelers revealed the existence of four clusters of potential visitors. The clusters were subsequently profiled on sociodemographics and travel characteristics. The findings suggest a nascent young Chinese independent travel segment that cannot be distinguished on push factors but can be differentiated on perceptions of the current independent travel infrastructure in Western Europe. Managerial implications are offered on marketing and service provision to the young Chinese outbound travel market

ICZM perception: the case-study of sunbathing establishment managers in Riccione and Misano Adriatico (Italy)

The results of a Contingent Valuation Method (CVM) survey by questionnaire carried out in 2007 in the Emilia-Romagna Region (Italy) are presented in this paper. Since in the future in this region private stakeholders could be asked to contribute in some way to beach defence from erosion, aims of this survey are to collect information on preferences on Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM) about sunbathing establishment managers, and to estimate their willingness to contribute to beach defence in money terms or by directly doing annual beach maintenance works. The coastal resorts of Riccione and Misano Adriatico in this region are chosen as case-study. In these sites the beach is under erosion and needs to be artificially defended through nourishment. All sunbathing establishment managers of the beach area under erosion were interviewed. Results show that a non-negligible number of respondents are willing to contribute in some way to the defence of this beach from erosion, and that more dissemination of information on ICZM is needed

Demand for the quality conservation of Venice, Italy, according to different nationalities

This paper focuses on visitor demand for the quality conservation of Venice according to different nationalities. The vast majority of visitors to Venice are foreigners (both tourists and day-visitors) who come from all over the world. In this research they are mainly categorized as non-Italian Europeans or non-Europeans. A specific theoretical model, in which quality conservation is provided publicly and also privately through donations, is presented for nationals and for foreigners. The data are obtained from a contingent valuation survey carried out in Venice, the aim of which was to estimate visitors' willingness to donate (WTD) to the Venice flood defence programme. Demand functions are estimated by applying a twostage regression model. The authors show that the majority of visitors are willing to donate. On average, Italians and non-Europeans would donate more than non-Italian Europeans. As expected, these visitor categories have different mean WTD and different behavioural functions which are affected by attitudinal and economic variables. Bequest value is the main donation motive. Those who identify this as a donation motive, on average, state the highest WTD and the highest degree of certainty to donate. This result seems to confirm empirically the validity of the sustainable development principle applied to the management of Venice as a cultural tourist site