Somatotipo y fracaso antropométrico en niños participantes en clubs de fútbol de Palpalá (Jujuy, Argentina)

Introduction: The somatotype is a method that quantifies body shape and composition and, in conjunction with other anthropometric indicators, enables a comprehensive analysis of nutritional status. The Extended Composite Index of Anthropometric Failure (ECIAF) simultaneously combines different categories of malnutrition, providing a more precise nutritional diagnosis on vulnerable population. Objective: To analyze the variability of the somatotype components in relation to the nutritional status evaluated through the ECIAF in children who practice football in municipal clubs in Palpalá city (Jujuy, Argentina). Methods: Cross-sectional and descriptive study. Anthropometric data of 144 males between 5 and 13 years old were collected, following the ISAK (International Society for Advancement of the Kinanthropometry) protocol. Somatotypic profiles were calculated and the ECIAF was constructed. Descriptive statistics were estimated and comparisons were made between age groups (5 to 8 and 9 to 13 years) and anthropometric failure status using Generalized Linear Latent Variable Models (GLLVM). Results: The analyzed sample presented a 63.9% of anthropometric failure, where Category G (weight excess) made the greatest contribution. In agreement, the endomorphic component was mainly predominant and increased significantly with age. Children classified with anthropometric failure exhibited alterations in the entire somatotypic profile, with higher endomorphy and mesomorphy along with significantly lower ectomorphy. Conclusions: The somatotype components showed variation depending on the nutritional status defined by the ECIAF, which would show particular configurations of the somatotype profile for each anthropometric failure categories. The complementarity between both methods is useful for the anthropometric evaluation of malnutrition.Introducción: El somatotipo es un método que cuantifica la forma y composición corporal que, en conjunción con otros indicadores antropométricos, posibilita un análisis integral del estado nutricional. El índice Compuesto de Fracaso Antropométrico (ICFAE) combina simultáneamente distintas categorías de malnutrición aportando un diagnóstico nutricional más preciso de la población vulnerable. Objetivo: Analizar la variabilidad de los componentes del somatotipo en relación al estado nutricional evaluado a través del ICFAE en niños que practican fútbol en los clubes municipales de la ciudad de Palpalá (Jujuy, Argentina). Métodos: Estudio descriptivo de corte transversal. Se relevaron datos antropométricos de 144 varones entre 5 y 13 años, siguiendo la normativa del ISAK (International Society for Advancement of the Kinanthropometry). Se calcularon los perfiles somatotípicos y se construyó el ICFAE. Se estimaron estadísticos descriptivos y se establecieron comparaciones entre grupos de edad (5 a 8 y 9 a 13 años) y condición de fracaso antropométrico mediante modelos lineales generalizados de variables latentes. Resultados: El 63,9% de la muestra analizada presentó fracaso antropométrico, siendo la categoría G (exceso de peso) la de mayor contribución. En concordancia, el componente endomorfo fue predominante en la mayoría de los casos y aumentó significativamente con la edad. Los niños clasificados con fracaso antropométrico exhibieron alteraciones en todo el perfil somatotípico, con una mayor endomorfía y mesomorfía a la par que una ectomorfia significativamente más baja. Conclusiones: Los componentes del somatotipo mostraron variación en función del estado nutricional definido por el ICFAE, que evidenciaría configuraciones particulares del perfil somatotípico para cada una de las categorías de fracaso antropométrico. La complementariedad entre ambos métodos resulta útil para la evaluación antropométrica de la malnutrición.Fil: Vilca, Noelia Guadalupe. Universidad Nacional de Jujuy. Instituto de Ecorregiones Andinas. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Salta. Instituto de Ecorregiones Andinas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Jujuy. Instituto de Biología de la Altura; ArgentinaFil: Andrade, Lautaro Daniel. Universidad Nacional de Jujuy. Instituto de Ecorregiones Andinas. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Salta. Instituto de Ecorregiones Andinas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Jujuy. Instituto de Biología de la Altura; ArgentinaFil: Figueroa, Marcelo Isidro. Universidad Nacional de Jujuy. Instituto de Ecorregiones Andinas. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Salta. Instituto de Ecorregiones Andinas; Argentina. Hospital Materno Infantil Doctor Hector Quintana ; Gobierno de la Provincia de Jujuy; . Universidad Nacional de Jujuy. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias; Argentina. Universidad Católica de Santiago del Estero. Departamento Académico San Salvador (Sede en Jujuy); ArgentinaFil: Alfaro Gómez, Emma Laura. Universidad Nacional de Jujuy. Instituto de Ecorregiones Andinas. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Salta. Instituto de Ecorregiones Andinas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Jujuy. Instituto de Biología de la Altura; ArgentinaFil: Diperri, José Edgardo. Universidad Nacional de Jujuy; ArgentinaFil: Marrodán Serrano, Maria Dolores. Sociedad Española de Dietética y Ciencias de la Alimentación; Argentina. Universidad Complutense de Madrid; Españ

The effects of acute CRAM supplementation on reaction time and subjective measures of focus and alertness in healthy college students

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of acute and prolonged (4-weeks) ingestion of a supplement designed to improve reaction time and subjective measures of alertness, energy, fatigue, and focus compared to placebo.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Nineteen physically-active subjects (17 men and 2 women) were randomly assigned to a group that either consumed a supplement (21.1 ± 0.6 years; body mass: 80.6 ± 9.4 kg) or placebo (21.3 ± 0.8 years; body mass: 83.4 ± 18.5 kg). During the initial testing session (T1), subjects were provided 1.5 g of the supplement (CRAM; α-glycerophosphocholine, choline bitartrate, phosphatidylserine, vitamins B3, B6, and B12, folic acid, L-tyrosine, anhydrous caffeine, acetyl-L-carnitine, and naringin) or a placebo (PL), and rested quietly for 10-minutes before completing a questionnaire on subjective feelings of energy, fatigue, alertness and focus (PRE). Subjects then performed a 4-minute quickness and reaction test followed by a 10-min bout of exhaustive exercise. The questionnaire and reaction testing sequence was then repeated (POST). Subjects reported back to the lab (T2) following 4-weeks of supplementation and repeated the testing sequence.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Reaction time significantly declined (p = 0.050) between PRE and POST at T1 in subjects consuming PL, while subjects under CRAM supplementation were able to maintain (p = 0.114) their performance. Significant performance declines were seen in both groups from PRE to POST at T2. Elevations in fatigue were seen for CRAM at both T1 and T2 (p = 0.001 and p = 0.000, respectively), but only at T2 for PL (p = 0.029). Subjects in CRAM maintained focus between PRE and POST during both T1 and T2 trials (p = 0.152 and p = 0.082, respectively), whereas significant declines in focus were observed between PRE and POST in PL at both trials (p = 0.037 and p = 0.014, respectively). No difference in alertness was seen at T1 between PRE and POST for CRAM (p = 0.083), but a significant decline was recorded at T2 (p = 0.005). Alertness was significantly lower at POST at both T1 and T2 for PL (p = 0.040 and p = 0.33, respectively). No differences in any of these subjective measures were seen between the groups at any time point.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Results indicate that acute ingestion of CRAM can maintain reaction time, and subjective feelings of focus and alertness to both visual and auditory stimuli in healthy college students following exhaustive exercise. However, some habituation may occur following 4-weeks of supplementation.</p